GM 2013 Q2

Table of Contents



UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549-1004
Form 10-Q
R
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2013
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number 001-34960
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
STATE OF DELAWARE
27-0756180
(State or other jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
300 Renaissance Center, Detroit, Michigan
48265-3000
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Zip Code)
(313) 556-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  R  No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  R  No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  þ  Accelerated filer  ¨  Non-accelerated filer  ¨  Smaller reporting company  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ¨  No  R
As of July 19, 2013 the number of shares outstanding of common stock was 1,384,137,860 shares.

Website Access to Company's Reports

General Motors Company's internet website address is www.gm.com. Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.




INDEX
 
 
 
Page
PART I - Financial Information
 
Item 1.
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Condensed Consolidated Income Statements (Unaudited)
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 1.
Nature of Operations
 
Note 2.
Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Standards
 
Note 3.
Acquisition of Businesses
 
Note 4.
Marketable Securities
 
Note 5.
GM Financial Receivables, net
 
Note 6.
Inventories
 
Note 7.
Equity in Net Assets of Nonconsolidated Affiliates
 
Note 8.
Goodwill
 
Note 9.
Intangible Assets, net
 
Note 10.
Variable Interest Entities
 
Note 11.
Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment Charges
 
Note 12.
Debt
 
Note 13.
Product Warranty Liability
 
Note 14.
Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits
 
Note 15.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management
 
Note 16.
Commitments and Contingencies
 
Note 17.
Income Taxes
 
Note 18.
Restructuring and Other Initiatives
 
Note 19.
Stockholders' Equity
 
Note 20.
Earnings Per Share
 
Note 21.
Stock Incentive Plans
 
Note 22.
Segment Reporting
Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
PART II - Other Information
 
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 6.
Exhibits
Signature
 





Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES


PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
(In millions, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Net sales and revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive
$
38,240

 
$
37,127

 
$
74,584

 
$
74,455

GM Financial
835

 
487

 
1,375

 
918

Total
39,075

 
37,614

 
75,959

 
75,373

Costs and expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive cost of sales
33,824

 
32,678

 
66,441

 
65,588

GM Financial operating and other expenses
575

 
268

 
931

 
516

Automotive selling, general and administrative expense
2,925

 
2,847

 
5,877

 
5,835

Goodwill impairment charges (Note 8)

 

 

 
617

Total costs and expenses
37,324

 
35,793

 
73,249

 
72,556

Operating income
1,751

 
1,821

 
2,710

 
2,817

Automotive interest expense
61

 
118

 
152

 
228

Interest income and other non-operating income, net
251

 
139

 
422

 
414

Loss on extinguishment of debt (Note 12)
240

 

 
240

 
18

Income before income taxes and equity income
1,701

 
1,842

 
2,740

 
2,985

Income tax expense (Note 17)
742

 
241

 
1,151

 
457

Equity income, net of tax (Note 7)
429

 
300

 
984

 
723

Net income
1,388

 
1,901

 
2,573

 
3,251

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
26

 
(55
)
 
16

 
(90
)
Net income attributable to stockholders
$
1,414

 
$
1,846

 
$
2,589

 
$
3,161

Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
1,200

 
$
1,487

 
$
2,160

 
$
2,491

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share (Note 20)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per common share
$
0.87

 
$
0.95

 
$
1.57

 
$
1.59

Weighted-average common shares outstanding
1,376

 
1,569

 
1,374

 
1,571

Diluted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share
$
0.75

 
$
0.90

 
$
1.37

 
$
1.49

Weighted-average common shares outstanding
1,677

 
1,671

 
1,668

 
1,681


Reference should be made to the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


1




Table of Contents


GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Net income
$
1,388

 
$
1,901

 
$
2,573

 
$
3,251

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
(506
)
 
(115
)
 
(243
)
 
(52
)
Cash flow hedging losses, net

 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Unrealized losses on securities, net
(5
)
 
(136
)
 
(18
)
 
(140
)
Defined benefit plans, net
79

 
15

 
262

 
58

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(432
)
 
(238
)
 
1

 
(136
)
Comprehensive income
956

 
1,663

 
2,574

 
3,115

Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
29

 
(44
)
 
27

 
(88
)
Comprehensive income attributable to stockholders
$
985

 
$
1,619

 
$
2,601

 
$
3,027


Reference should be made to the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


2




Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)


 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current Assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
19,697

 
$
18,422

Marketable securities (Note 4)
6,258

 
8,988

Restricted cash and marketable securities (Note 4)
1,067

 
686

Accounts and notes receivable (net of allowance of $305 and $311)
11,119

 
10,395

GM Financial receivables, net (including receivables transferred to SPEs of $8,726 and $3,444; Note 5)
10,865

 
4,044

Inventories (Note 6)
14,777

 
14,714

Equipment on operating leases, net
2,492

 
1,782

Deferred income taxes
9,771

 
9,429

Other current assets
1,699

 
1,536

Total current assets
77,745

 
69,996

Non-current Assets
 
 
 
Restricted cash and marketable securities (Note 4)
726

 
682

GM Financial receivables, net (including receivables transferred to SPEs of $10,283 and $6,458; Note 5)
11,453

 
6,954

Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates (Note 7)
7,463

 
6,883

Property, net
25,351

 
24,196

Goodwill (Note 8)
1,993

 
1,973

Intangible assets, net (Note 9)
6,598

 
6,809

GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net (including assets transferred to SPEs of $663 and $540)
2,575

 
1,649

Deferred income taxes
26,608

 
27,922

Other assets
2,598

 
2,358

Total non-current assets
85,365

 
79,426

Total Assets
$
163,110

 
$
149,422

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Current Liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts payable (principally trade)
$
26,820

 
$
25,166

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (Note 12)
 
 
 
Automotive (including certain debt at VIEs of $244 and $228; Note 10)
699

 
1,748

GM Financial (including certain debt at VIEs of $7,865 and $3,770; Note 10)
9,262

 
3,770

Accrued liabilities
23,240

 
23,308

Total current liabilities
60,021

 
53,992

Non-current Liabilities
 
 
 
Long-term debt (Note 12)
 
 
 
Automotive (including certain debt at VIEs of $23 and $122; Note 10)
3,263

 
3,424

GM Financial (including certain debt at VIEs of $9,206 and $5,608; Note 10)
13,524

 
7,108

Postretirement benefits other than pensions (Note 14)
7,165

 
7,309

Pensions (Note 14)
26,661

 
27,420

Other liabilities and deferred income taxes
13,472

 
13,169

Total non-current liabilities
64,085

 
58,430

Total Liabilities
124,106

 
112,422

Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)


 


Equity (Note 19)
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value
 
 
 
Series A
5,536

 
5,536

Series B
4,855

 
4,855

Common stock, $0.01 par value
14

 
14

Additional paid-in capital
23,818

 
23,834

Retained earnings
12,191

 
10,057

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(8,040
)
 
(8,052
)
Total stockholders’ equity
38,374

 
36,244

Noncontrolling interests
630

 
756

Total Equity
39,004

 
37,000

Total Liabilities and Equity
$
163,110

 
$
149,422


Reference should be made to the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents


GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
Series A
Preferred
Stock
 
Series B
Preferred
Stock
 
Common Stockholders’
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
Common
Stock
 
Additional Paid-in Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Balance at December 31, 2011
$
5,536

 
$
4,855

 
$
16

 
$
26,391

 
$
7,183

 
$
(5,861
)
 
$
871

 
$
38,991

Net income

 

 

 

 
3,161

 

 
90

 
3,251

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 
(134
)
 
(2
)
 
(136
)
Exercise of common stock warrants

 

 

 
3

 

 

 

 
3

Stock based compensation

 

 

 
5

 

 

 

 
5

Cumulative dividends and cash dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock and cumulative dividends on Series B Preferred Stock

 

 

 

 
(455
)
 

 

 
(455
)
Dividends declared or paid to noncontrolling interests

 

 

 

 

 

 
(37
)
 
(37
)
Other

 

 

 

 

 

 
(12
)
 
(12
)
Balance at June 30, 2012
$
5,536

 
$
4,855

 
$
16

 
$
26,399

 
$
9,889

 
$
(5,995
)
 
$
910

 
$
41,610

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2012
$
5,536

 
$
4,855

 
$
14

 
$
23,834

 
$
10,057

 
$
(8,052
)
 
$
756

 
$
37,000

Net income (loss)

 

 

 

 
2,589

 

 
(16
)
 
2,573

Other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

 

 

 
12

 
(11
)
 
1

Exercise of common stock warrants

 

 

 
2

 

 

 

 
2

Stock based compensation

 

 

 
(32
)
 

 

 

 
(32
)
Cumulative dividends and cash dividends paid on Series A Preferred Stock and cumulative dividends on Series B Preferred Stock

 

 

 

 
(455
)
 

 

 
(455
)
Dividends declared or paid to noncontrolling interests

 

 

 

 

 

 
(52
)
 
(52
)
Other

 

 

 
14

 

 

 
(47
)
 
(33
)
Balance at June 30, 2013
$
5,536

 
$
4,855

 
$
14

 
$
23,818

 
$
12,191

 
$
(8,040
)
 
$
630

 
$
39,004


Reference should be made to the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


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Table of Contents


GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(Unaudited)
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
5,712

 
$
6,441

Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
Expenditures for property
(3,833
)
 
(4,059
)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, acquisitions
(1,841
)
 
(2,928
)
Trading marketable securities, acquisitions
(2,967
)
 
(3,997
)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, liquidations
2,387

 
7,592

Trading marketable securities, liquidations
4,921

 
3,625

Acquisition of companies, net of cash acquired
(2,111
)
 
54

Proceeds from sale of business units/investments, net of cash disposed
(81
)
 
3

Increase in restricted cash and marketable securities
(477
)
 
(275
)
Decrease in restricted cash and marketable securities
553

 
724

Purchases and funding of finance receivables
(10,023
)
 
(2,874
)
Principal collections and recoveries on finance receivables
8,788

 
2,040

Purchases of leased vehicles, net
(1,126
)
 
(610
)
Proceeds from termination of leased vehicles
84

 
20

Other investing activities
(75
)
 
(140
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(5,801
)
 
(825
)
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt
98

 
(156
)
Proceeds from issuance of debt (original maturities greater than three months)
11,417

 
5,278

Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)
(9,075
)
 
(4,077
)
Dividends paid
(474
)
 
(459
)
Other financing activities
(113
)
 
(20
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
1,853

 
566

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(489
)
 
(69
)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
1,275

 
6,113

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
18,422

 
16,071

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
19,697

 
$
22,184

Supplemental cash flow information:
 
 
 
Non-cash property additions
$
3,457

 
$
3,737


Reference should be made to the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



Note 1. Nature of Operations

General Motors Company is sometimes referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as “we,” “our,” “us,” “ourselves,” the “Company,” “General Motors,” or “GM.” General Motors Corporation is sometimes referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the periods on or before July 9, 2009, as “Old GM.” Old GM was renamed Motors Liquidation Company (MLC), which was dissolved on December 15, 2011 and transferred its remaining assets and liabilities to the Motors Liquidation Company GUC Trust (GUC Trust).

We design, build and sell cars, trucks and automobile parts worldwide. We also provide automotive financing services through General Motors Financial Company, Inc. (GM Financial).

We analyze the results of our business through our five segments: GM North America (GMNA), GM Europe (GME), GM International Operations (GMIO), GM South America (GMSA) and GM Financial. Nonsegment operations are classified as Corporate. Corporate includes investments in Ally Financial, Inc. (Ally Financial), certain centrally recorded income and costs, such as interest, income taxes and corporate expenditures and certain nonsegment specific revenues and expenses.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Standards

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim financial information. Accordingly they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, composed of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary by management to fairly state our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. The operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 as filed with the SEC.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements

The condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities at the reporting date and the amounts of revenue and expenses in the periods presented. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in making estimates actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods.

Recently Adopted Accounting Principles

On January 1, 2013 we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2013-02, “Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income." This ASU does not change current requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in financial statements; rather, it requires certain disclosures of the amount of reclassifications of items from other comprehensive income to net income by component. The related disclosures are presented in Note 19.

Note 3. Acquisition of Businesses

Acquisition of Certain Ally Financial International Operations

In November 2012 GM Financial entered into a definitive agreement with Ally Financial to acquire 100% of the outstanding equity interests in the top level holding companies of its automotive finance and financial services operations in Europe and Latin America and a separate agreement to acquire Ally Financial’s non-controlling equity interest in GMAC-SAIC Automotive Finance Company Limited (GMAC-SAIC), which conducts automotive finance and other financial services in China.

On April 1, 2013 GM Financial completed the acquisition of Ally Financial's European and Latin American automotive finance operations except for France, Portugal and Brazil; and on June 1, 2013 completed the acquisition of Ally Financial's automotive finance operations in France and Portugal. The aggregate consideration for these acquisitions was $2.6 billion, subject to certain closing adjustments, of which $65 million is contingent upon closing the acquisition of Ally Financial's Brazilian automotive finance operations described below. Acquisition-related costs were insignificant. In addition GM Financial repaid loans of $1.4

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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

billion that were assumed as part of the acquisitions. GM Financial recorded the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition dates.

GM Financial's acquisition of Ally Financial's Brazilian automotive finance operations and the equity interest in GMAC-SAIC are subject to certain regulatory and other approvals and are expected to close in 2013 or early 2014 or as soon as practical thereafter. GM Financial expects to pay approximately $1.5 billion to close these acquisitions subject to certain closing adjustments.

The following table summarizes the aggregate consideration and the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition dates before eliminations for net intercompany receivables of approximately $300 million (dollars in millions):
Cash
$
440

Restricted cash
525

Finance receivables
10,981

Other assets, including identifiable intangible assets
247

Secured and unsecured debt
(8,910
)
Other liabilities
(722
)
Identifiable net assets acquired
2,561

Goodwill resulting from the acquisition
57

Aggregate consideration
$
2,618


The fair value of finance receivables was determined using a discounted cash flow approach. The contractual cash flows were adjusted for estimated prepayments, defaults, recoveries, finance charge income and servicing costs and discounted using a discount rate commensurate with risks and maturity inherent in the finance contracts. The contractually required payments receivable, cash flows expected to be collected and fair value for finance receivables acquired with deteriorated credit quality at the acquisition date were $2.0 billion, $1.8 billion and $1.6 billion. The contractually required payments receivable, cash flows not expected to be collected and fair value for other acquired finance receivables were $10.1 billion, $130 million and $9.4 billion. The fair value of secured and unsecured debt was determined using quoted market prices when available and a discounted cash flow approach when not available.

We recorded goodwill in the amount of $57 million for the excess of the aggregate consideration over the fair value of the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed and such amount is primarily attributed to the value of the incremental GM Financial business expected. The recorded goodwill is subject to further adjustment, pending the closing of the acquisition of the remaining international operations as well as any potential adjustments resulting from the finalization of closing balance sheet audits. Valuations and assumptions pertaining to income taxes are subject to change as additional information is obtained during the measurement period. All of the goodwill was assigned to the GM Financial segment and will be assigned to reporting units, which will be determined pending completion of the remaining acquisitions. The goodwill is not tax deductible.

The results of the acquired European and Latin American automotive finance operations are included in GM Financial's results beginning April 1, 2013 and the results of the acquired operations in France and Portugal are included in GM Financial's results beginning June 1, 2013. The following table summarizes the actual amounts of revenue and earnings included in our condensed consolidated financial statements as well as certain pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity had these acquisitions occurred as of January 1, 2012, without consideration of historical transactions between the acquired operations and us, as it is impracticable to obtain such information (dollars in millions):
 
Certain Ally Operations Amounts Included in Results
 
Pro Forma-Combined
 
Three Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Total net sales and revenue
$
248

 
$
37,874

 
$
76,200

 
$
75,911

Net income attributable to stockholders
$
54

 
$
1,932

 
$
2,629

 
$
3,286


Acquisition of SAIC GM Investment Limited


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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

In September 2012 we obtained control of SAIC GM Investment Limited, the holding company of General Motors India Private Limited and Chevrolet Sales India Private Limited (collectively HKJV) through a series of transactions that resulted in us owning a 90.8% interest and we consolidated HKJV effective September 1, 2012.

Acquisition of GMAC South America LLC

In March 2012 we acquired from Ally Financial for cash of $29 million 100% of the outstanding equity interests of GMAC South America LLC whose only asset is GMAC de Venezuela CA (GMAC Venezuela) comprising the business and operations of Ally Financial in Venezuela. This acquisition provides us with a captive finance offering in Venezuela which we believe is important in maintaining market position and will provide continued sources of financing for our Venezuela dealers and customers. We recorded the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of March 1, 2012, the date we obtained control, and have included GMAC Venezuela's results of operations and cash flows from that date forward.

Note 4. Marketable Securities

We measure the fair value of our marketable securities using a market approach where identical or comparable prices are available and an income approach in other cases. We obtain the majority of the prices used in this valuation from a pricing service. Our pricing service utilizes industry standard pricing models that consider various inputs, including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads and benchmark securities as well as other relevant economic measures. We conduct an annual review of valuations provided by our pricing service, which includes discussion and analysis of the inputs used by the pricing service to provide prices for the types of securities we hold. These inputs include prices for comparable securities, bid/ask quotes, interest rate yields and prepayment spreads. Based on our review we believe the prices received from our pricing service are a reliable representation of exit prices.

The following table summarizes information regarding marketable securities (dollars in millions):

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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
 
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Fair Value Level
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
Cost
 
 
Cost
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agencies
2
 
$
1,923

 
$
1,923

 
$
4,190

 
$
4,190

Certificates of deposit
2
 
384

 
384

 
120

 
120

Money market funds
1
 
1,806

 
1,806

 
1,799

 
1,799

Corporate debt
2
 
6,112

 
6,112

 
3,102

 
3,102

Total available-for-sale securities
 
 
$
10,225

 
10,225

 
$
9,211

 
9,211

Trading securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sovereign debt
2
 
 
 

 
 
 
1,408

Total trading securities
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
1,408

Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
10,225

 
 
 
10,619

Cash, cash equivalents and time deposits
 
 
 
 
9,472

 
 
 
7,803

Total cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
$
19,697

 
 
 
$
18,422

Marketable securities - current
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agencies
2
 
$
1,354

 
$
1,354

 
$
1,231

 
$
1,231

Sovereign debt
2
 
22

 
22

 
30

 
30

Certificates of deposit
2
 

 

 
10

 
10

Corporate debt
2
 
1,781

 
1,778

 
2,313

 
2,318

Security interest in GM Korea mandatorily redeemable preferred shares
2
 
21

 
21

 
142

 
177

Equity
1
 

 

 

 
21

Total available-for-sale securities
 
 
$
3,178

 
3,175

 
$
3,726

 
3,787

Trading securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sovereign debt
2
 
 
 
3,083

 
 
 
5,201

Total trading securities
 
 
 
 
3,083

 
 
 
5,201

Total marketable securities - current
 
 
 
 
6,258

 
 
 
8,988

Marketable securities - non-current
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment in Peugeot S.A.
1
 
$
179

 
204

 
$
179

 
179

Total marketable securities - non-current
 
 
$
179

 
204

 
$
179

 
179

Total marketable securities
 
 
 
 
$
6,462

 
 
 
$
9,167

Restricted cash and marketable securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market funds
1
 
$
912

 
$
912

 
$
933

 
$
933

Sovereign debt
2
 
19

 
20

 
23

 
24

Other
2
 
13

 
13

 
175

 
175

Total marketable securities classified as restricted cash and marketable securities
 
 
$
944

 
945

 
$
1,131

 
1,132

Restricted cash and cash equivalents and time deposits
 
 
 
 
848

 
 
 
236

Total restricted cash and marketable securities
 
 
 
 
$
1,793

 
 
 
$
1,368


Sales proceeds from investments classified as available-for-sale and sold prior to maturity were $1.3 billion and $551 million in the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and $1.7 billion and $978 million in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


The following table summarizes the amortized cost and the fair value of investments classified as available-for-sale by contractual maturity at June 30, 2013 (dollars in millions):
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
Due in one year or less
$
9,871

 
$
9,873

Due after one year through five years
1,757

 
1,754

Total contractual maturities of available-for-sale securities
$
11,628

 
$
11,627


Cumulative net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities were $23 million and $62 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Net unrealized losses on trading securities were $109 million and $111 million in the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and $132 million and $61 million in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. Unrealized losses on trading securities are primarily related to the remeasurement of Canadian Dollar (CAD) denominated securities.

Note 5. GM Financial Receivables, net

In April 2012 GM Financial commenced commercial lending activities in the U.S. centered on floorplan financing of dealer vehicle inventory and dealer loans to finance dealer sites, facilities, facility improvements and working capital. In March 2013 GM Financial launched similar commercial lending in Canada. In the three months ended June 30, 2013 GM Financial acquired certain international operations in Europe and Latin America from Ally Financial that conduct consumer and commercial lending activities. All of these loans were made on a secured basis.

As the result of GM Financial's acquisition of the Ally Financial international operations and our October 2010 acquisition of GM Financial, finance receivables are reported in two portfolios: pre-acquisition and post-acquisition portfolios.

The pre-acquisition finance receivables are composed of: (1) finance receivables acquired with the acquisition of GM Financial, all of which were considered to have had deterioration in credit quality; and (2) finance receivables that were considered to have had deterioration in credit quality at the time they were acquired with the acquisition of the Ally Financial international operations. The pre-acquisition portfolio will decrease over time with the amortization of the acquired receivables.
 
The post-acquisition finance receivables are composed of: (1) finance receivables originated in the U.S. and Canada since the acquisition of GM Financial; (2) finance receivables that were considered to have had no deterioration in credit quality at the time they were acquired with the acquisition of the Ally Financial international operations; and (3) finance receivables originated in all other countries since the applicable acquisition dates of the Ally Financial international operations. The post-acquisition portfolio is expected to grow over time as GM Financial originates new receivables.

The following table summarizes the components of consumer and commercial finance receivables, net (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Consumer
 
Commercial
 
Total
 
Consumer
 
Commercial
 
Total
Pre-acquisition finance receivables, outstanding amount
$
2,737

 
$

 
$
2,737

 
$
2,162

 
$

 
$
2,162

Pre-acquisition finance receivables, carrying amount
$
2,551

 
$

 
$
2,551

 
$
1,958

 
$

 
$
1,958

Post-acquisition finance receivables, net of fees
15,880

 
4,334

 
20,214

 
8,831

 
560

 
9,391

Total finance receivables
18,431

 
4,334

 
22,765

 
10,789

 
560

 
11,349

Less: allowance for loan losses
(423
)
 
(24
)
 
(447
)
 
(345
)
 
(6
)
 
(351
)
Total GM Financial receivables, net
$
18,008

 
$
4,310

 
$
22,318

 
$
10,444

 
$
554

 
$
10,998


Of the total allowance for loan losses in the above table, $346 million and $266 million are current at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

The following tables summarize activity for consumer and commercial finance receivables (dollars in millions):


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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


 
Three Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Consumer
 
Commercial
 
Total
 
Consumer
 
Commercial
 
Total
Pre-acquisition finance receivables, outstanding amount, beginning of period
$
1,759

 
$

 
$
1,759

 
$
3,675

 
$

 
$
3,675

Pre-acquisition finance receivables, carrying amount, beginning of period
$
1,580

 
$

 
$
1,580

 
$
3,358

 
$

 
$
3,358

Post-acquisition finance receivables, net of fees, beginning of period
9,432

 
836

 
10,268

 
6,326

 

 
6,326

Ally Financial international operations acquisition
6,991

 
3,290

 
10,281

 


 


 


Loans funded or purchased
2,468

 
5,138

 
7,606

 
1,489

 
174

 
1,663

Charge-offs
(116
)
 

 
(116
)
 
(53
)
 

 
(53
)
Principal collections and other
(1,870
)
 
(4,906
)
 
(6,776
)
 
(932
)
 
(46
)
 
(978
)
Change in carrying amount adjustment
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
 
(37
)
 

 
(37
)
Effect of foreign currency
(53
)
 
(24
)
 
(77
)
 

 

 

Balance at end of period
$
18,431

 
$
4,334

 
$
22,765

 
$
10,151

 
$
128

 
$
10,279

 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Consumer
 
Commercial
 
Total
 
Consumer
 
Commercial
 
Total
Pre-acquisition finance receivables, outstanding amount, beginning of period
$
2,162

 
$

 
$
2,162

 
$
4,366

 
$

 
$
4,366

Pre-acquisition finance receivables, carrying amount, beginning of period
$
1,958

 
$

 
$
1,958

 
$
4,027

 
$

 
$
4,027

Post-acquisition finance receivables, net of fees, beginning of period
8,831

 
560

 
9,391

 
5,314

 

 
5,314

Ally Financial international operations acquisition
6,991

 
3,290

 
10,281

 


 


 


Loans funded or purchased
3,827

 
6,136

 
9,963

 
2,885

 
174

 
3,059

Charge-offs
(248
)
 

 
(248
)
 
(104
)
 

 
(104
)
Principal collections and other
(2,845
)
 
(5,628
)
 
(8,473
)
 
(1,852
)
 
(46
)
 
(1,898
)
Change in carrying amount adjustment
(30
)
 

 
(30
)
 
(119
)
 

 
(119
)
Effect of foreign currency
(53
)
 
(24
)
 
(77
)
 

 

 

Balance at end of period
$
18,431

 
$
4,334

 
$
22,765

 
$
10,151

 
$
128

 
$
10,279


The following table summarizes the carrying amount and estimated fair value of GM Financial receivables, net (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair Value
GM Financial receivables, net
$
22,318

 
$
22,459

 
$
10,998

 
$
11,313


GM Financial determined the fair value of consumer finance receivables using observable and unobservable inputs within a cash flow model. The inputs reflect assumptions regarding expected prepayments, deferrals, delinquencies, recoveries and charge-offs of the loans within the portfolio. The cash flow model produces an estimated amortization schedule of the finance receivables which is the basis for the calculation of the series of cash flows that derive the fair value of the portfolio. The series of cash flows is calculated and discounted using a weighted-average cost of capital using unobservable debt and equity percentages, an unobservable cost of equity and an observable cost of debt based on companies with a similar credit rating and maturity profile as the portfolio. Macroeconomic factors could negatively affect the credit performance of the portfolio and therefore could potentially affect the assumptions used in GM Financial's cash flow model. Substantially all commercial finance

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

receivables either have variable interest rates and maturities of one year or less, or were acquired or originated within the past six months. Therefore, the carrying amount is considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

GM Financial reviews its pre-acquisition finance receivables portfolios for differences between contractual cash flows and the cash flows expected to be collected to determine if the difference is attributable, at least in part, to credit quality. In the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 as a result of improvements in credit performance of the pre-acquisition finance receivables acquired with the acquisition of GM Financial, which resulted in an increase of expected cash flows of $54 million and $170 million, GM Financial transferred the amount of excess cash flows from the non-accretable difference to accretable yield. GM Financial will recognize this excess as finance charge income over the remaining life of the portfolio.

The following table summarizes the activity for accretable yield (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Balance at beginning of period
$
371

 
$
768

 
$
404

 
$
737

Ally Financial international operations acquisition
249

 

 
249

 

Accretion of accretable yield
(132
)
 
(143
)
 
(213
)
 
(279
)
Transfer from non-accretable difference
6

 
3

 
54

 
170

Effect of foreign currency
(12
)
 

 
(12
)
 

Balance at end of period
$
482

 
$
628

 
$
482

 
$
628


The following table summarizes activity for the allowance for loan losses on consumer and commercial finance receivables (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended(a)
 
Six Months Ended(a)
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Balance at beginning of period
$
393

 
$
208

 
$
351

 
$
179

Provision for loan losses
100

 
62

 
194

 
110

Charge-offs
(116
)
 
(53
)
 
(248
)
 
(104
)
Recoveries
70

 
32

 
150

 
64

Balance at end of period
$
447

 
$
249

 
$
447

 
$
249

________
(a)
The balances and activity of the allowance for commercial loan losses included in the amounts at and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 were insignificant.

Credit Quality

Consumer Finance Receivables

GM Financial uses proprietary scoring systems that measure the credit quality of the receivables using several factors, such as credit bureau information, consumer credit risk scores (e.g. FICO score), and contract characteristics. In addition to GM Financial's proprietary scoring systems, GM Financial considers other individual consumer factors, such as employment history, financial stability, and capacity to pay. Subsequent to origination, GM Financial reviews the credit quality of retail receivables based on customer payment activity. At the time of loan origination substantially all of GM Financial's international consumers have prime credit ratings. However, the consumer finance receivables originated in North America are predominantly sub-prime. The following table summarizes the credit risk profile by FICO score band, determined at origination of the consumer finance receivables in North America (dollars in millions):

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
FICO Score less than 540
$
3,338

 
29.3
%
 
$
3,011

 
27.4
%
FICO Score 540 to 599
5,301

 
46.6
%
 
5,014

 
45.6
%
FICO Score 600 to 659
2,397

 
21.1
%
 
2,513

 
22.9
%
FICO Score 660 and greater
343

 
3.0
%
 
455

 
4.1
%
Balance at end of period
$
11,379

 
100.0
%
 
$
10,993

 
100.0
%

Commercial Finance Receivables

GM Financial's commercial finance receivables consist of dealer financings. A proprietary model is used to assign a risk rating to each dealer. A credit review of each dealer is performed at least annually and, if necessary, the dealer's risk rating is adjusted on the basis of the review.

A summary of the credit risk profile by dealer grouping of the commercial finance receivables is as follows (dollars in millions): 
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Group I - Dealers with strong to superior financial metrics
$
240

 
$
99

Group II - Dealers with fair to favorable financial metrics
881

 
278

Group III - Dealers with marginal to weak financial metrics
2,017

 
171

Group IV - Dealers with poor financial metrics
780

 
12

Group V - Dealers warranting special mention due to potential weaknesses
415

 
 
Group VI - Dealers with loans classified as impaired
1

 
 
 
$
4,334

 
$
560


The credit lines for Group VI dealers are suspended, and no further funding is extended to these dealers. 

Delinquency

An account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date such payment was contractually due. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 the accrual of finance charge income has been suspended on delinquent consumer finance receivables based on contractual amounts due of $472 million and $503 million. At June 30, 2013 the commercial finance receivables or loans on non-accrual status were insignificant.

Consumer Finance Receivables

GM Financial purchases consumer finance contracts from automobile dealers without recourse, and accordingly, the dealer has no liability to GM Financial if the consumer defaults on the contract. Finance receivables are collateralized by vehicle titles and GM Financial has the right to repossess the vehicle in the event the consumer defaults on the payment terms of the contract.

The following table summarizes the contractual amount of delinquent contracts, which is not materially different than the recorded investment of the consumer finance receivables (dollars in millions):

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Amount
 
Percent of Contractual Amount Due
 
Amount
 
Percent of Contractual Amount Due
Delinquent contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31-to-60 days
$
645

 
3.4
%
 
$
428

 
4.1
%
Greater-than-60 days
253

 
1.4
%
 
158

 
1.5
%
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent
898

 
4.8
%
 
586

 
5.6
%
In repossession
35

 
0.2
%
 
25

 
0.3
%
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession
$
933

 
5.0
%
 
$
611

 
5.9
%
Impaired Finance Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings

Consumer finance receivables in the post-acquisition portfolio that become classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) because of payment deferral or other reasons are separately assessed for impairment. A specific allowance is estimated based on the present value of the expected future cash flows of the receivable discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate.

The following table summarizes the outstanding recorded investment for consumer finance receivables that are considered to be TDRs and the related allowance (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Outstanding recorded investment
$
471

 
$
228

Less: allowance for loan losses
(71
)
 
(32
)
Outstanding recorded investment, net of allowance
$
400

 
$
196

Unpaid principal balance
$
479

 
$
232


Note 6. Inventories

The following table summarizes the components of Inventories (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Productive material, supplies and work in process
$
6,326

 
$
6,560

Finished product, including service parts
8,451

 
8,154

Total inventories
$
14,777

 
$
14,714


Note 7. Equity in Net Assets of Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Nonconsolidated affiliates are entities in which an equity ownership interest is maintained and for which the equity method of accounting is used, due to the ability to exert significant influence over decisions relating to their operating and financial affairs.

The following table summarizes information regarding Equity income, net of tax (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
China joint ventures (China JVs)
$
418

 
$
331

 
$
966

 
$
750

Others
11

 
(31
)
 
18

 
(27
)
Total equity income, net of tax
$
429

 
$
300

 
$
984

 
$
723



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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

Sales and income of our China JVs are not consolidated into our financial statements; rather, our proportionate share of the earnings of each joint venture is reflected as Equity income, net of tax. There have been no significant ownership changes in our China JVs since December 31, 2012.

We received dividends from nonconsolidated affiliates of $1.5 billion and $1.3 billion in the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 and $1.6 billion and $1.4 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 we had undistributed earnings including dividends declared but not received of $1.1 billion and $1.7 billion related to our nonconsolidated affiliates.

Transactions with Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Nonconsolidated affiliates are involved in various aspects of the development, production and marketing of cars, trucks and automobile parts. We purchase component parts and vehicles from certain nonconsolidated affiliates for resale to dealers. We also sell component parts and vehicles to certain nonconsolidated affiliates. The following tables summarize the effects of transactions with nonconsolidated affiliates (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Results of operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Automotive sales and revenue
$
707

 
$
722

 
$
1,301

 
$
1,305

Automotive purchases, net
$
196

 
$
174

 
$
375

 
$
309

Interest income and other non-operating income, net
$
6

 
$
148

 
$
7

 
$
163


 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Financial position
 
 
 
Accounts and notes receivable, net
$
671

 
$
1,668

Accounts and notes payable
$
223

 
$
167

Deferred revenue and customer deposits
$
37

 
$
46


 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Cash flows
 
 
 
Operating
$
2,432

 
$
2,391

Investing
$
(7
)
 
$
(37
)

Note 8. Goodwill
The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amounts of Goodwill (dollars in millions):
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Total
Balance at January 1, 2013
$

 
$

 
$
549

 
$
146

 
$
695

 
$
1,278

 
$
1,973

Goodwill from business combinations(a)

 

 

 
10

 
10

 
57

 
67

Effect of foreign currency translation and other

 

 
(35
)
 
(12
)
 
(47
)
 

 
(47
)
Balance at June 30, 2013
$

 
$

 
$
514

 
$
144

 
$
658

 
$
1,335

 
$
1,993

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated impairment charges at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012
$
(26,399
)
 
$
(3,072
)
 
$
(426
)
 
$

 
$
(29,897
)
 
$

 
$
(29,897
)
________
(a)
Refer to Note 3 for additional information concerning the acquisition of certain Ally Financial international operations.

15



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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


In the three months ended June 30 and March 31, 2013 and 2012 we performed event-driven goodwill impairment tests for our GM Korea Company (GM Korea) reporting unit as the fair value of GM Korea continues to be below its carrying amount due to ongoing economic weakness in certain markets to which GM Korea exports as well as higher raw material costs and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates. The event-driven impairment tests resulted in a Goodwill impairment charge of $27 million within our GMIO segment in the three months ended March 31, 2012. Our GME reporting unit had a negative carrying amount and because of deterioration in the business outlook for GME that resulted in a reduction in the fair value of certain tax attributes and an increase in the fair value of estimated employee benefit obligations at March 31, 2012, we recorded a Goodwill impairment charge of $590 million, after which GME's Goodwill balance was $0.

When performing our goodwill impairment testing, the fair values of our reporting units were determined based on valuation techniques using the best available information, primarily discounted cash flow projections. We make significant assumptions and estimates, which utilized Level 3 measures, about the extent and timing of future cash flows, growth rates, market share and discount rates that represent unobservable inputs into our valuation methodologies. Our fair value estimates for event-driven impairment tests assume the achievement of the future financial results contemplated in our forecasted cash flows and there can be no assurance that we will realize that value.

Note 9. Intangible Assets, net

The following table summarizes the components of Intangible assets, net (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 

Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 

Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Technology and intellectual property
$
8,428

 
$
6,932

 
$
1,496

 
$
7,775

 
$
6,320

 
$
1,455

Brands
4,455

 
494

 
3,961

 
4,464

 
431

 
4,033

Dealer network and customer relationships
1,355

 
366

 
989

 
1,375

 
327

 
1,048

Favorable contracts and other
379

 
323

 
56

 
384

 
286

 
98

Total amortizing intangible assets
14,617

 
8,115

 
6,502

 
13,998

 
7,364

 
6,634

Nonamortizing in process research and development
96

 
 
 
96

 
175

 


 
175

Total intangible assets
$
14,713

 
$
8,115

 
$
6,598

 
$
14,173

 
$
7,364

 
$
6,809


In December 2012 we entered into a product development agreement with Peugeot S.A. to collaborate on the development of certain vehicle platforms, components and modules. As a result of this agreement, in the three months ended March 31, 2013 we acquired the rights to certain intellectual property and technology for total consideration of $642 million. Consideration of $201 million was paid in cash in May 2013 with the remaining consideration to be paid in cash or in-kind exchanges by May 2018. The acquired rights were recorded at the present value of the total payments to be made as technology and intellectual property of $594 million.

The following table summarizes amortization expense related to intangible assets (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Amortization expense related to intangible assets
$
394

 
$
392

 
$
778

 
$
790


The following table summarizes estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets in each of the next five years (dollars in millions):
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
2017
 
2018
Estimated amortization expense
$
625

 
$
323

 
$
323

 
$
320

 
$
318


Note 10. Variable Interest Entities


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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

Consolidated VIEs

Automotive

Variable interest entities (VIEs) that we do not control through a majority voting interest that are consolidated because we are the primary beneficiary include certain vehicle assembling, manufacturing and selling venture arrangements, the most significant of which is GM Egypt. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012: (1) Total assets of these VIEs were $538 million and $436 million, which were composed of Cash and cash equivalents, Accounts and notes receivable, net, Inventories and Property, net; and (2) Total liabilities were $367 million and $254 million, which were composed of Accounts payable (principally trade) and Accrued liabilities. In the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 Total net sales and revenue recorded by these VIEs were $250 million and $226 million and Net income was $17 million and $10 million. In the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012
Total net sales and revenue recorded by these VIEs were $496 million and $462 million and Net income was $37 million and $7 million. These amounts are stated prior to intercompany eliminations. Liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating VIEs generally do not represent claims against us or our other subsidiaries and assets recognized generally are for the benefit of the VIEs' operations and cannot be used to satisfy our obligations.

GM Korea and HKJV are non-wholly owned consolidated subsidiaries that we control through a majority voting interest. They are also VIEs because in the future they may require additional subordinated financial support. The combined creditors of GM Korea's and HKJV's short-term debt of $244 million and $228 million, current derivative liabilities of $0 and $18 million and long-term debt of $23 million and $122 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 do not have recourse to our general credit.

Automotive Financing - GM Financial

GM Financial uses special purpose entities (SPEs) that are considered VIEs to issue variable funding notes to third party bank-sponsored warehouse facilities and that issue asset-backed securities to investors in securitization transactions. The debt issued by these VIEs is backed by the cash flows related to finance receivables and leasing related assets transferred by GM Financial to the VIEs (Securitized Assets). GM Financial holds variable interests in the VIEs that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. GM Financial determined that they are the primary beneficiary of the SPEs because (1) the servicing responsibilities for the Securitized Assets give them the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIEs and (2) the variable interests in the VIEs give them the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive residual returns that could potentially be significant. The assets and liabilities of the VIEs are included in GM Financial's condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amounts are stated prior to intercompany eliminations.

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities related to GM Financial's consolidated VIEs (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Restricted cash
$
1,397

 
$
744

Securitized assets
$
20,227

 
$
10,442

Securitization notes payable and other credit facilities
$
17,071

 
$
9,378


Restricted cash represents collections from the underlying securitized assets and certain reserve accounts held as credit enhancement for securitizations held by GM Financial for the benefit of the noteholders. Except for the acquisition accounting adjustments, GM Financial recognizes finance charge income, leased vehicle income and other income on the Securitized Assets and interest expense on the secured debt issued by the SPEs. GM Financial also maintains an allowance for credit losses on the Securitized Assets. Cash pledged to support the secured borrowings is deposited to a restricted cash account and recorded as restricted cash, which is invested in highly liquid securities with original maturities of 90 days or less.

The assets of the VIEs and the restricted cash held by GM Financial serve as the sole source of repayment for the asset-backed securities issued by these entities. Investors in the notes issued by the VIEs do not have recourse to GM Financial or their other assets, with the exception of customary representation and warranty repurchase provisions and indemnities that GM Financial provides as the servicer. GM Financial is not required and does not currently intend to provide additional financial support to these SPEs. While these subsidiaries are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements, these subsidiaries are separate legal entities and their assets are legally owned by them and are not available to GM Financial's creditors.


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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

Nonconsolidated VIEs

Automotive

VIEs that are not consolidated include certain vehicle assembling, manufacturing and selling venture arrangements and other automotive related entities to which we provided financial support including HKJV prior to September 2012 and Ally Financial. We concluded these entities are VIEs because they do not have sufficient equity at risk or may require additional subordinated financial support. We currently lack the power through voting or similar rights to direct those activities of these entities that most significantly affect their economic performance. Our variable interests in these nonconsolidated VIEs include accounts and notes receivable, equity in net assets, guarantees and financial support, some of which were provided to certain current or previously divested suppliers in order to ensure that supply needs for production were not disrupted due to a supplier's liquidity concerns or possible shutdowns.

The following table summarizes the amounts recorded for nonconsolidated VIEs and the related off-balance sheet guarantees and maximum exposure to loss (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Carrying Amount
 
Maximum Exposure to Loss
 
Carrying Amount
 
Maximum Exposure to Loss
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts and notes receivable, net
$
56

 
$
56

 
$
234

 
$
234

Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates
104

 
100

 
117

 
113

Total assets
$
160

 
$
156

 
$
351

 
$
347

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable (principally trade)
$
11

 
 
 
$
48

 
 
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
107

 
 
 
863

 
 
Accrued liabilities
773

 
 
 
878

 
 
Other liabilities
51

 
 
 
69

 
 
Total liabilities
$
942

 
 
 
$
1,858

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Off-balance sheet(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan commitments
 
 
$

 
 
 
$
15

Other liquidity arrangements(b)
 
 
197

 
 
 
17

Total off-balance sheet arrangements
 
 
$
197

 
 
 
$
32

________
(a)
Refer to Note 16 for additional information on our maximum exposure to loss under agreements with Ally Financial.
(b)
The amount at June 30, 2013 includes contractual commitments under an agreement with a supplier that became a VIE in January 2013.

Fair Value of Ally Financial Common Stock

At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 we held a 9.9% common equity ownership in Ally Financial. Our entire equity ownership is held indirectly through an independent trust which has the sole authority to vote the shares and is required to dispose of all Ally Financial common stock by December 24, 2013.

We estimated the fair value of Ally Financial common stock using a market approach that applies the average price to tangible book value multiples of comparable companies to the consolidated Ally Financial tangible book value. The significant inputs used in our fair value analyses included Ally Financial's financial statements, financial statements and price to tangible book value multiples of comparable companies in the banking and finance industry, and the effects of certain Ally Financial shareholder rights. The measurement of Ally Financial common stock is a Level 3 fair value measurement.


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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

The following table summarizes the carrying amount and estimated fair value of Ally Financial common stock (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Carrying amount
$
397

 
$
399

Fair value
$
1,322

 
$
1,268


Note 11. Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment Charges

The following table summarizes depreciation, amortization and impairment charges related to Property, net, Equipment on operating leases, net and GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets
$
966

 
$
925

 
$
1,870

 
$
1,817

Impairment charges of long-lived assets
$
17

 
$
23

 
$
36

 
$
54

Depreciation of equipment on operating leases
$
139

 
$
105

 
$
250

 
$
197

Impairment charges of equipment on operating leases
$
62

 
$
75

 
$
109

 
$
130


The following table summarizes equipment on operating leases to daily rental car companies measured at fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs on a nonrecurring basis (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Fair value measures
$
530

 
$
1,067

 
$
949

 
$
1,915


Impairment of vehicles leased to daily rental car companies with guaranteed repurchase obligations is determined to exist if the expected cash flows are lower than the carrying amount of the vehicle. We have multiple, distinct portfolios of vehicles leased to rental car companies and may have multiple impairments within a period. Expected cash flows include all estimated net revenue and costs associated with the sale to daily rental car companies through disposal at auction. The fair value measurements are determined, reviewed and approved on a monthly basis by personnel with appropriate knowledge of transactions with daily rental car companies and auction transactions. The carrying amount of the related assets at June 30, 2013 and 2012 may no longer equal the fair value as the fair value presented is as of the date the impairment charge was recorded during the period presented.

The following table summarizes the significant quantitative unobservable inputs and assumptions used in the fair value measurement of Equipment on operating leases, net (dollars in millions):
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
Valuation Technique
 
Significant Unobservable Input
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Impaired equipment on operating leases
Cash flow
 
Estimated net revenue
 
$
543

 
$
1,094

 
$
971

 
$
1,961

 
 
 
Estimated costs
 
$
605

 
$
1,169

 
$
1,080

 
$
2,091


Note 12. Debt

Automotive

The following table summarizes the carrying amount and fair value of debt (dollars in millions):


June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Carrying amount
$
3,962

 
$
5,172

Fair value(a)
$
3,607

 
$
5,298


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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

________
(a)
The fair value of debt included $2.4 billion and $4.1 billion measured utilizing Level 2 inputs at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. The fair value of debt included $1.2 billion measured utilizing Level 3 inputs at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

The Level 2 fair value measurements utilize a discounted cash flow model. The valuation is reviewed internally by personnel with appropriate expertise in valuation methodologies. This model utilizes observable inputs such as contractual repayment terms and benchmark yield curves, plus a spread that is intended to represent our nonperformance risk for secured or unsecured obligations. We estimate our nonperformance risk using our corporate credit rating, the rating on our secured revolver, yields on traded bonds of companies with comparable credit ratings and risk profiles. We acquire the benchmark yield curves and nonperformance risk spread from independent sources that are widely used in the financial industry. In certain circumstances we adjust the valuation of debt for additional nonperformance risk or potential prepayment probability scenarios. We may use a probability weighting of prepayment scenarios when the stated rate exceeds market rates and the instrument contains prepayment features. The prepayment scenarios are adjusted to reflect the views of market participants. The fair value measurements subject to additional adjustments for nonperformance risk or prepayment have been categorized within Level 3.

Wholesale Financing

Wholesale financing represents arrangements, primarily with Ally Financial, where cash is received in advance of the final sale of vehicles, parts and accessories to our dealers or ultimate customer. These obligations typically settle through the sale and delivery of our products and generally do not require cash outflows to settle. Following the acquisition of Ally Financial's international operations in April 2013, most of the wholesale financing balance classified as debt became intercompany debt and was eliminated in consolidation, resulting in a decrease to our automotive debt balance of $682 million.

Losses on Extinguishment of Debt

In April 2013 GM Korea made a payment of $708 million to acquire, prior to the mandatory redemption date, the remaining balance of GM Korea's mandatorily redeemable preferred shares that had a carrying amount of $468 million. We recorded the difference of $240 million as a loss on extinguishment of debt.

In the six months ended June 30, 2012 we prepaid and retired a debt obligation of $39 million. We recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $18 million which primarily represented the unamortized debt discount.

Automotive Financing - GM Financial

The following table summarizes the carrying amount and fair value of debt (dollars in millions):
 
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value(a)
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value(a)
Secured
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revolving credit facilities
 
$
5,452

 
$
5,452

 
$
354

 
$
354

Securitization notes payable(b)
 
12,096

 
12,153

 
9,024

 
9,171

Total secured
 
17,548

 
17,605

 
9,378

 
9,525

Unsecured
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bank lines and credit facilities
 
1,238

 
1,238

 

 

Senior notes
 
4,000

 
3,994

 
1,500

 
1,620

Total unsecured
 
5,238

 
5,232

 
1,500

 
1,620

Total GM Financial debt
 
$
22,786

 
$
22,837

 
$
10,878

 
$
11,145

________
(a)
For revolving credit facilities with variable interest rates and maturities of one year or less, the carrying amount is considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value. The fair value of other secured debt and the unsecured debt is based on quoted market prices, when available. If quoted market prices are not available, the market value is estimated by discounting future net cash flows expected to be paid using current risk-adjusted rates.
(b)
Includes a private securitization that GM Financial used observable and unobservable inputs to estimate fair value. Unobservable inputs are related to the structuring of the debt into various classes, which is based on public securitizations issued during the same time frame.

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

Observable inputs are used by obtaining active prices based on the securitization debt issued during the same time frame. These observable inputs are then used to create expected market prices (unobservable inputs), which are then applied to the debt classes in order to estimate fair value which would approximate market value.

Secured Debt

The revolving credit facilities have revolving periods ranging from one to three years. At the end of the revolving period, if the facilities are not renewed, the debt will amortize over periods ranging from one to five years. Most of the secured debt was issued by VIEs. Refer to Note 10 for additional information relating to GM Financial's involvement with VIEs. These notes are repayable only from proceeds related to the underlying pledged finance receivables and leases. Weighted-average interest rates are both fixed and variable, ranging from 0.9% to 6.3% at June 30, 2013.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 GM Financial entered into new credit facilities of $1.3 billion. In the six months ended June 30, 2013 GM Financial also issued securitization notes payable of $3.1 billion, with a weighted-average interest rate of 1.5% maturing on various dates through 2020. At June 30, 2013 revolving credit facilities of $4.4 billion and securitization notes payable of $2.0 billion resulted from the acquisition of Ally Financial international operations.

Unsecured Debt

The maturity dates of bank lines, which were assumed in the acquisition of Ally Financial's international operations, range up to three years. If not renewed, any balance outstanding under these bank lines is either immediately due in full or else will amortize over a defined period. Interest rates on bank lines and credit facilities ranged from 0.0% to 9.0% at June 30, 2013.

In May 2013 GM Financial issued and sold $2.5 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior notes due in 2016 through 2023 with interest rates that range from 2.8% to 4.3%. Senior notes outstanding at June 30, 2013 are due beginning in 2016 through 2023 and have interest rates that range from 2.8% to 6.8%.

The following table summarizes the expected scheduled principal and interest payments under our contractual debt obligations at June 30, 2013 (dollars in millions):
 
 
Payments Due by Period
 
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
2016
 
2017
 
Thereafter
 
Total
Secured Debt
 
$
5,808

 
$
4,933

 
$
3,518

 
$
2,173

 
$
1,016

 
$
146

 
$
17,594

Unsecured Debt
 
819

 
253

 
139

 
1,027

 
1,000

 
2,000

 
5,238

Interest
 
277

 
387

 
277

 
198

 
134

 
195

 
1,468

 
 
$
6,904

 
$
5,573

 
$
3,934

 
$
3,398

 
$
2,150

 
$
2,341

 
$
24,300


Note 13. Product Warranty Liability

The following table summarizes activity for policy, product warranty, recall campaigns and certified used vehicle warranty liabilities (dollars in millions):
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Balance at beginning of period
$
7,204

 
$
6,600

Warranties issued and assumed in period
1,600

 
1,675

Payments
(1,570
)
 
(1,758
)
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties
(4
)
 
339

Effect of foreign currency translation and other
(137
)
 
(19
)
Balance at end of period
$
7,093

 
$
6,837


Note 14. Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits


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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

We continue to pursue various options to fund and derisk our pension plans, including continued changes to the pension asset portfolio mix to reduce funded status volatility.

Net Periodic Pension and OPEB (Income) Expense

The following tables summarize the components of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits (OPEB) (income) expense (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
Pension Benefits
 
Other Benefits
 
Pension Benefits
 
Other Benefits
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
Service cost
$
99

 
$
94

 
$
6

 
$
4

 
$
161

 
$
106

 
$
7

 
$
3

Interest cost
709

 
252

 
55

 
14

 
1,080

 
276

 
58

 
16

Expected return on plan assets
(890
)
 
(205
)
 

 

 
(1,333
)
 
(218
)
 

 

Amortization of prior service cost (credit)
(1
)
 
5

 
(30
)
 
(3
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(29
)
 
(3
)
Recognized net actuarial loss
1

 
51

 
23

 
1

 
1

 
9

 
13

 
2

Curtailments, settlements and other (gains) losses
(37
)
 
(1
)
 

 

 
(2
)
 
14

 

 

Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense
$
(119
)
 
$
196

 
$
54

 
$
16

 
$
(94
)
 
$
187

 
$
49

 
$
18

 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
Pension Benefits
 
Other Benefits
 
Pension Benefits
 
Other Benefits
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
 
U.S. Plans
 
Non-U.S. Plans
Service cost
$
198

 
$
193

 
$
13

 
$
7

 
$
321

 
$
198

 
$
12

 
$
8

Interest cost
1,418

 
506

 
110

 
28

 
2,160

 
553

 
117

 
32

Expected return on plan assets
(1,781
)
 
(414
)
 

 

 
(2,665
)
 
(435
)
 

 

Amortization of prior service cost (credit)
(2
)
 
10

 
(59
)
 
(7
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(58
)
 
(5
)
Recognized net actuarial loss
3

 
100

 
46

 
3

 
1

 
17

 
26

 
3

Curtailments, settlements and other (gains) losses
5

 
3

 

 

 
(23
)
 
42

 

 

Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense
$
(159
)
 
$
398

 
$
110

 
$
31

 
$
(207
)
 
$
375

 
$
97

 
$
38


Significant Plan Amendments, Benefit Modifications and Related Events

U.S. Salaried Defined Benefit Pension Plan

In January 2012 we amended the U.S. salaried pension plan to cease the accrual of additional benefits effective September 30, 2012. This amendment resulted in a curtailment which decreased the pension liability and decreased the net pre-tax actuarial loss component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss by $309 million in the three months ended March 31, 2012. Active plan participants started receiving additional contributions in the defined contribution plan in October 2012.

Canadian Salaried Defined Benefit Plans

In June 2012 we amended the Canadian salaried pension plan to cease the accrual of additional benefits effective December 31, 2012 and provide active employees a lump-sum distribution option at retirement. The remeasurement, amendments and offsetting curtailment increased the pension liability by $84 million. Active plan participants started receiving additional contributions in the defined contribution plan starting in January 2013.


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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

We also amended the Canadian salaried retiree healthcare plan to eliminate post-65 healthcare benefits for employees retiring on or after July 1, 2014. In conjunction with this change we amended the plan to offer either a monthly monetary payment or an annual lump-sum cash payment to a defined contribution plan for health care in lieu of the benefit coverage provisions formerly provided under the healthcare plan. These amendments decreased the OPEB liability by $28 million.

Remeasurements

In the three months ended March 31, 2012 certain pension plans in GME were remeasured as part of our Goodwill impairment testing, resulting in an increase of $150 million in the pension liability and a pre-tax increase in the net actuarial loss component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Refer to Note 8 for additional information on our Goodwill impairment.

Note 15. Derivative Financial Instruments and Risk Management

Automotive

Derivatives and Hedge Accounting

In accordance with our risk management policy we enter into a variety of foreign currency exchange rate and commodity derivative contracts to manage our exposure to fluctuations in certain foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 our derivative instruments consisted primarily of forward contracts and options, none of which were designated in hedging relationships.

We manage our counterparty credit risk by monitoring the credit ratings of our counterparties and by requiring them to post collateral in certain circumstances. We are also required to post collateral to our counterparties. We are not subject to any covenants requiring the maintenance of certain credit rating levels or credit risk ratios that would require the posting of collateral in the event that such covenants are violated. Master netting agreements are entered into with counterparties that include a provision to allow the set-off of certain amounts in order to manage counterparty credit risk.

At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 no collateral was provided to counterparties; however, we have received collateral from counterparties related to certain derivative instruments. The potential effect from offsetting those derivative assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting agreements is insignificant.

Fair Value of Derivatives

Our policy is to present derivative assets and liabilities on a gross basis. The following table summarizes fair value measurements of our derivative instruments measured on a recurring basis (dollars in millions):
 
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
 
Notional
 
Current(a)
 
Non-Current(b)
 
Total
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Current(c)
 
Non-Current(d)
 
Total
 
Level 2
June 30, 2013
$
9,129

 
$
70

 
$
51

 
$
121

 
$
56

 
$
65

 
$
10

 
$
1

 
$
11

 
$
11

December 31, 2012
$
10,751

 
$
144

 
$
22

 
$
166

 
$
129

 
$
37

 
$
26

 
$
1

 
$
27

 
$
27

________
(a)
Recorded in Other current assets.
(b)
Recorded in Other assets.
(c)
Recorded in Accrued liabilities.
(d)
Recorded in Other liabilities and deferred income taxes.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
We measure the fair value of our portfolio of foreign currency, commodity and embedded derivatives using industry accepted models. The significant Level 2 inputs used in the valuation of our derivatives include spot rates, forward rates, volatility and interest rates. These inputs are obtained from pricing services, broker quotes and other sources.

We are party to agreements in which pricing is affected by movements in commodity prices or currency exchange rates. Therefore we determined these agreements to be derivatives or have embedded derivatives for accounting purposes. The valuations of these derivatives use Level 3 inputs. Unobservable inputs include volume commitments, vehicle mix and forward commodity prices.

The valuations are performed, reviewed and approved by personnel with appropriate expertise in valuation methodologies. For certain derivatives we compare our own valuations with valuations prepared by independent outside parties.

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)


We had derivative instruments measured using Level 3 inputs with balances of $65 million and $56 million at June 30, 2013 and 2012, which included gains of $45 million and $34 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, and losses of $49 million and $88 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012.

Gains (Losses) on Derivatives

The following table summarizes derivative gains (losses) recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net (dollars in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Total gains (losses) recorded in earnings
$
39

 
$
(41
)
 
$
14

 
$
(106
)

Automotive Financing - GM Financial

GM Financial is exposed to market risks arising from adverse changes in interest rates due to floating interest rate exposure on its credit facilities and on certain securitization notes payable and manages this exposure with interest rate swaps and caps. GM Financial had interest rate derivatives in asset positions with notional amounts of $4.7 billion and $775 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. GM Financial had interest rate derivatives in liability positions with notional amounts of $4.8 billion and $775 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. The fair value of these derivative financial instruments was insignificant.

In connection with the closing of the acquisition of certain Ally Financial international operations, GM Financial provided a loan denominated in foreign currencies (Euro, British Pound and Swedish Krona) to an acquired entity for the equivalent of $1.5 billion. In March 2013 GM Financial entered into foreign currency exchange swaps to hedge against any valuation change in the loan due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. At June 30, 2013 the foreign currency exchange swaps in asset and liability positions had notional amounts of $2.0 billion and $1.5 billion. The fair value of the foreign currency exchange swaps was insignificant. Refer to Note 3 for additional information on the acquisition.

Note 16. Commitments and Contingencies

The following tables summarize information related to Commitments and contingencies (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Liability
Recorded
 
Maximum
Liability(a)
 
Liability
Recorded
 
Maximum
Liability(a)
Guarantees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Third party commercial loans and other obligations(b)
$
83

 
$
17,126

 
$
168

 
$
22,496

Other product-related claims
$
52

 
$
1,164

 
$
51

 
$
1,040

________
(a)
Calculated as future undiscounted payments.
(b)
Includes liabilities recorded of $10 million and $15 million and maximum liabilities of $16.1 billion and $22.1 billion related to Ally Financial repurchase obligations at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Liability Recorded
 
Liability Recorded
Other litigation-related liability and tax administrative matters
$
1,811

 
$
1,728

Product liability
$
642

 
$
601

Environmental liability
$
156

 
$
166


Guarantees


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Table of Contents
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

We provide payment guarantees on commercial loans outstanding with third parties, such as dealers or rental car companies. These guarantees either expire in 2018 or are ongoing. We determined the fair value ascribed to the guarantees at inception and subsequent to inception to be insignificant based on the credit worthiness of the third parties.

We have agreements with third parties that guarantee the fulfillment of certain suppliers' commitments and other obligations. These guarantees expire in 2013 through 2016 or are ongoing, or upon the occurrence of specific events.

In some instances certain assets of the party whose debt or performance we have guaranteed may offset, to some degree, the cost of the guarantee. The offset of certain of our payables to guaranteed parties may also offset certain guarantees, if triggered. If vehicles are required to be repurchased under vehicle repurchase obligations, the total exposure would be reduced to the extent vehicles are able to be resold to another dealer.

In connection with certain divestitures of assets or operating businesses, we have entered into agreements indemnifying certain buyers and other parties with respect to environmental conditions and other closure costs pertaining to real property we owned. We periodically enter into agreements that incorporate indemnification provisions in the normal course of business. It is not possible to estimate our maximum exposure under these indemnifications or guarantees due to the conditional nature of these obligations. Immaterial amounts have been recorded for such obligations as the majority of them are not probable or estimable at this time and the fair value of the guarantees at issuance was insignificant.

In addition to the guarantees and indemnifying agreements previously discussed, we indemnify dealers for certain product liability related claims as subsequently discussed.

With respect to other product-related claims involving products manufactured by certain joint ventures, we believe that costs incurred are adequately covered by recorded accruals. These guarantees terminate in years ranging from 2020 to 2026.

Other Litigation-Related Liability and Tax Administrative Matters

Various legal actions, governmental investigations, claims and proceedings are pending against us including matters arising out of alleged product defects; employment-related matters; governmental regulations relating to safety, emissions and fuel economy; product warranties; financial services; dealer, supplier and other contractual relationships; tax-related matters not recorded pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, "Income Taxes" (indirect tax-related matters) and environmental matters.

With regard to the litigation matters discussed in the previous paragraph, reserves have been established for matters in which we believe that losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated, the majority of which are associated with non-U.S. labor-related matters as well as indirect tax-related matters. The various non-U.S. labor-related matters include claims from current and former employees related to alleged unpaid wage, benefit, severance and other compensation matters. Indirect tax-related matters are being litigated globally pertaining to value added taxes, customs, duties, sales, property taxes and other non-income tax related tax exposures. Certain South American administrative proceedings are indirect tax-related and may require that we deposit funds in escrow. Escrow deposits may range from $500 million to $600 million. Some of the matters may involve compensatory, punitive or other treble damage claims, environmental remediation programs or sanctions that, if granted, could require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts that could not be reasonably estimated at June 30, 2013. We believe that appropriate accruals have been established for such matters based on information currently available. Reserves for litigation losses are recorded in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities and deferred income taxes. Litigation is inherently unpredictable however; and unfavorable resolutions could occur. Accordingly it is possible that an adverse outcome from such proceedings could exceed the amounts accrued in an amount that could be material to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in any particular reporting period.

GM Korea Wage Litigation

Commencing on or about September 29, 2010 current and former hourly employees of GM Korea filed eight separate group actions in the Incheon District Court in Incheon, Korea. The cases, which in aggregate involve more than 10,000 employees, allege that GM Korea failed to include certain allowances in its calculation of Ordinary Wages due under the Presidential Decree of the Korean Labor Standards Act. On November 23, 2012 the Seoul High Court (an intermediate level appellate court) issued a decision affirming a decision of the Incheon District Court in a case involving five GM Korea employees which was contrary to GM Korea's position in all of these cases. GM Korea believes the decision of the Seoul High Court is incorrect and has appealed to the Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea and initiated a constitutional challenge to the adverse interpretation of the relevant statute. At June

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

30, 2013 we have an accrual of 811 billion South Korean Won (equivalent to $710 million) in connection with these cases. We do not believe we have any reasonably possible loss, as defined by ASC 450, “Contingencies”, in excess of the amount of the accrual. We are also party to litigation with current and former salary employees over allegations relating to Ordinary Wage regulation, although the issues differ due to differences between hourly and salaried benefit design. For those cases, we have identified a reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued of 154 billion South Korean Won (equivalent to $135 million). Both the scope of claims asserted and GM Korea's assessment of any or all of individual claim elements may change if new information becomes available.

GMCL Dealers' Claim

On February 12, 2010 a claim was filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against General Motors of Canada Limited (GMCL) on behalf of a purported class of over 200 former GMCL dealers (the Plaintiff Dealers) which had entered into wind-down agreements with GMCL. In May 2009 in the context of the global restructuring of the business and the possibility that GMCL might be required to initiate insolvency proceedings, GMCL offered the Plaintiff Dealers the wind-down agreements to assist with their exit from the GMCL dealer network and to facilitate winding down their operations in an orderly fashion by December 31, 2009 or such other date as GMCL approved but no later than on October 31, 2010. The Plaintiff Dealers allege that the Dealer Sales and Service Agreements were wrongly terminated by GMCL and that GMCL failed to comply with certain disclosure obligations, breached its statutory duty of fair dealing and unlawfully interfered with the Plaintiff Dealers' statutory right to associate in an attempt to coerce the Plaintiff Dealers into accepting the wind-down agreements. The Plaintiff Dealers seek damages and assert that the wind-down agreements are rescindable. The Plaintiff Dealers' initial pleading makes reference to a claim “not exceeding” CAD $750 million, without explanation of any specific measure of damages. On March 1, 2011 the court approved certification of a class for the purpose of deciding a number of specifically defined issues including: (1) whether GMCL breached its obligation of "good faith" in offering the wind-down agreements; (2) whether GMCL interfered with the Plaintiff Dealers' rights of free association; (3) whether GMCL was obligated to provide a disclosure statement and/or disclose more specific information regarding its restructuring plans in connection with proffering the wind-down agreements; and (4) assuming liability, whether the Plaintiff Dealers can recover damages in the aggregate (as opposed to proving individual damages). On June 22, 2011 the court granted GMCL permission to appeal the class certification decision. On March 26, 2012 the Ontario Superior Court dismissed GMCL's appeal of the class certification order. Accordingly the case will proceed as a class action. Twenty-nine dealers within the certified class definition have indicated that they will not participate. The current prospects for liability are uncertain, but because liability is not deemed probable we have no accrual relating to this litigation. We cannot estimate the range of reasonably possible loss in the event of liability as the case presents a variety of different legal theories, none of which GMCL believes are valid.

UAW Claim

On April 6, 2010 the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agriculture Implement Workers of America (UAW) filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan claiming that we breached an obligation to contribute $450 million to the UAW Retiree Medical Benefits Trust. The UAW alleges that we were contractually required to make this contribution. The reasonably possible loss is $450 million, which is the amount claimed. We believe that the claim is without merit and we have no accrual relating to this litigation. We believe the UAW's claim is barred by the 2009 UAW Retiree Settlement Agreement approved by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (Bankruptcy Court). We also maintain that Delphi Corporation's bankruptcy plan of reorganization did not fulfill the applicable conditions of the relevant agreement and therefore payment would not be due even in the absence of the 2009 UAW Retiree Settlement Agreement.

Nova Scotia Claims Litigation

We are a participating party-in-interest in proceedings pending in the Bankruptcy Court to adjudicate claims in the Old GM bankruptcy arising from certain securities issued by General Motors Nova Scotia Finance Company (Nova Scotia Finance), an Old GM subsidiary which we did not acquire in 2009 (Nova Scotia Claims Litigation). Although the current proceedings involve no claims against us, they present issues which, depending upon their resolution, could result in future claims against GMCL.

In 2003 Nova Scotia Finance, a Nova Scotia unlimited liability company, issued notes of 600 million British Pounds which were guaranteed by Old GM (Guaranty) (collectively, the Nova Scotia Notes). The proceeds of the Nova Scotia Notes were converted to CAD and loaned by Nova Scotia Finance to GMCL by means of two intercompany loans totaling CAD $1.3 billion. As part of the bankruptcy proceeding these intercompany loans were compromised for CAD $399 million pursuant to a transaction defined by a Lock-Up Agreement between GMCL, Nova Scotia Finance, Old GM and certain holders of the Nova Scotia Notes

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

(Noteholders). The Lock-Up Agreement defined a transaction by which the Noteholders consented to, among other things, the compromise of the intercompany loans in exchange for payment of CAD $399 million as a Consent Fee. The Consent Fee was originally financed by a loan from Old GM to GMCL immediately prior to the Old GM bankruptcy filing. That loan was subsequently repaid. Pursuant to the terms of the Lock-Up Agreement, the Consent Fee did not reduce the principal amount outstanding under the Nova Scotia Notes or the Guaranty. We acquired Old GM's interest in the Lock-Up Agreement in 2009.

In the Nova Scotia Claims Litigation the Noteholders seek an allowed claim in the Old GM bankruptcy based on the Guaranty. The trustee of Nova Scotia Finance seeks an allowed claim in the amount of the deficiency between Nova Scotia Finance's assets and liabilities by reason of the fact that it is an unlimited liability company and Old GM was its sole shareholder. The claim asserted by the trustee includes sums allegedly owed by Nova Scotia Finance to us by reason of currency swaps entered into between Old GM and Nova Scotia Finance which we contend we acquired from Old GM in 2009. Allowance of the claims is opposed by the GUC Trust which asserts that the claims of the trustee and Noteholders are duplicative, that they should be reduced by the amount of the Consent Fee and/or that they should be equitably subordinated or equitably disallowed by reason of alleged inequitable conduct by the Noteholders. In support of this position the GUC Trust has asserted that the Lock-Up Agreement is void because it was not approved by the Bankruptcy Court and was funded by Old GM, that we did not acquire MLC's interest in the Lock-Up Agreements and currency swaps and that other aspects of the sale of assets to us on July 10, 2009 may be adjusted to permit disallowance or reduction of the claims of the Noteholders and the trustee. The trial is largely complete and final argument has been scheduled for October 9, 2013. The timing of any decision is uncertain.

Although we believe the positions taken by the GUC Trust are without merit, it is reasonably possible that the Bankruptcy Court will issue rulings adverse to our interest in the Nova Scotia Claims Litigation. Such rulings could lead to subsequent claims which, although we believe would be without merit, could adversely impact GMCL's compromise of the intercompany loans. It is impossible to estimate the reasonably possible loss which would depend upon a variety of factors including the outcome of additional litigation. However the compromise of the intercompany loans for CAD $399 million resulted in a savings to GMCL of CAD $935 million (equivalent to $887 million) which we believe represents a reasonable estimate of the approximate amount of the maximum reasonably possible loss.

Product Liability

With respect to product liability claims involving our and Old GM's products, we believe that any judgment against us for actual damages will be adequately covered by our recorded accruals and, where applicable, excess liability insurance coverage. Although punitive damages are claimed in some of these lawsuits and such claims are inherently unpredictable, accruals incorporate historic experience with these types of claims. Liabilities have been recorded for the expected cost of all known product liability claims plus an estimate of the expected cost for product liability claims that have already been incurred and are expected to be filed in the future for which we are self-insured. These amounts were recorded in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities and deferred income taxes.

We indemnify dealers for certain product liability related claims including products sold by Old GM. We monitor actual claims experience and make periodic adjustments to our estimates. Based on both management's judgment concerning the projected number and value of both dealer indemnification obligations and product liability claims, we have applied actuarial methodologies and estimated the liability. We expect our product liability reserve to rise in future periods as new claims arise from incidents subsequent to July 9, 2009.

We have identified an emissions compliance issue with the Tavera produced in India. We have self-reported this issue to local government authorities and will cooperate with any review they may conduct. It is too early to determine the impact this issue will have on the Company or our Indian operations.

Environmental Liability

Automotive operations, like operations of other companies engaged in similar businesses, are subject to a wide range of environmental protection laws, including laws regulating air emissions, water discharges, waste management and environmental remediation.

Liabilities have been recorded for the expected costs to be paid over the periods of remediation for the applicable sites, which typically range from five to 30 years.


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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

The final outcome of environmental matters cannot be predicted with certainty at this time. Subsequent adjustments to initial estimates are recorded as necessary based upon additional information obtained. In future periods new laws or regulations, advances in remediation technologies and additional information about the ultimate remediation methodology to be used could significantly change our estimates. It is possible that the resolution of one or more environmental matters could exceed the amounts accrued in an amount that could be material to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. At June 30, 2013 we estimate the remediation losses could range from $120 million to $240 million.

Brazil Excise Tax Incentive

In October 2012 the Brazilian government issued a decree which increased an excise tax rate by 30 percentage points, but also provided an offsetting tax incentive that requires participating companies to meet certain criteria, such as local investment and fuel efficiency standards. Participating companies that fail to meet the required criteria are subject to clawback provisions and fines. At June 30, 2013 we believe it is reasonably assured that the program requirements will be met based on the current business model and available technologies.

GME Planned Spending Guarantee

As part of our Opel/Vauxhall restructuring plan agreed to with European labor representatives we have committed to achieving specified milestones associated with planned spending from 2011 to 2014 on certain product programs. If we fail to accomplish the requirements set out under the agreement we will be required to pay certain amounts up to Euro 265 million for each of those years, and/or interest on those amounts, to our employees. Certain inventory with a carrying amount of $179 million and $186 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 was pledged as collateral under the agreement. Through June 30, 2013 spending was sufficient to meet the current requirements under the agreement and the specified milestones have been accomplished. Management has the intent and believes it has the ability to meet the future requirements under the agreement.

Note 17. Income Taxes

For interim income tax reporting we estimate our annual effective tax rate and apply it to our year to date ordinary income (loss). Tax jurisdictions with a projected or year to date loss for which a tax benefit cannot be realized are excluded. The tax effects of unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, are reported in the interim period in which they occur.

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 income tax expense of $742 million and $241 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation. In the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 income tax expense of $1.2 billion and $457 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation, partially offset by the U.S. research credit legislated in the three months ended March 31, 2013. The income tax expense increased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 due primarily to U.S. and Canada entities having full valuation allowances on deferred tax assets in 2012, which also caused the effective tax rate in the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 to be lower than the applicable statutory tax rate.

We have open tax years from 2005 to 2012 with various significant tax jurisdictions. In April 2013 we settled a previously disclosed Mexican income tax matter covering the years 2002, 2003 and 2004 for $36 million.

Note 18. Restructuring and Other Initiatives

We have previously executed various restructuring and other initiatives, and we plan to execute additional initiatives in the future, if necessary, in order to align manufacturing capacity and other costs with prevailing global automotive production and to improve the utilization of remaining facilities. To the extent these programs involve voluntary separations, no liabilities are generally recorded until offers to employees are accepted. If employees are involuntarily terminated, a liability is generally recorded at the communication date. Related charges are recorded in Automotive cost of sales and Automotive selling, general and administrative expense.

The following tables summarize the reserves related to restructuring and other initiatives and charges by segment, including postemployment benefit reserves and charges (dollars in millions):

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Total
Balance at January 1, 2013
$
653

 
$
590

 
$
39

 
$
38

 
$
1,320

Additions, interest accretion and other
27

 
35

 
2

 
22

 
86

Payments
(58
)
 
(116
)
 
(26
)
 
(12
)
 
(212
)
Revisions to estimates
13

 

 
(1
)
 

 
12

Effect of foreign currency
(6
)
 
(14
)
 

 
1

 
(19
)
Balance at March 31, 2013
629

 
495

 
14

 
49

 
1,187

Additions, interest accretion and other
12

 
31

 
15

 
12

 
70

Payments
(56
)
 
(80
)
 
(13
)
 
(34
)
 
(183
)
Revisions to estimates
(16
)
 
(2
)
 

 

 
(18
)
Effect of foreign currency
(10
)
 
6

 
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
(7
)
Balance at June 30, 2013(a)
$
559

 
$
450

 
$
15

 
$
25

 
$
1,049


 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Total
Balance at January 1, 2012
$
884

 
$
687

 
$
1

 
$
12

 
$
1,584

Additions, interest accretion and other
100

 
31

 
3

 
2

 
136

Payments
(86
)
 
(192
)
 

 
(8
)
 
(286
)
Revisions to estimates
(12
)
 
(2
)
 

 

 
(14
)
Effect of foreign currency
8

 
16

 

 

 
24

Balance at March 31, 2012
894

 
540

 
4

 
6

 
1,444

Additions, interest accretion and other
16

 
56

 
27

 
73

 
172

Payments
(123
)
 
(43
)
 
(5
)
 
(13
)
 
(184
)
Revisions to estimates

 
(7
)
 

 

 
(7
)
Effect of foreign currency
(8
)
 
(26
)
 

 
1

 
(33
)
Balance at June 30, 2012(a)
$
779

 
$
520

 
$
26

 
$
67

 
$
1,392

________
(a)
The remaining cash payments related to these reserves for restructuring and other initiatives, including temporary layoff benefits of $346 million and $363 million at June 30, 2013 and 2012 for GMNA, primarily relate to postemployment benefits.

Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2013

GMNA recorded charges, interest accretion and other and revisions to estimates primarily related to cash severance incentive programs for skilled trade U.S. hourly employees.

Due to the expected closure of the Oshawa Consolidated Plant in August 2014, impacted employees will be eligible for a voluntary restructuring separation incentive program in accordance with the existing collective bargaining agreement that provides cash and a car voucher. This may range up to $70 million and will be included in our restructuring liability, net of existing liabilities, upon irrevocable acceptance by both parties.

GME recorded charges, interest accretion and other and revisions to estimates for previously announced separation and early retirement programs. Through June 30, 2013 the active separation programs related to Germany and the United Kingdom had a total cost of $93 million and had affected a total of 625 employees. We expect to complete these programs in 2013 and incur an additional $140 million, which will affect an additional 540 employees.

GMIO recorded charges, interest accretion and other and revisions to estimates for previously announced separation programs in Korea and Australia. Through June 30, 2013 the active separation programs related to Korea and Australia had a total cost of $48 million and had affected a total of 400 employees.


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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

GMSA recorded charges for active separation programs. Through June 30, 2013 the active separation programs related to Brazil had a total cost of $92 million.

Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2012

GMNA recorded charges, interest accretion and other and revisions to estimates primarily related to our 2011 UAW labor agreement that included cash severance incentive programs which were completed at March 31, 2012 for skilled trade U.S. hourly employees. A total of 1,400 skilled trade U.S. hourly employees participated in these programs at a total cost of $99 million and was recorded upon irrevocable acceptances by both parties. Substantially all of the program cost was recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2012.

GME recorded charges, interest accretion and other and revisions to estimates primarily related to previously announced separation and early retirement programs in Germany. Through June 30, 2012 the separation programs had a total cost of $313 million and affected a total of 1,900 employees.

In the three months ended June 30, 2012 GMIO recorded charges and interest accretion and other for previously announced separation programs in Korea.

In the three months ended June 30, 2012 GMSA recorded charges for employee separation costs related to a separation program in Brazil.

Note 19. Stockholders' Equity

Preferred and Common Stock

We have 2.0 billion shares of preferred stock and 5.0 billion shares of common stock authorized for issuance. We had 276 million shares of Series A preferred stock, 100 million shares of Series B preferred stock and 1.4 billion shares of common stock issued and outstanding at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes the components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss (dollars in millions):

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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
Pre-Tax Amount
 
Tax Expense (Benefit)
 
Net Amount
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2013
$
112

 
$
11

 
$
101

Other comprehensive loss
(292
)
 
(49
)
 
(243
)
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
11

 

 
11

Balance at June 30, 2013
$
(169
)
 
$
(38
)
 
$
(131
)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities, Net
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2013
$
63

 
$
22

 
$
41

Other comprehensive loss
(34
)
 
(16
)
 
(18
)
Balance at June 30, 2013
$
29

 
$
6

 
$
23

Defined Benefit Plans, Net
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2013
$
(7,794
)
 
$
400

 
$
(8,194
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification adjustment
186

 
15

 
171

Reclassification adjustment - prior service credit(a)
(58
)
 
(23
)
 
(35
)
Reclassification adjustment - actuarial loss(a)
152

 
26

 
126

Other comprehensive income
280

 
18

 
262

Balance at June 30, 2013
$
(7,514
)
 
$
418

 
$
(7,932
)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2013
$
(7,619
)
 
$
433

 
$
(8,052
)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassification adjustment
(109
)
 
(43
)
 
(66
)
Reclassification adjustment
63

 
(4
)
 
67

Other comprehensive income (loss)
(46
)
 
(47
)
 
1

Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
11

 

 
11

Balance at June 30, 2013
$
(7,654
)
 
$
386

 
$
(8,040
)
________
(a)
Included in the computation of net periodic pension and OPEB cost. Refer to Note 14 for additional information.

Note 20. Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing Net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding in the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities that are outstanding.

The following table summarizes basic and diluted earnings per share (in millions, except for per share amounts):

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Basic earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to stockholders
$
1,414

 
$
1,846

 
$
2,589

 
$
3,161

Less: cumulative dividends on preferred stock(a)
(214
)
 
(214
)
 
(429
)
 
(429
)
Less: undistributed earnings allocated to Series B Preferred Stock participating security

 
(145
)
 

 
(241
)
Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
1,200

 
$
1,487

 
$
2,160

 
$
2,491

Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic
1,376

 
1,569

 
1,374

 
1,571

Basic earnings per common share
$
0.87

 
$
0.95

 
$
1.57

 
$
1.59

Diluted earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
 

Net income attributable to stockholders
$
1,414

 
$
1,846

 
$
2,589

 
$
3,161

Add: preferred dividends to holders of Series B Preferred Stock
60

 


 
118

 


Less: cumulative dividends on preferred stock(a)
(214
)
 
(214
)
 
(429
)
 
(429
)
Less: undistributed earnings allocated to Series B Preferred Stock participating security


 
(136
)
 


 
(226
)
Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
1,260

 
$
1,496

 
$
2,278

 
$
2,506

Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic
1,376

 
1,569

 
1,374

 
1,571

Dilutive effect of warrants
147

 
98

 
140

 
106

Dilutive effect of conversion of Series B Preferred Stock
151

 


 
151

 


Dilutive effect of restricted stock units (RSUs)
3

 
4

 
3

 
4

Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted
1,677

 
1,671

 
1,668

 
1,681

Diluted earnings per common share
$
0.75

 
$
0.90

 
$
1.37

 
$
1.49

________
(a)
Includes earned but undistributed dividends of $26 million on our Series A Preferred Stock and $20 million on our Series B Preferred Stock in the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

Our Series B Preferred Stock is a participating security and requires the application of the more dilutive of the two-class or if-converted method to calculate earnings per share when the applicable market value of our common stock is below or above the range of $33.00 to $39.60 per common share. We are required to use the if-converted method to calculate earnings per share when the applicable market value of our common stock is within this range. The applicable market value of our common stock is the average closing prices over the 40 consecutive trading day period ending on the third trading day immediately preceding the reporting period end date. Under the two-class method, undistributed earnings are allocated to common stock and the Series B Preferred Stock according to their respective participation rights in undistributed earnings, as if all the earnings for the period had been distributed, resulting in a lower basic and diluted earnings per share amount. The calculation of the applicable market value at the date of our financial statements will apply to the current quarter and the year to date periods presented, irrespective of the applicable market value computed during the prior quarters of the current year. Our calculation of earnings per share will vary from period to period depending on whether the two-class or if-converted method is required.

In the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 the applicable market value of our common stock was within the range of $33.00 to $39.60 per common share and, as such, we applied the if-converted method for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share. The dilutive effect of the Series B Preferred Stock was determined by assuming conversion of the securities at the beginning of the period resulting in an increase to the weighted-average common shares outstanding and an increase to Net income attributable to common stockholders from adding the accumulated dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock. The impact on diluted earnings per share is an increase of $0.03 and $0.08 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 using the if-converted as compared to the two-class method. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 we were required to use the two-class method for calculating basic and diluted earnings per share because the applicable market value of our common stock was below $33.00 per common share.


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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

In the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 warrants to purchase 46 million shares were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the warrants' exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares.

Note 21. Stock Incentive Plans

Long-Term Incentive Plan

We granted 7 million RSUs valued at the grant date fair value of our common stock in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. Substantially all of these awards vest over a three-year service period, as defined in the terms of each award. Our policy is to issue new shares upon settlement of RSUs.

The 2013 awards granted to the Top 25 highest compensated employees will settle on the second and third anniversary dates of grant in 25% increments consistent with the terms of the 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan. The awards for the Next 75 highest compensated employees will settle on the second and third anniversary dates of grant. The awards to the non-Top 100 highest compensated employees will settle on the first, second and third anniversary dates of grant. Vesting and subsequent settlement will generally occur based upon employment at the end of each specified service period.

The 2012 awards granted to the Top 25 highest compensated employees will settle on the second and third anniversary dates of grant in 25% increments consistent with the terms of the 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan. The awards for the non-Top 25 highest compensated employees will vest and settle on the second and third anniversary dates of grant. Vesting and subsequent settlement will generally occur based upon employment at the end of each specified service period.

Salary Stock Plan

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 a portion of each participant's salary accrued on each salary payment date converted to RSUs on a quarterly basis. In March 2012 we amended the plan to provide for cash settlement of awards and reclassified $97 million from Additional paid-in capital to Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities and deferred income taxes. Prior to this amendment it was our policy to issue new shares upon settlement of these awards. In June 2013 we amended the plan to provide for cash or share settlement of awards based on election by the participant. The liability for these awards continues to be remeasured to fair value at the end of each reporting period.

RSUs

The following table summarizes information about the RSUs under our stock incentive plans (RSUs in millions):
 
Shares
 
Weighted-
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term in Years
RSUs outstanding at January 1, 2013
26.9

 
$
23.06

 
0.7
Granted
8.0

 
$
28.10

 
 
Settled
(14.6
)
 
$
20.55

 
 
Forfeited or expired
(0.6
)
 
$
26.53

 
 
RSUs outstanding at June 30, 2013
19.7

 
$
26.86

 
1.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
RSUs unvested and expected to vest at June 30, 2013
11.9

 
$
27.79

 
2.1
RSUs vested and payable at June 30, 2013
6.7

 
$
25.12

 

The following table summarizes compensation expense recorded for our stock incentive plans (dollars in millions):

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Compensation expense
$
77

 
$
55

 
$
141

 
$
127

Income tax benefit
$
25

 
$

 
$
45

 
$


At June 30, 2013 the total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards was $262 million. This expense is expected to be recorded over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years.

The total fair value of RSUs that vested in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $239 million and $82 million.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 total payments of $61 million were made to settle 2.2 million RSUs under stock incentive plans. Payments made in the six months ended June 30, 2012 were insignificant.

Note 22. Segment Reporting

We analyze the results of our business through our five segments: GMNA, GME, GMIO, GMSA and GM Financial. The chief operating decision maker evaluates the operating results and performance of our automotive segments through Income (loss) before interest and income taxes, as adjusted for additional amounts, which are presented net of noncontrolling interests, and evaluates GM Financial through income before income taxes. Each segment has a manager responsible for executing our strategies. Our automotive manufacturing operations are integrated within the segments, benefit from broad-based trade agreements and are subject to regulatory requirements, such as Corporate Average Fuel Economy regulations. While not all vehicles within a segment are individually profitable on a fully allocated cost basis, those vehicles are needed in our product mix in order to attract customers to dealer showrooms and to maintain sales volumes for other, more profitable vehicles. Because of these and other factors, we do not manage our business on an individual brand or vehicle basis.

In the three months ended March 31, 2013 we changed our managerial and financial reporting structure to measure our reportable segments revenue and profitability based on the geographic area in which we sell vehicles to third party customers. We record certain transactions between our automotive and finance segments as intersegment activity and eliminate them in consolidation. The new reporting structure provides clearer profit and revenue visibility across geographic areas and identifies our profitability at the point of sale. Previously, it was based on the geographic area in which the vehicles originated and our managerial and financial reporting structure included intercompany sales and cost of sales in our segment results. Certain expenses such as engineering, warranty, recall campaigns and selling, general and administrative are allocated to the geographic area in which the vehicle is sold to third party customers. We have retrospectively revised the segment presentation for all periods presented.

Substantially all of the cars, trucks and parts produced are marketed through retail dealers in North America, and through distributors and dealers outside of North America, the substantial majority of which are independently owned.

In addition to the products sold to dealers for consumer retail sales, cars and trucks are also sold to fleet customers, including daily rental car companies, commercial fleet customers, leasing companies and governments. Sales to fleet customers are completed through the network of dealers and in some cases sold directly to fleet customers. Retail and fleet customers can obtain a wide range of aftersale vehicle services and products through the dealer network, such as maintenance, light repairs, collision repairs, vehicle accessories and extended service warranties.

GMNA primarily meets the demands of customers in North America with vehicles developed, manufactured and/or marketed under the following four brands:
•     Buick
•     Cadillac
•      Chevrolet
•      GMC

The demands of customers outside of North America are primarily met with vehicles developed, manufactured and/or marketed under the following brands:
•     Buick
•     Chevrolet
•      Holden
•      Vauxhall
•     Cadillac
•     GMC
•      Opel
 


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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

At June 30, 2013 we also had equity ownership stakes directly or indirectly in entities through various regional subsidiaries, primarily in Asia. These companies design, manufacture and market vehicles under the following brands:
•     Alpheon
•     Buick
•     Chevrolet
•      Wuling
•     Baojun
•     Cadillac
•     Jiefang
 

All intersegment balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The following tables summarize key financial information by segment (dollars in millions):
 
At and For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Corporate
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
External customers
$
23,489

 
$
5,154

 
$
5,250

 
$
4,308

 
$
39

 
$

 
$
38,240

 
$

 
$

 
$
38,240

GM Financial revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
836

 
(1
)
 
835

Intersegment
6

 

 

 

 

 

 
6

 

 
(6
)
 

Total net sales and revenue
$
23,495

 
$
5,154

 
$
5,250

 
$
4,308

 
$
39

 
$

 
$
38,246

 
$
836

 
$
(7
)
 
$
39,075

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted
$
1,976

 
$
(110
)
 
$
228

 
$
54

 
$
(126
)
 
$

 
$
2,022

 
$
254

 
$

 
$
2,276

Adjustments(a)
$
37

 
$

 
$
67

 
$

 

 
$

 
$
104

 

 
$

 
104

Corporate interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
81

 
 
 
 
 


 
$
(4
)
 
77

Automotive interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
63

 
 
 
 
 


 
$
(2
)
 
61

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
240

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
240

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(348
)
 
 
 
 
 
254

 
 
 
2,156

Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
662

 
 
 
 
 
80

 
 
 
742

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(1,010
)
 
 
 
 
 
$
174

 
 
 
$
1,414

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
90,733

 
$
11,285

 
$
25,775

 
$
11,839

 
$
21,711

 
$
(27,172
)
 
$
134,171

 
$
30,786

 
$
(1,847
)
 
$
163,110

________
(a)
Consists of the acquisition of GM Korea preferred shares of $67 million in GMIO and pension settlement credits of $37 million in GMNA.
 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Corporate
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
External customers
$
46,468

 
$
9,972

 
$
10,070

 
$
7,999

 
$
75

 
$
74,584

 
$

 
$

 
$
74,584

GM Financial revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 
1,376

 
(1
)
 
1,375

Intersegment
6

 

 

 

 

 
6

 

 
(6
)
 

Total net sales and revenue
$
46,474

 
$
9,972

 
$
10,070

 
$
7,999

 
$
75

 
$
74,590

 
$
1,376

 
$
(7
)
 
$
75,959

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted
$
3,390

 
$
(285
)
 
$
723

 
$
16

 
$
(236
)
 
$
3,608

 
$
434

 
$

 
$
4,042

Adjustments(a)
$
(1
)
 
$
1

 
$
91

 
$
(157
)
 

 
$
(66
)
 

 
$

 
(66
)
Corporate interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
160

 
 
 


 
$
(4
)
 
156

Automotive interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
154

 
 
 


 
$
(2
)
 
152

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
240

 
 
 

 
 
 
240

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(470
)
 
 
 
434

 
 
 
3,740

Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,004

 
 
 
147

 
 
 
1,151

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(1,474
)
 
 
 
$
287

 
 
 
$
2,589

________
(a)
Consists of Venezuela currency devaluation of $162 million in GMSA and the acquisition of GM Korea preferred shares of $67 million and net pension settlement charges and income related to various insurance recoveries, net, of $29 million.


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GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS —— (Continued)

 
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Corporate
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
External customers
$
21,553

 
$
5,532

 
$
5,915

 
$
4,117

 
$
10

 
$
37,127

 
$

 
$

 
$
37,127

GM Financial revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 
487

 

 
487

Intersegment
(1
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1
)
 

 
1

 

Total net sales and revenue
$
21,552

 
$
5,532

 
$
5,915

 
$
4,117

 
$
10

 
$
37,126

 
$
487

 
$
1

 
$
37,614

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted
$
1,891

 
$
(394
)
 
$
627

 
$
16

 
$
(238
)
 
$
1,902

 
$
217

 
$

 
$
2,119

Corporate interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
86

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
86

Automotive interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
118

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
118

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(270
)
 
 
 
217

 
 
 
2,087

Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
132

 
 
 
109

 
 
 
241

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(402
)
 
 
 
$
108

 
 
 
$
1,846


 
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2012
 
GMNA
 
GME
 
GMIO
 
GMSA
 
Corporate
 
Total
Automotive
 
GM
Financial
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
External customers
$
44,728

 
$
10,787

 
$
10,931

 
$
7,984

 
$
25

 
$
74,455

 
$

 
$

 
$
74,455

GM Financial revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 
918

 

 
918

Intersegment
(1
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1
)
 

 
1

 

Total net sales and revenue
$
44,727

 
$
10,787

 
$
10,931

 
$
7,984

 
$
25

 
$
74,454

 
$
918

 
$
1

 
$
75,373

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted
$
3,533

 
$
(688
)
 
$
1,148

 
$
169

 
$
(259
)
 
$
3,903

 
$
398

 
$

 
$
4,301

Adjustments(a)
$

 
$
(590
)
 
$
(22
)
 
$

 

 
$
(612
)
 

 
$

 
(612
)
Corporate interest income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
175

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
175

Automotive interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
228

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
228

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18

 
 
 

 
 
 
18

Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(330
)
 
 
 
398

 
 
 
3,618

Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
274

 
 
 
183

 
 
 
457

Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(604
)
 
 
 
$
215

 
 
 
$
3,161

________
(a)
Consists of Goodwill impairment charges of $590 million in GME and $22 million in GMIO, which is presented net of noncontrolling interests.


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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General Motors Company is sometimes referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as “we,” “our,” “us,” “ourselves,” the “Company,” “General Motors” or “GM.”

Basis of Presentation

This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (2012 Form 10-K), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

In the three months ended March 31, 2013 we changed our managerial and financial reporting structure to measure our reportable segments revenue and profitability based on the geographic area in which we sell vehicles to third party customers. We record certain transactions between our automotive and finance segments as intersegment activity and eliminate them in consolidation. The new reporting structure provides clearer profit and revenue visibility across geographic areas and identifies our profitability at the point of sale. Previously, it was based on the geographic area in which the vehicles originated and our managerial and financial reporting structure included intercompany sales and cost of sales in our segment results. Certain expenses such as engineering, warranty, recall campaigns and selling, general and administrative are allocated to the geographic area in which the vehicle is sold to third party customers. We have retrospectively revised the segment presentation for all periods presented.

Wholesale vehicle sales represent deliveries to our dealers and others and correlate to our Net sales and revenue. Retail sales represent deliveries to end customers and are used to estimate our market share. Consistent with industry practice, market share information includes estimates of industry sales in certain countries where public reporting is not legally required or otherwise available on a consistent basis.

Overview

Automotive

Our vision is to design, build and sell the world's best vehicles. We offer a global vehicle portfolio of cars, crossovers and trucks. We are committed to leadership in vehicle design, quality, reliability, telematics and infotainment and safety, as well as to developing key energy efficiency and diversity and advanced propulsion technologies, including electric vehicles. Our business is diversified across products and geographic markets. We meet the local sales and service needs of our retail and fleet customers with a global network of independent dealers. In the six months ended June 30, 2013, 55.3% of our wholesale vehicle sales volume was generated outside the U.S.

We analyze the results of our automotive business through our four geographically-based segments:

GM North America (GMNA) has sales, manufacturing and distribution operations in the U.S., Canada and Mexico and sales and distribution operations in Central America and the Caribbean. GMNA represented 51.5% of our wholesale vehicle sales volume in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and we had the largest market share, based upon retail vehicle sales, in North America at 17.2%.
GM Europe (GME) has sales, manufacturing and distribution operations across Western and Central Europe. GME's wholesale vehicle sales volume, which in addition to Western and Central Europe, includes Eastern Europe (including Russia and the other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States among others) represented 16.5% of our wholesale vehicle sales volume in the six months ended June 30, 2013. In the six months ended June 30, 2013 we estimate we had the number four market share, based upon retail vehicle sales, in Europe at 8.4%. GM International Operations (GMIO) distributes Chevrolet brand vehicles in Europe. These vehicles are reported within market share for Europe, but wholesale vehicle sales volume is recorded by GMIO.
GMIO has sales, manufacturing and distribution operations in Asia/Pacific, the Middle East, Africa and Eastern Europe (including Russia and the other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States among others). GMIO represented 16.0% of our wholesale vehicle sales volume in the six months ended June 30, 2013. The Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa region is our largest region by retail vehicle sales volume and represented 39.5% of our global retail vehicle sales volume in the six months ended June 30, 2013. In the six months ended June 30, 2013 we estimate we had the number two market share, based upon retail vehicle sales, in Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa at 9.4%. In the six months ended June

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30, 2013 we had market share of 14.5%, based upon retail vehicle sales, in China. GMIO records the wholesale unit volume and financial results of Chevrolet brand vehicles that it distributes and sells in Europe.
GM South America (GMSA) has sales, manufacturing, distribution and/or financing operations in Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela as well as sales and distribution operations in Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. GMSA represented 16.0% of our wholesale vehicle sales volume in the six months ended June 30, 2013. In the six months ended June 30, 2013 GMSA derived 64.8% of its wholesale vehicle sales volume from Brazil. In the six months ended June 30, 2013 we estimate we had the number one market share, based upon retail vehicle sales, in South America at 17.2% and the number three market share, based upon retail vehicle sales, in Brazil at 17.0%.

Alliance with Peugeot S.A. (PSA)

In February 2012 we entered into an agreement with PSA to create a long-term and broad-scale global strategic alliance that is expected to leverage the combined strengths and capabilities of the two companies, contribute to our profitability and improve our competitiveness in Europe. In March 2012 we acquired a seven percent equity stake in PSA. In June 2012 we entered into a long-term exclusive service agreement with Gefco, a wholly-owned subsidiary of PSA, to provide logistics services in Europe beginning in 2013. In December 2012 PSA sold its controlling interest in Gefco to an unrelated third party; however, the sale has no impact on the long-term exclusive service agreement. In December 2012 we entered into a product development agreement with PSA to collaborate on the development of certain vehicle platforms, components and modules. As a result of this agreement, in the three months ended March 31, 2013 we acquired the rights to certain intellectual property and technology for total consideration of $0.6 billion. Consideration of $0.2 billion was paid in cash in May 2013 with the remaining consideration to be paid in cash or in-kind exchanges by May 2018. The acquired rights were recorded at the present value of the total payments to be made as technology and intellectual property of $0.6 billion. At June 30, 2013 the carrying amount of our investment in PSA was $0.2 billion.

Restructuring Activities and Special Attrition Programs, Labor Agreements and Benefit Plan Changes

We have previously executed various restructuring and other initiatives, and we plan to execute additional initiatives in the future, if necessary, in order to align manufacturing capacity and other costs with prevailing global automotive production and to improve the utilization of remaining facilities.

In March and April 2013 we finalized labor agreements in Germany and Spain, which will limit or eliminate labor cost increases at our facilities in those countries in 2013 and for the next several years. In addition to our active restructuring programs in Germany and the United Kingdom we plan to terminate all vehicle production at our Bochum, Germany facility by the end of 2014 to reduce employee headcount and manufacturing capacity. We are in arbitration with the labor union to finalize the terms of any severance program to be offered to Bochum employees. Refer to Note 18 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for details regarding restructuring activities and other initiatives.

Refer to Note 14 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for details regarding benefit plan changes.

Wholesale and Retail Vehicle Sales

Wholesale vehicle sales data, which represents sales directly to dealers and others, is the measure that correlates vehicle sales to our revenue from the sale of vehicles, which is the largest component of Automotive sales and revenue. Wholesale vehicle sales exclude vehicles produced by unconsolidated joint ventures. Retail vehicle sales data, which represents estimated sales to the end customer, including fleets, does not correlate directly to the revenue we recognize during the period. However, retail vehicle sales data is indicative of the underlying demand for our vehicles, is the basis for our market share, and is based upon the good faith estimates of management and includes all sales by joint ventures on a total vehicle basis, not based on the percentage of ownership in the joint venture. Market share information is based primarily on retail vehicle sales volume, but estimates may be used where retail vehicle sales volume is not available. Worldwide market share and retail vehicle sales data exclude the markets of Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria.

We present both wholesale and retail vehicle sales data to assist in the analysis of our revenue and our market share.

The joint venture agreements with SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (SGMW) and FAW-GM Light Duty Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd. (FAW-GM) allow for significant rights as a member as well as the contractual right to report SGMW and FAW-GM joint venture sales in China.

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Wholesale Vehicle Sales

The following table summarizes total wholesale vehicle sales of new vehicles by automotive segment (vehicles in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
GMNA
809

 
49.7
%
 
760

 
47.2
%
 
1,638

 
51.5
%
 
1,608

 
50.1
%
GME
276

 
16.9
%
 
290

 
18.0
%
 
525

 
16.5
%
 
556

 
17.4
%
GMIO
268

 
16.4
%
 
295

 
18.3
%
 
511

 
16.0
%
 
538

 
16.8
%
GMSA
278

 
17.0
%
 
265

 
16.5
%
 
511

 
16.0
%
 
502

 
15.7
%
Worldwide
1,631

 
100.0
%
 
1,610

 
100.0
%
 
3,185

 
100.0
%
 
3,204

 
100.0
%
    
Retail Vehicle Sales and Competitive Position

The following table summarizes total industry retail sales volume, or estimated sales volume where retail sales volume is not available, of new vehicles of domestic and foreign makes and the related competitive position by geographic region (vehicles in thousands):
 
Vehicle Sales(a)(b)(c)
Three Months Ended
 
Vehicle Sales(a)(b)(c)
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
 
Industry
 
GM
 
GM as
a % of
Industry
North America
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
4,207

 
755

 
18.0
%
 
3,885

 
707

 
18.2
%
 
7,960

 
1,420

 
17.8
%
 
7,427

 
1,316

 
17.7
%
Other
888

 
125

 
14.1
%
 
829

 
113

 
13.6
%
 
1,581

 
221

 
14.0
%
 
1,515

 
209

 
13.8
%
Total North America
5,094

 
880

 
17.3
%
 
4,714

 
820

 
17.4
%
 
9,542

 
1,642

 
17.2
%
 
8,942

 
1,524

 
17.0
%
Europe
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United Kingdom
636

 
74

 
11.7
%
 
565

 
68

 
12.0
%
 
1,321

 
155

 
11.7
%
 
1,205

 
138

 
11.5
%
Germany
907

 
70

 
7.7
%
 
943

 
76

 
8.1
%
 
1,644

 
124

 
7.6
%
 
1,792

 
140

 
7.8
%
Russia
731

 
64

 
8.8
%
 
817

 
80

 
9.8
%
 
1,362

 
121

 
8.9
%
 
1,447

 
136

 
9.4
%
Other
2,734

 
216

 
7.9
%
 
2,858

 
231

 
8.1
%
 
5,195

 
398

 
7.7
%
 
5,612

 
438

 
7.8
%
Total Europe
5,008

 
425

 
8.5
%
 
5,184

 
455

 
8.8
%
 
9,522

 
797

 
8.4
%
 
10,055

 
853

 
8.5
%
Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
China(d)
5,404

 
751

 
13.9
%
 
4,846

 
672

 
13.9
%
 
10,822

 
1,567

 
14.5
%
 
9,741

 
1,417

 
14.5
%
Other(d)
4,554

 
174

 
3.8
%
 
4,552

 
190

 
4.2
%
 
9,588

 
350

 
3.6
%
 
9,557

 
374

 
3.9
%
Total Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa
9,958

 
925

 
9.3
%
 
9,398

 
862

 
9.2
%
 
20,411

 
1,917

 
9.4
%
 
19,297

 
1,791

 
9.3
%
South America
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brazil
968

 
164

 
17.0
%
 
898

 
154

 
17.1
%
 
1,799

 
305

 
17.0
%
 
1,717

 
291

 
16.9
%
Other
560

 
97

 
17.4
%
 
504

 
100

 
19.9
%
 
1,092

 
191

 
17.5
%
 
1,042

 
211

 
20.2
%
Total South America
1,529

 
262

 
17.1
%
 
1,403

 
254

 
18.1
%
 
2,891

 
497

 
17.2
%
 
2,759

 
502

 
18.2
%
Total Worldwide
21,589

 
2,492

 
11.5
%
 
20,699

 
2,392

 
11.6
%
 
42,365

 
4,853

 
11.5
%
 
41,053

 
4,670

 
11.4
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cars
2,032

 
299

 
14.7
%
 
1,927

 
296

 
15.4
%
 
3,887

 
556

 
14.3
%
 
3,719

 
552

 
14.8
%
Trucks
1,119

 
267

 
23.8
%
 
1,009

 
236

 
23.4
%
 
2,062

 
495

 
24.0
%
 
1,924

 
444

 
23.1
%
Crossovers
1,055

 
190

 
18.0
%
 
950

 
176

 
18.5
%
 
2,011

 
370

 
18.4
%
 
1,783

 
320

 
17.9
%
Total United States
4,207

 
755

 
18.0
%
 
3,885

 
707

 
18.2
%
 
7,960

 
1,420

 
17.8
%
 
7,427

 
1,316

 
17.7
%
________
(a)
North America vehicle sales primarily represent sales to the end customer. Europe, Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa and South America vehicle sales primarily represent estimated sales to the end customer. In countries where end customer data is not readily available other data sources, such as wholesale or forecast volumes, are used to estimate vehicle sales.
(b)
Certain fleet sales that are accounted for as operating leases are included in vehicle sales at the time of delivery to the daily rental car companies.
(c)
Vehicle sales data may include rounding differences.

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(d)    The joint venture vehicle sales presented in the following table are included in our retail vehicle sales. Vehicle sales for HKJV are included in the three and six months ended June 30, 2013. Refer to Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on the acquisition of HKJV.    
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Joint venture sales in China
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SGMS
361

 
302

 
743

 
640

SGMW and FAW-GM
389

 
368

 
822

 
775

Joint venture sales in India
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HKJV
 
 
21

 
 
 
49


Automotive Financing - GM Financial

General Motors Financial Company, Inc. (GM Financial) is a global provider of automobile financing solutions. GM Financial specializes in purchasing retail automobile installment sales contracts originated by GM and non-GM franchised and select independent dealers in connection with the sale of used and new automobiles. GM Financial offers lease products through GM dealerships in connection with the marketing of new automobiles and also provides commercial lending programs to GM dealers. GM Financial primarily generates revenue and cash flows through the purchase, retention, securitization and servicing of finance receivables. GM Financial earns finance charge income on finance receivables and pays interest expense on borrowings under its secured and unsecured credit facilities. GM Financial periodically transfers receivables to securitization trusts that issue asset-backed securities to investors. The securitization trusts are special purpose entities that are also variable interest entities that meet the requirements to be consolidated in the financial statements.

Automotive Financing Strategy

Our automotive financing strategy centers around ensuring that our dealers and customers have consistently available, transparent and competitive financing options throughout the business and credit cycles. We believe that by having our own capabilities in key financing segments of the market we will be able to achieve more competition from other financing market participants, which we believe improves pricing and service to our dealers and retail customers. We achieve this through our captive finance capabilities at GM Financial and through operating relationships with financial institutions. Historically Ally Financial, Inc. (Ally Financial) provided a majority of the financing for our dealers and a significant portion of the financing for our customers in the U.S., Canada and other major international markets where we operate. Ally Financial continues to be the largest third party provider of financing for our dealers and customers. We have added relationships with other financial institutions including arrangements to provide incentivized retail financing to our customers in the U.S., Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. GM Financial continues to expand its business in targeted areas that it views as strategic and to otherwise evaluate opportunities in specific segments of the automotive financing market.

In November 2012 GM Financial entered into agreements with Ally Financial to acquire Ally Financial's automotive finance and financial services businesses in Europe and Latin America. Additionally in November 2012 GM Financial entered into a share transfer agreement with Ally Financial to acquire Ally Financial's equity interest in GMAC-SAIC Automotive Finance Company Limited (GMAC-SAIC) that conducts automotive finance and financial services operations in China. The purchases will allow GM Financial to support our dealers in markets comprising 80% of our global sales. The combined consideration will be approximately $4.1 billion.

In April 2013 GM Financial completed the acquisition of Ally Financial's European and Latin American automotive finance operations except for France, Portugal and Brazil; and in June 2013 completed the acquisition of Ally Financial's automotive finance operations in France and Portugal. The aggregate consideration for these acquisitions was $2.6 billion, subject to certain closing adjustments, of which $0.1 billion is contingent upon closing the acquisition of Brazil. In addition GM Financial repaid a $1.4 billion loan that was assumed as part of the acquisition.

GM Financial's acquisition of Ally Financial's Brazilian automotive finance operations and the equity interests in GMAC-SAIC are subject to certain regulatory and other approvals, and are expected to close in 2013 or early 2014 or as soon as practical thereafter. GM Financial expects to pay approximately $1.5 billion to close these acquisitions subject to certain closing adjustments. Refer to Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on these acquisitions.

In April 2012 GM Financial commenced commercial lending activities in the U.S. centered on floor plan financing of dealer vehicle inventory and dealer loans to finance dealer sites, facilities, facility improvements and working capital. In March 2013 GM Financial launched similar commercial lending in Canada. These loans are made on a secured basis.

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Consolidated Results

Total Net Sales and Revenue
(Dollars in Millions)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Automotive sales and revenue
$
38,240

 
$
37,127

 
$
74,584

 
$
74,455

 
$
1,113

 
3.0
%
 
$
129

 
0.2
%
GM Financial
835

 
487

 
1,375

 
918

 
348

 
71.5
%
 
457

 
49.8
%
Total net sales and revenue
$
39,075

 
$
37,614

 
$
75,959

 
$
75,373

 
$
1,461

 
3.9
%
 
$
586

 
0.8
%

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 Total net sales and revenue increased due primarily to: (1) increased wholesale volumes of $0.7 billion due to an increase of 21,000 vehicles (or 1.3%) primarily in GMNA and GMSA, driven by increased industry demand, partially offset by decreases in GMIO in both the Middle East and Europe and GME, driven by a weak European economy; (2) favorable vehicle pricing of $0.4 billion; (3) increased GM Financial revenue of $0.3 billion including $0.2 billion related to the acquisition of Ally Financial's international operations; (4) favorable vehicle mix of $0.2 billion; (5) increased other revenue of $0.1 billion; and (6) partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency effect of $0.4 billion due to the weakening of major currencies against the U.S. Dollar.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 Total net sales and revenue increased due primarily to: (1) favorable vehicle mix of $0.8 billion; (2) increased GM Financial revenue of $0.5 billion including $0.2 billion related to the acquisition of Ally Financial's international operations; (3) favorable vehicle pricing of $0.2 billion; (4) increased other revenue of $0.1 billion; partially offset by (5) unfavorable foreign currency effect of $0.8 billion due to weakening of major currencies against the U.S. Dollar; and (6) decreased wholesale volumes of $0.2 billion due to a decrease of 19,000 vehicles (or 0.6%) primarily in GME due to a weak European economy and GMIO in the Middle East and Europe, partially offset by increases in GMNA and GMSA, driven by increased industry demand.

Automotive Cost of Sales
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Automotive cost of sales
$
33,824

 
$
32,678

 
$
66,441

 
$
65,588

 
$
1,146

 
3.5
 %
 
$
853

 
1.3
 %
Automotive gross margin
$
4,416

 
$
4,449

 
$
8,143

 
$
8,867

 
$
(33
)
 
(0.7
)%
 
$
(724
)
 
(8.2
)%

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 Automotive cost of sales increased due primarily to: (1) unfavorable vehicle mix of $0.7 billion; (2) increased costs of $0.4 billion related to the increased wholesale vehicle sales; (3) increased manufacturing costs of $0.2 billion to support new vehicle launches; partially offset by (4) favorable foreign currency effect of $0.2 billion due to the weakening of major currencies against the U.S. Dollar; and (5) decreased material and freight costs of $0.1 billion.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 Automotive cost of sales increased due primarily to: (1) unfavorable vehicle mix of $1.5 billion; (2) increased manufacturing costs of $0.4 billion to support new vehicle launches; (3) decreased U.S. pension income of $0.2 billion; partially offset by (4) decreased material and freight costs of $0.4 billion; (5) decreased costs of $0.2 billion related to decreased wholesale volume; (6) favorable foreign exchange effect of $0.2 billion; (7) decreased policy and warranty expense of $0.3 billion; and (8) decreased engineering expense of $0.2 billion.

Automotive Selling, General and Administrative Expense
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Automotive selling, general and administrative expense
$
2,925

 
$
2,847

 
$
5,877

 
$
5,835

 
$
78

 
2.7
%
 
$
42

 
0.7
%

In the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 Automotive selling, general and administrative expense remained flat.


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Goodwill Impairment Charges
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Goodwill impairment charges
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
617

 
$

 
%
 
$
(617
)
 
(100.0
)%

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 Goodwill impairment charges decreased due to Goodwill impairment charges of $0.6 billion and $27 million in the GME and GM Korea Company (GM Korea) reporting units recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2012 that did not recur in 2013.

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income, net
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Interest income and other non-operating income, net
$
251

 
$
139

 
$
422

 
$
414

 
$
112

 
80.6
%
 
$
8

 
1.9
%

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 Interest income and other non-operating income, net increased due primarily to increased derivative gains of $0.1 billion related to increases in fair value.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 Interest income and other non-operating income, net was essentially unchanged from the same period a year ago in total and in composition.

Income Tax Expense
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Income tax expense
$
742

 
$
241

 
$
1,151

 
$
457

 
$
501

 
n.m.
 
$
694

 
151.9
%
______
n.m. = not meaningful

In the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 Income tax expense increased due primarily to the inclusion of U.S. and Canada entities in our tax expense calculation resulting from the release of their valuation allowances in the year ended December 31, 2012.

Equity Income, Net of Tax
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
China joint ventures (China JVs)
$
418

 
$
331

 
$
966

 
$
750

 
$
87

 
26.3
%
 
$
216

 
28.8
%
Others
11

 
(31
)
 
18

 
(27
)
 
42

 
n.m.

 
45

 
n.m.

Total equity income, net of tax
$
429

 
$
300

 
$
984

 
$
723

 
$
129

 
43.0
%
 
$
261

 
36.1
%
______
n.m. = not meaningful

In the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 Equity income, net of tax increased due primarily to an increase in the earnings of the SGMS and SGM China JVs and other GMIO JVs.

GM North America

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Three Months Ended
 
 
Variance Due To
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Favorable / (Unfavorable)
 
%
 
 
Volume
 
Mix
 
Price
 
Other
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in billions)
Total net sales and revenue
$
23,495

 
$
21,552

 
$
1,943

 
9.0
%
 
 
$
1.2

 
$
0.2

 
$
0.3

 
$
0.2

 
$
1.9

EBIT-adjusted
$
1,976

 
$
1,891

 
$
85

 
4.5
%
 
 
$
0.4

 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
0.3

 
$
(0.4
)
 
$
0.1

 
Six Months Ended
 
 
Variance Due To
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Favorable / (Unfavorable)
 
%
 
 
Volume
 
Mix
 
Price
 
Other
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in billions)
Total net sales and revenue
$
46,474

 
$
44,727

 
$
1,747

 
3.9
 %
 
 
$
0.7

 
$
0.7

 
$
0.1

 
$
0.2

 
$
1.7

EBIT-adjusted
$
3,390

 
$
3,533

 
$
(143
)
 
(4.0
)%
 
 
$
0.2

 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
0.1

 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
(0.1
)

GMNA Total Net Sales and Revenue

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 Total net sales and revenue increased due primarily to: (1) increased wholesale volumes of 49,000 vehicles (or 6.4%) due to increased industry demand and successful recent vehicle launches such as the Buick Encore, Cadillac ATS, and Chevrolet Spark; (2) favorable vehicle pricing; and (3) favorable vehicle mix.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 Total net sales and revenue increased due primarily to: (1) increased wholesale volumes of 30,000 vehicles (or 1.8%) due to increased industry demand and successful recent vehicle launches such as the Buick Encore, Cadillac ATS, and Chevrolet Spark; (2) favorable vehicle mix; and (3) favorable vehicle pricing.

GMNA EBIT-Adjusted

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)-adjusted increased due primarily to: (1) increased wholesale volumes; (2) favorable vehicle pricing; partially offset by (3) unfavorable net vehicle mix. In addition, EBIT-adjusted also includes unfavorable $0.4 billion primarily due to; (4) increased manufacturing expense, including new launches, of $0.3 billion; (5) increased depreciation and amortization expense of $0.2 billion; and (6) decreased U.S. pension income of $0.1 billion due to settlement of the salaried retiree pension plan; partially offset by (7) reduction in unfavorable warranty and policy adjustments of $0.1 billion.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 EBIT-adjusted decreased due primarily to: (1) unfavorable net vehicle mix; partially offset by (2) increased wholesale volumes; and (3) favorable vehicle pricing. In addition, EBIT-adjusted also includes unfavorable $0.2 billion primarily due to; (4) increased manufacturing expense, including new launches, of $0.3 billion; (5) increased depreciation and amortization expense of $0.2 billion; and (6) decreased U.S. pension income of $0.2 billion due to settlement of the salaried retiree pension plan; partially offset by (7) reduction in unfavorable warranty and policy adjustments of $0.3 billion.

GM Europe

During the second half of 2011 and continuing into 2013, the European automotive industry has been severely affected by the ongoing sovereign debt crisis, high unemployment and a lack of consumer confidence coupled with overcapacity. European automotive industry sales to retail and fleet customers were 9.5 million vehicles in the six months ended June 30, 2013, representing a 5.3% decrease compared to the corresponding period in 2012. In the six months ended June 30, 2013 our European market share declined to 8.4% from 8.5% in the year ended December 31, 2012.

We have formulated a plan to implement various actions to strengthen our operations and increase our competitiveness. The key areas of the plan include investments in our product portfolio, a revised brand strategy, significant management changes, reducing material, development and production costs, including restructuring activities, and further leveraging synergies from the alliance between us and PSA. The success of our plan will depend on a combination of our ability to execute the actions contemplated, as well as external factors which are outside of our control. We believe it is likely that adverse economic conditions and their effect on the European automotive industry will not improve significantly in the foreseeable future and we expect to continue to incur losses in the region as a result.

GME Total Net Sales and Revenue and EBIT-Adjusted

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Three Months Ended
 
 
Variance Due To
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Favorable / (Unfavorable)
 
%
 
 
Volume
 
Mix
 
Price
 
Other
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in billions)
Total net sales and revenue
$
5,154

 
$
5,532

 
$
(378
)
 
(6.8
)%
 
 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$

 
$
(0.4
)
EBIT (loss)-adjusted
$
(110
)
 
$
(394
)
 
$
284

 
72.1
 %
 
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
0.6

 
$
0.3

 
Six Months Ended
 
 
Variance Due To
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Favorable / (Unfavorable)
 
%
 
 
Volume
 
Mix
 
Price
 
Other
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in billions)
Total net sales and revenue
$
9,972

 
$
10,787

 
$
(815
)
 
(7.6
)%
 
 
$
(0.6
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$

 
$
(0.8
)
EBIT (loss)-adjusted
$
(285
)
 
$
(688
)
 
$
403

 
58.6
 %
 
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
0.8

 
$
0.4


GME Total Net Sales and Revenue

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 Total net sales and revenue decreased due primarily to: (1) decreased wholesale volumes of 14,000 vehicles (or 4.7%) due to the weak European economy; (2) unfavorable vehicle pricing primarily resulting from increased incentive support associated with difficult market conditions; and (3) unfavorable net vehicle mix due to lower proportion of higher priced vehicles.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 Total net sales and revenue decreased due primarily to: (1) decreased wholesale volumes of 31,000 vehicles (or 5.6%) due to the weak European economy; (2) unfavorable vehicle pricing primarily resulting from increased incentive support associated with difficult market conditions; and (3) unfavorable net vehicle mix due to lower proportion of higher priced vehicles.

GME EBIT (Loss)-Adjusted

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 EBIT (loss)-adjusted decreased due primarily to: (1) decreased manufacturing costs of $0.2 billion due primarily to decreased depreciation expense due to asset impairment in December 2012, which decreased the depreciable base; (2) decreased engineering expenses of $0.1 billion; (3) an increase of $0.1 billion resulting from the net effect of changes in the fair value of an embedded foreign currency derivative asset associated with a long-term supply agreement; (4) favorable material and logistic performance of $0.1 billion; partially offset by (5) unfavorable net vehicle mix; (6) unfavorable vehicle pricing; and (7) decreased wholesale volumes.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 EBIT (loss)-adjusted decreased due primarily to: (1) decreased manufacturing costs of $0.2 billion due primarily to decreased depreciation expense due to asset impairment in December 2012, which decreased the depreciable base; (2) decreased engineering expenses of $0.2 billion; (3) favorable material and logistic performance of $0.2 billion; and (4) an increase of $0.1 billion resulting from the net effect of changes in the fair value of an embedded foreign currency derivative asset associated with a long-term supply agreement; partially offset by (5) unfavorable net vehicle mix; (6) unfavorable vehicle pricing; and (7) decreased wholesale volumes.

GM International Operations

Focus on Chinese Market

We view the Chinese market as important to our global growth strategy and are employing a multi-brand strategy, led by our Buick and Chevrolet brands. In the coming years, we plan to increasingly leverage our global architectures to increase the number of nameplates under the Buick, Chevrolet and Cadillac brands in China and continue to grow our business under the Baojun, Jiefang and Wuling brands. We operate in Chinese markets through a number of joint ventures and maintaining good relations with our joint venture partners, which are affiliated with the Chinese government, is an important part of our China growth strategy.

The following tables summarize certain key operational and financial data for the China JVs (dollars in millions, vehicles in thousands):

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Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Total wholesale vehicles(a)
772

 
696

 
1,613

 
1,452

Market share(b)
13.9
%
 
13.8
%
 
14.5
%
 
14.5
%
Total net sales and revenue
$
9,248

 
$
7,577

 
$
18,993

 
$
16,270

Net income
$
872

 
$
707

 
$
2,016

 
$
1,594

________
(a)
Including vehicles exported to markets outside of China.
(b)
Market share for China market.
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Cash and cash equivalents
$
5,175

 
$
5,522

Debt
$
133

 
$
123


GMIO Total Net Sales and Revenue and EBIT-Adjusted

 
Three Months Ended
 
 
Variance Due To
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Favorable / (Unfavorable)
 
%
 
 
Volume
 
Mix
 
Price
 
Other
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in billions)
Total net sales and revenue
$
5,250

 
$
5,915

 
$
(665
)
 
(11.2
)%
 
 
$
(0.5
)
 
$

 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.7
)
EBIT-adjusted
$
228

 
$
627

 
$
(399
)
 
(63.6
)%
 
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$

 
$
(0.4
)
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
Variance Due To
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Favorable / (Unfavorable)
 
%
 
 
Volume
 
Mix
 
Price
 
Other
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in billions)
Total net sales and revenue
$
10,070

 
$
10,931

 
$
(861
)
 
(7.9
)%
 
 
$
(0.5
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
(0.9
)
EBIT-adjusted
$
723

 
$
1,148

 
$
(425
)
 
(37.0
)%
 
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
(0.3
)
 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
0.1

 
$
(0.4
)
 
GMIO Total Net Sales and Revenue

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 Total net sales and revenue decreased due primarily to: (1) decreased wholesale volume of 48,000 vehicles (or 16.3%) primarily in Middle East and Chevrolet brand vehicles in Europe partially offset by an increase from the consolidation of HKJV effective September 2012 resulting in an inclusion of 21,000 wholesale vehicle sales (or 7.1%); (2) unfavorable vehicle pricing due to increased incentive support associated with strong competition; and (3) decreased components, parts and accessories revenue of $0.1 billion.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 Total net sales and revenue decreased due primarily to: (1) decreased wholesale volume of 72,000 vehicles (or 13.4%) primarily in Middle East and Chevrolet brand vehicles in Europe partially offset by an increase from the consolidation of HKJV effective September 2012 resulting in an inclusion of 45,000 wholesale vehicle sales (or 8.4%); (2) unfavorable vehicle mix due to a shift to lower priced vehicles; (3) unfavorable vehicle pricing due to increased incentive support associated with strong competition; (4) decreased sales of components, parts and accessories of $0.1 billion; and (5) unfavorable net foreign currency effect due to the weakening of the South Africa Rand against the U.S. Dollar of $0.1 billion.

The vehicle sales of our China JVs are not reflected in Total net sales and revenue. The results of our joint ventures are recorded in Equity income, net of tax.

GMIO EBIT-Adjusted

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 EBIT-adjusted decreased due primarily to: (1) unfavorable net vehicle mix; (2) unfavorable wholesale volumes; (3) unfavorable vehicle pricing, and (4) decreased sales of components, parts and accessories of $0.1 billion; partially offset by (5) increased equity income, net of tax of $0.1 billion from our interest in the increased net income of our China JVs.

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In the six months ended June 30, 2013 EBIT-adjusted decreased due primarily to: (1) unfavorable net vehicle mix; (2) unfavorable wholesale volumes; (3) unfavorable vehicle pricing; and (4) a decrease in sales of components, parts and accessories of $0.1 billion; partially offset by (5) increased equity income, net of tax of $0.2 billion from our interest in the increased net income of our China JVs.

GM South America

Venezuelan Exchange Regulations

Our Venezuelan subsidiaries utilize the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency because of the hyperinflationary status of the Venezuelan economy. The Venezuelan government has foreign exchange control regulations which make it more difficult to convert Bolivar Fuerte (BsF) to U.S. Dollars. These regulations affect our Venezuelan subsidiaries' ability to pay non-BsF denominated obligations that do not qualify to be processed by the Venezuela currency exchange agency at the official exchange rates.

The aggregate net assets denominated in BsF and other currencies at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were $747 million and $940 million which included monetary assets of $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion and monetary liabilities of $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 other consolidated entities had receivables from our Venezuelan subsidiaries denominated in other currencies of $316 million and $224 million. The total amounts pending government approval for settlement at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were BsF 3.2 billion (equivalent to $565 million) and BsF 2.2 billion (equivalent to $523 million), for which some requests have been pending from 2007.

In February 2013 the Venezuelan government announced that the official fixed exchange rate of BsF 4.3 to $1.00 changed to BsF 6.3 to $1.00 effective February 13, 2013. The devaluation required remeasurement of our Venezuelan subsidiaries' non-U.S. Dollar denominated monetary assets and liabilities. The remeasurement resulted in a charge of $0.2 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2013.

We believe it is possible that the Venezuelan government may further devalue the BsF against the U.S. Dollar in the future. If the BsF were devalued further, it would result in a charge to our income statement in the period of devaluation. Based on our June 30, 2013 net monetary assets, a further devaluation of the BsF by 1 BsF to $1.00 would result in a charge of approximately $70 million.

GMSA Total Net Sales and Revenue and GMSA EBIT-Adjusted

 
Three Months Ended
 
 
Variance Due To
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Favorable / (Unfavorable)
 
%
 
 
Volume
 
Mix
 
Price
 
Other
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in billions)
Total net sales and revenue
$
4,308

 
$
4,117

 
$
191

 
4.6
%
 
 
$
0.2

 
$
0.1

 
$
0.2

 
$
(0.3
)
 
$
0.2

EBIT-adjusted
$
54

 
$
16

 
$
38

 
n.m.

 
 
$

 
$

 
$
0.2

 
$
(0.2
)
 
$

 
Six Months Ended
 
 
Variance Due To
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
Favorable / (Unfavorable)
 
%
 
 
Volume
 
Mix
 
Price
 
Other
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
 
 
(Dollars in billions)
Total net sales and revenue
$
7,999

 
$
7,984

 
$
15

 
0.2
 %
 
 
$
0.1

 
$
0.3

 
$
0.3

 
$
(0.7
)
 
$

EBIT-adjusted
$
16

 
$
169

 
$
(153
)
 
(90.5
)%
 
 
$

 
$

 
$
0.3

 
$
(0.5
)
 
$
(0.2
)
________
n.m. = not meaningful

GMSA Total Net Sales and Revenue

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 Total net sales and revenue increased due primarily to: (1) increased wholesale volumes of 13,000 vehicles (or 5.3%) primarily driven by higher industry volume in Brazil; (2) favorable vehicle pricing primarily due to high inflation in Venezuela and Argentina; and (3) favorable vehicle mix due to increased sales of Chevrolet Trailblazer, Chevrolet Captiva and Chevrolet S10; partially offset by (4) unfavorable net foreign currency effect due to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Brazilian Real and Argentinian Peso and the devaluation of the BsF of $0.4 billion.

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In the six months ended June 30, 2013 Total net sales and revenue remained flat due primarily to: (1) favorable vehicle mix due to increased sales of the Chevrolet Trailblazer, Chevrolet Captiva and Chevrolet S10; (2) favorable vehicle pricing primarily due to high inflation in Venezuela and Argentina; and (3) increased wholesale volumes of 9,000 vehicles (or 2.0%) primarily driven by higher industry volume in Brazil; offset by (4) unfavorable net foreign currency effect due to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Brazilian Real and Argentinian Peso and the devaluation of the BsF of $0.7 billion.

GMSA EBIT-Adjusted

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 EBIT-adjusted remained flat due primarily to: (1) favorable vehicle pricing primarily driven by high inflation in Venezuela and Argentina; offset by (2) unfavorable net foreign currency effect of $0.2 billion due to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Brazilian Real and Argentinian Peso and the devaluation of the BsF.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 EBIT-adjusted decreased due primarily to: (1) unfavorable net foreign currency effect due to the devaluation of the BsF of $0.2 billion and the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Brazilian Real and Argentinian Peso of $0.2 billion; and (2) a non-recurring bargain gain of $50 million on the purchase of GMAC de Venezuela CA in the corresponding period of 2012; partially offset by (3) favorable vehicle pricing primarily driven by high inflation in Venezuela and Argentina.

GM Financial
(Dollars in Millions)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
GM Financial revenue
$
836

 
$
487

 
$
1,376

 
$
918

 
$
349

 
71.7
%
 
$
458

 
49.9
%
Income before income taxes
$
254

 
$
217

 
$
434

 
$
398

 
$
37

 
17.1
%
 
$
36

 
9.0
%

GM Financial Revenue

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 GM Financial revenue increased due primarily to: (1) increased revenue of $0.2 billion due to the acquisition of Ally Financial international operations; and (2) increased lease income of $0.1 billion due to a larger lease portfolio.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 GM Financial revenue increased due primarily to: (1) increased revenue of $0.2 billion due to the acquisition of Ally Financial international operations; (2) increased finance charge income of $0.1 billion due to a larger loan portfolio balance; and (3) increased lease income of $0.1 billion due to a larger lease portfolio.

GM Financial Income Before Income Taxes

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 Income before income taxes remained flat due primarily to: (1) increased finance income of $0.2 billion due to a larger loan portfolio as a result of the purchase of Ally Financial international operations; offset by (2) increased interest expense of $0.1 billion due to an increase in average debt outstanding as a result of the purchase of Ally Financial international operations; and (3) increased operating expenses of $0.1 billion as a result of the purchase of Ally Financial international operations.

Average debt outstanding in the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $21.5 billion and $8.9 billion and the effective rate of interest paid for each period was 3.1% and 2.9%.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 Income before income taxes remained flat due primarily to: (1) increased finance income of $0.3 billion due to a larger loan portfolio as a result of the purchase of Ally Financial international operations; offset by (2) increased provision for loan losses of $0.1 billion due to a larger loan portfolio; (3) increased interest expense of $0.1 billion due to an increase in average debt outstanding as a result of the purchase of Ally Financial international operations; and (4) increased operating expenses of $0.1 billion as a result of the purchase of Ally Financial international operations.

Average debt outstanding in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 was $16.4 billion and $8.8 billion and the effective rate of interest paid for each period was 3.0% and 2.9%.

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Corporate
(Dollars in Millions)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 2013 vs. 2012 Change
 
 
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Net loss attributable to stockholders
$
(1,010
)
 
$
(402
)
 
$
(1,474
)
 
$
(604
)
 
$
(608
)
 
151.2
%
 
$
(870
)
 
144.0
%

Corporate Net Loss Attributable to Stockholders

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 Net loss attributable to stockholders increased due primarily to (1) an increase in income tax expense of $0.5 billion due primarily to the inclusion of U.S. and Canada entities in our tax expense calculation resulting from the release of their valuation allowances in the year ended December 31, 2012; and (2) a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $0.2 billion due to the acquisition of the remaining balance of GM Korea's preferred shares; partially offset by (3) a $0.1 billion favorable foreign currency effect; and (4) a reduction in interest expense of $0.1 billion.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 Net loss attributable to stockholders increased due primarily to (1) an increase in income tax expense of $0.7 billion due primarily to the inclusion of U.S. and Canada entities in our tax expense calculation resulting from the release of their valuation allowances in the year ended December 31, 2012; and (2) a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $0.2 billion due to the acquisition of the remaining balance of GM Korea's preferred shares; partially offset by (3) a reduction in interest expense of $0.1 billion.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity Overview

We believe that our current level of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and availability under our secured revolving credit facilities will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs. However we expect to have substantial cash requirements going forward which we plan to fund through total available liquidity and cash flows generated from operations. Our known material future uses of cash which may vary from time to time based on market conditions and other factors include, among other possible demands: (1) reinvestment in our business through capital expenditures of approximately $8 billion annually as well as engineering and product development activities; (2) acquiring certain Ally Financial international operations, as subsequently discussed, for approximately $1.6 billion which includes contingent consideration of $0.1 billion; (3) payments to service debt and other long-term obligations; (4) dividend payments on our Series A Preferred Shares of $0.6 billion annually; and (5) certain litigation and income and indirect tax-related administrative proceedings that may require that we make payments or deposit funds in escrow estimated at $0.8 billion.

Our liquidity plans are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those described in the “Risk Factors” section of our 2012 Form 10-K, some of which are outside our control. Macroeconomic conditions could limit our ability to successfully execute our business plans and therefore adversely affect our liquidity plans.

Recent Management Initiatives

We continue to monitor and evaluate opportunities to strengthen our balance sheet and competitive position. These actions may include opportunistic payments to reduce our long-term obligations while maintaining minimal financial leverage as well as the possibility of acquisitions, dispositions and strategic alliances that we believe would generate significant advantages and substantially strengthen our business. These actions may include additional loans, investments with our joint venture partners or the acquisitions of certain operations or ownership stakes in outside businesses. These actions may negatively impact our liquidity in the short-term.

In November 2012 GM Financial entered into agreements with Ally Financial to acquire Ally Financial's automotive finance and financial services businesses in Europe and Latin America and Ally Financial's equity interests in GMAC-SAIC for approximately $4.1 billion. In the three months ended June 30, 2013 GM Financial completed the acquisitions of Ally Financial's European and Latin American automotive finance operations except for Brazil for $2.6 billion, of which $2.5 billion has been paid. Refer to Automotive Financing Strategy in this MD&A for additional information on these acquisitions.


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In April 2013 GM Korea made a payment of $0.7 billion to acquire, prior to the mandatory redemption date, the remaining balance of GM Korea's mandatorily redeemable preferred shares that had a carrying amount of $0.5 billion. We recorded the difference of $0.2 billion as a loss on extinguishment of debt.

Automotive

Available Liquidity

Total available liquidity includes cash, cash equivalents, current marketable securities and funds available under credit facilities. At June 30, 2013 our available liquidity was $34.8 billion, including funds available under credit facilities of $10.6 billion. The amount of available liquidity is subject to intra-month and seasonal fluctuations and includes balances held by various business units and subsidiaries worldwide that are needed to fund their operations.

We manage our liquidity primarily at our treasury centers as well as at certain of our significant consolidated overseas subsidiaries. Available liquidity held within North America and at our regional treasury centers represented approximately 82% of our available liquidity at June 30, 2013. A portion of our available liquidity includes amounts deemed indefinitely reinvested in our foreign subsidiaries. We have used and will continue to use other methods including intercompany loans to utilize these funds across our global operations as needed.

Our cash equivalents and marketable securities balances include investments in U.S. government and agency obligations, foreign government securities, time deposits and certificates of deposit and corporate debt securities, and are primarily denominated in U.S. Dollars. We expect to maintain a sufficient amount of Canadian Dollar (CAD) denominated cash investments to offset certain CAD denominated liabilities, which primarily relate to pension and other postretirement benefits liabilities. These cash investments will incur foreign currency exchange gains or losses based on the movement of the CAD in relation to the U.S. Dollar and will therefore reduce our net CAD foreign currency exchange exposure. We held cash investments in CAD denominated securities of $3.1 billion at June 30, 2013. These funds continue to be available to fund our normal ongoing operations and are included in our available liquidity.

Our investment guidelines, which we may change from time to time, prescribe certain minimum credit rating thresholds and limit our exposures to any particular sector, asset class, issuance or security type. Substantially all of our current investments in debt securities are with A/A2 or better rated issuers. We actively monitor and manage our liquidity exposure to Europe which is related primarily to short-term bank deposits and short-term debt securities of high-quality European issuers.

We use credit facilities as a mechanism to provide additional flexibility in managing our global liquidity and to fund working capital needs at certain of our subsidiaries. The total size of our credit facilities was $11.3 billion and $11.4 billion at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Our primary borrowing capacity under credit facilities comes from our secured revolving credit facilities consisting of a three-year $5.5 billion facility maturing in 2015 and a five-year, $5.5 billion facility maturing in 2017. We have not borrowed against these facilities, but have amounts in use under the letter of credit sub-facility of $0.5 billion. GM Financial has not borrowed against the three-year facility.

The following table summarizes our liquidity (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Cash and cash equivalents
$
17,940

 
$
17,133

Marketable securities
6,258

 
8,988

Available liquidity
24,198

 
26,121

Available under credit facilities
10,611

 
11,119

Total available liquidity
$
34,809

 
$
37,240


In the six months ended June 30, 2013 total available liquidity decreased by $2.4 billion due primarily to: (1) a capital contribution to GM Financial of $1.3 billion in support of the acquisition of Ally Financial's international operations; (2) cash used in financing activities of $1.1 billion primarily due to the acquisition of GM Korea's preferred shares and dividend payments on our preferred shares; (3) reductions in amounts available under credit facilities of $0.5 billion due to letters of credit issued under our secured revolving credit facilities and the termination of a facility in GMIO; (4) unfavorable foreign currency exchange effects of $0.5 billion and (5) a payment to acquire intellectual property of $0.2 billion; partially offset by (6) automotive free cash flow of $1.2 billion and (7) reductions in restricted cash balances of $0.2 billion.

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Cash Flow
 
The following table summarizes automotive cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities (dollars in millions):

 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
4,998

 
$
6,032

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
$
(1,252
)
 
$
474

Net cash used in financing activities
$
(1,135
)
 
$
(545
)

Operating Activities

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $1.0 billion due primarily to: (1) lower net income excluding non-cash charges relating to depreciation, amortization and impairment charges of $1.4 billion; (2) unfavorable daily rental car activities including customer deposits of $0.8 billion; (3) unfavorable movements in dealer and customer allowances of $0.4 billion; and (4) unfavorable movements in warranty of $0.2 billion; partially offset by (5) favorable changes in working capital of $1.0 billion and (6) changes to deferred taxes of $0.7 billion.

Investing Activities

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 net cash used in investing activities was $1.3 billion compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $0.5 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2012 due primarily to: (1) proceeds in excess of new investments in marketable securities of $1.8 billion as we reinvested maturing marketable securities in shorter-term cash equivalents to rebalance our investment portfolio in the normal course of business; partially offset by (2) decreased capital expenditures of $0.2 billion.

Financing Activities

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 net cash used in financing activities increased by $0.6 billion due primarily to: (1) debt payments of $1.0 billion including the acquisition of GM Korea's preferred shares of $0.7 billion; partially offset by (2) net increase in short-term debt facilities with maturities less than 90 days of $0.3 billion; and (3) proceeds from other existing debt facilities of $0.2 billion.

Free Cash Flow and Adjusted Free Cash Flow

The following table summarizes free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow (dollars in millions):
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Operating cash flow
$
4,998

 
$
6,032

Less: capital expenditures
(3,829
)
 
(4,052
)
Free cash flow
1,169

 
1,980

Adjustments for voluntary management actions
71

 

Adjusted free cash flow
$
1,240

 
$
1,980


In the six months ended June 30, 2013 adjustments for voluntary management actions included pension contributions of $0.1 billion related to the previously announced annuitization of the U.S. salaried pension plan.

Automotive Financing - GM Financial

Liquidity Overview

GM Financial's primary sources of cash are finance charge income, leasing income, servicing fees, net distributions from secured debt, borrowings under secured and unsecured debt, collections and recoveries on finance receivables and net proceeds from senior notes transactions. GM Financial's primary uses of cash are purchases of finance receivables and leased assets, funding of

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commercial finance receivables, repayment of secured and unsecured debt, funding credit enhancement requirements for secured debt and operating expenses. GM Financial continues to monitor and evaluate opportunities to optimize its liquidity position and the mix of its debt, which could include future opportunistic repayments or borrowings.

Available Liquidity

The following table summarizes GM Financial's available liquidity (dollars in millions):
 
June 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Cash and cash equivalents
$
1,757

 
$
1,289

Borrowing capacity on committed secured credit facilities
1,648

 
1,349

Borrowing capacity on committed unsecured credit facilities
76

 

Available liquidity
$
3,481

 
$
2,638


The increase in liquidity is due primarily to the issuance of $2.5 billion in senior unsecured notes, as well as acquired liquidity from the Ally Financial international operations acquisition, partially offset by the cost of purchasing Ally Financial's international operations.

GM Financial has the ability to borrow up to $4.0 billion against our three-year $5.5 billion secured revolving credit facility. GM Financial's borrowings under the facility are limited by our ability to borrow the entire amount available under the facility. Therefore GM Financial may be able to borrow up to $4.0 billion or may be unable to borrow depending on our borrowing activity. If GM Financial does borrow under the facility it expects such borrowings would be short-term in nature. Neither GM Financial, nor any of its subsidiaries, guarantee any obligations under this facility and none of its subsidiaries' assets secure this facility.

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 in connection with the acquisition of certain of Ally Financial's European and Latin American automotive finance operations discussed previously in Automotive Financing Strategy in this MD&A, GM Financial received a capital contribution from us of $1.3 billion and utilized $2.6 billion of its liquidity. These acquisitions increased finance receivables by $11.0 billion and secured and unsecured debt by $8.9 billion.

Cash Flow

The following table summarizes GM Financial cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities (dollars in millions):

 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
714

 
$
409

Net cash used in investing activities
$
(4,549
)
 
$
(1,299
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
$
2,988

 
$
1,111


In the six months ended June 30, 2013 net cash used in investing activities increased by $3.3 billion due primarily to: (1) net cash payment of $2.1 billion made in the current period on the acquisitions of Ally Financial international operations; (2) increased funding of commercial finance receivables of $6.0 billion and purchase of consumer finance receivables of $0.9 billion; (3) increased purchase of leased vehicles of $0.5 billion; partially offset by (4) increased collections and recoveries on finance receivables of $6.8 billion.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 net cash provided by financing activities increased by $1.9 billion due primarily to the increased borrowings under secured and unsecured debt and issuance of senior notes of $5.9 billion, partially offset by the decreased debt repayment of $4.0 billion.

Guarantees Provided to Third Parties

We have provided guarantees related to the residual value of operating leases, certain suppliers' commitments, certain product-related claims and third party commercial loans and other obligations. The maximum potential obligation under these commitments was $18.3 billion and $23.5 billion at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.


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Refer to Note 16 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information on guarantees we have provided.

Fair Value Measurements

Refer to Note 15 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for information regarding derivative fair value measurements.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the periods presented. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to inherent uncertainties in making estimates, actual results could differ from the original estimates requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods. The critical accounting estimates that affect the condensed consolidated financial statements and the judgments and assumptions used are consistent with those described in the MD&A section in our 2012 Form 10-K.

Non-GAAP Measures

Management believes EBIT-adjusted provides meaningful supplemental information regarding our automotive segments' operating results because it excludes interest income, interest expense and income taxes as well as certain additional adjustments. Such adjustments include impairment charges related to goodwill and certain investments, gains or losses on the settlement/extinguishment of obligations and gains or losses on the sale of non-core investments.

Management believes free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the liquidity of our automotive operations and our ability to generate sufficient cash flow above those required in our business to sustain our operations. We measure free cash flow as cash flow from operations less capital expenditures. We measure adjusted free cash flow as free cash flow adjusted for certain voluntary management actions, primarily related to strengthening our balance sheet.

Management believes these measures allow it to readily view operating trends, perform analytical comparisons and benchmark performance between periods and among geographic regions. We believe these non-GAAP measures are useful in allowing for greater transparency of our core operations and are therefore used by management in its financial and operational decision-making. Management does not consider the excluded items when assessing and measuring the operational and financial performance of the organization, its management teams and when making decisions to allocate resources, such as capital investment, among business units and for internal reporting and as part of its forecasting and budgeting processes.

While management believes that these non-GAAP measures provide useful information, they are not operating measures under U.S. GAAP and there are limitations associated with their use. Our calculation of these non-GAAP measures may not be completely comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences between companies in the method of calculation. As a result the use of these non-GAAP measures has limitations and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, other measures such as Net income, Net income attributable to stockholders or operating cash flow. Due to these limitations, these non-GAAP measures are used as supplements to U.S. GAAP measures.

Management believes income before income taxes provides meaningful supplemental information regarding GM Financial's operating results. GM Financial uses a separate measure from our automotive operations because management believes interest income and interest expense are part of operating results when assessing and measuring the operational and financial performance of the segment.

The following table summarizes the reconciliation of our automotive segments EBIT-adjusted and GM Financial's income before income taxes to Net income attributable to stockholders and provide supplemental detail of the adjustments, which are presented net of noncontrolling interests (dollars in millions):

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Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
 
June 30, 2013
 
June 30, 2012
Automotive
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EBIT-adjusted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GMNA
$
1,976

 
97.6
 %
 
$
1,891

 
99.4
 %
 
$
3,390

 
94.0
 %
 
$
3,533

 
90.5
 %
GME
(110
)
 
(5.4
)%
 
(394
)
 
(20.7
)%
 
(285
)
 
(7.9
)%
 
(688
)
 
(17.6
)%
GMIO
228

 
11.3
 %
 
627

 
33.0
 %
 
723

 
20.0
 %
 
1,148

 
29.4
 %
GMSA
54

 
2.7
 %
 
16

 
0.8
 %
 
16

 
0.4
 %
 
169

 
4.3
 %
Corporate
(126
)
 
(6.2
)%
 
(238
)
 
(12.5
)%
 
(236
)
 
(6.5
)%
 
(259
)
 
(6.6
)%
Total automotive EBIT-adjusted
2,022

 
100.0
 %
 
1,902

 
100.0
 %
 
3,608

 
100.0
 %
 
3,903

 
100.0
 %
Adjustments
104

 
 
 

 
 
 
(66
)
 
 
 
(612
)
 
 
Corporate interest income
77

 
 
 
86

 
 
 
156

 
 
 
175

 
 
Automotive interest expense
61

 
 
 
118

 
 
 
152

 
 
 
228

 
 
Loss on extinguishment of debt
240

 
 
 

 
 
 
240

 
 
 
18

 
 
Automotive Financing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GM Financial income before income taxes
254

 
 
 
217

 
 
 
434

 
 
 
398

 
 
Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income tax expense
742

 
 
 
241

 
 
 
1,151

 
 
 
457

 
 
Net income attributable to stockholders
$
1,414

 
 
 
$
1,846

 
 
 
$
2,589

 
 
 
$
3,161

 
 

Our automotive operations interest and income taxes are recorded centrally in Corporate; therefore, there are no reconciling items for our automotive operating segments between EBIT-adjusted and Net income attributable to stockholders.

In the three months ended June 30, 2013 adjustments to EBIT consisted of the acquisition of GM Korea's preferred shares of $67 million in GMIO and pension settlement credits of $37 million in GMNA.

In the six months ended June 30, 2013 adjustments to EBIT consisted of Venezuela currency devaluation of $162 million in GMSA and the acquisition of GM Korea's preferred shares of $67 million and net pension settlement charges and income related to various insurance recoveries, net, of $29 million.

In the six months ended June 30, 2012 adjustments to EBIT consisted of Goodwill impairment charges of $590 million in GME and $22 million in GMIO, which is presented net of noncontrolling interests.

Forward-Looking Statements

In this report and in reports we subsequently file and have previously filed with the SEC on Forms 10-K and 10-Q and file or furnish on Form 8-K, and in related comments by our management, we use words like “anticipate,” “approximately,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “designed,” “effect,” “estimate,” “evaluate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “goal,” “initiative,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “outlook,” “plan,” “potential,” “priorities,” “project,” “pursue,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “when,” “would,” or the negative of any of those words or similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements that represent our current judgment about possible future events. In making these statements we rely on assumptions and analyses based on our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments as well as other factors we consider appropriate under the circumstances. We believe these judgments are reasonable, but these statements are not guarantees of any events or financial results, and our actual results may differ materially due to a variety of important factors, both positive and negative. These factors, which may be revised or supplemented in subsequent reports on SEC Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, include among others the following:

Our ability to realize production efficiencies and to achieve reductions in costs as a result of our restructuring initiatives and labor modifications;
Our ability to maintain quality control over our vehicles and avoid material vehicle recalls;
Our ability to maintain adequate liquidity and financing sources including as required to fund our planned significant investment in new technology;
Our ability to realize successful vehicle applications of new technology;

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Shortages of and increases or volatility in the price of oil, including as a result of political instability in the Middle East and African nations;
Our ability to continue to attract customers, particularly for our new products, including cars and crossover vehicles;
Availability of adequate financing on acceptable terms to our customers, dealers, distributors and suppliers to enable them to continue their business relationships with us;
The ability of our suppliers to deliver parts, systems and components without disruption and at such times to allow us to meet production schedules;
Our ability to manage the distribution channels for our products;
Our ability to successfully restructure our European operations;
The continued availability of both wholesale and retail financing from Ally Financial and its affiliates and other finance companies in markets in which we operate to support our ability to sell vehicles, which is dependent on those entities' ability to obtain funding and their continued willingness to provide financing;
Our continued ability to develop captive financing capability, including GM Financial;
GM Financial's ability to successfully integrate certain Ally Financial international operations;
Overall strength and stability of the automotive industry, both in the U.S. and in global markets, particularly Europe;
Continued economic instability or poor economic conditions in the U.S., Europe and other global markets, including the credit markets, or changes in economic conditions, commodity prices, housing prices, foreign currency exchange rates or political stability in the markets in which we operate;
Significant changes in the competitive environment, including the effect of competition and excess manufacturing capacity in our markets, on our pricing policies or use of incentives and the introduction of new and improved vehicle models by our competitors;
Significant changes in economic, political and market conditions in China, including the effect of competition from new market entrants, on our vehicle sales and market position in China;
Changes in the existing, or the adoption of new, laws, regulations, policies or other activities of governments, agencies and similar organizations, including where such actions may affect the production, licensing, distribution or sale of our products, the cost thereof or applicable tax rates;
Costs and risks associated with litigation;
Significant increases in our pension expense or projected pension contributions resulting from changes in the value of plan assets, the discount rate applied to value the pension liabilities or other assumption changes; and
Changes in accounting principles, or their application or interpretation, and our ability to make estimates and the assumptions underlying the estimates, which could have an effect on earnings.

We caution readers not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or other factors that affect the subject of these statements, except where we are expressly required to do so by law.

*  *  *  *  *  *  *

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There have been no significant changes in our exposure to market risk since December 31, 2012. Refer to Item 7A in our 2012 Form 10-K.

*  *  *  *  *  *  *

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures


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We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the specified time periods and accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our Chairman and CEO and Executive Vice President and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) at June 30, 2013. Based on this evaluation required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2013.

Changes in Internal Controls

There have not been any changes in internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

*  *  *  *  *  *  *


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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The discussion in the following paragraph provides an update of developments that have occurred in a material pending legal proceeding to which we are a party, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business. The proceeding that is being updated is fully described in our 2012 Form 10-K as updated in our Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2013.
  
As previously reported, on August 6, 2012, Saab Automobile AB and Spyker N.V. filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan alleging that GM tortiously interfered with their efforts to secure an investment in Saab Automobile AB from Zheijian Youngman Lotus Automobile Co., Ltd and its affiliates by making public statements to the effect that GM did not favor the proposed transaction. On June 18, 2013 the Court granted GM's motion to dismiss the case on multiple alternative grounds. Saab and Spyker have appealed.

*  *  *  *  *  *  *

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We face a number of significant risks and uncertainties in connection with our operations. Our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected by these risk factors. There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors disclosed in our 2012 Form 10-K.
*  *  *  *  *  *  *


Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities for Cash

No shares were repurchased in the three months ended June 30, 2013.

Other Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table summarizes our non-cash purchases of equity securities in each of the three months ended June 30, 2013:
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased(a)
 
Average Price Paid per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased Under the Program
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Program
April 1, 2013 through April 30, 2013
20,685

 
$
28.36

 
N/A
 
N/A
May 1, 2013 through May 31, 2013
2,477

 
$
31.07

 
N/A
 
N/A
June 1, 2013 through June 30, 2013
3,876,069

 
$
34.07

 
N/A
 
N/A
Total
3,899,231

 
$
34.04

 
 
 
 
________
N/A = not applicable

(a)
Represents shares of common stock delivered by employees or directors back to us for the payment of taxes resulting from issuance of common stock upon the vesting of Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards relating to compensation plans and shares of common stock retained by us for the payment of the exercise price upon the exercise of warrants. Refer to Note 21 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional details on employee stock incentive plans and Note 24 to our consolidated financial statements in our 2012 Form 10-K for additional details on warrants issued.

*  *  *  *  *  *  *

Item 6. Exhibits

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Exhibit
Number
 
Exhibit Name
 
 
31.1
 
Section 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer
 
Filed Herewith
31.2
 
Section 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer
 
Filed Herewith
32
 
Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
Furnished with this Report
101.INS*
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
Furnished with this Report
101.SCH*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
Furnished with this Report
101.CAL*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report
101.DEF*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report
101.LAB*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report
101.PRE*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
Furnished with this Report
________
*
Submitted electronically with this Report.


* * * * * * *


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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.


 
 
GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY
(Registrant)


 
 
 
By:
/s/ THOMAS S. TIMKO
 
 
 
 
Thomas S. Timko, Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
 
Date:
July 25, 2013
 
 
 


58


EX-31.1-06302013


Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Daniel F. Akerson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of General Motors Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the Audit Committee of the registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.



/s/ DANIEL F. AKERSON     
Daniel F. Akerson
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer


Date: July 25, 2013



EX-31.2-06302013


Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Daniel Ammann, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of General Motors Company;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the Audit Committee of the registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.



/s/ DANIEL AMMANN
Daniel Ammann
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer


Date: July 25, 2013


EX-32-06302013


Exhibit 32




CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of General Motors Company (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2013 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of such officer's knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.




/s/ DANIEL F. AKERSON
Daniel F. Akerson
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer


/s/ DANIEL AMMANN
Daniel Ammann
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Date: July 25, 2013