0001467858-23-000029 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 17, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-34960
Entity Registrant Name	GENERAL MOTORS COMPANY
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	27-0756180
Entity Address, Address Line One	300 Renaissance Center,
Entity Address, City or Town	Detroit,
Entity Address, State or Province	MI
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	48265
City Area Code	313
Local Phone Number	667-1500
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	GM
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 46.2
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		1,394,637,226
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement related to the Annual Stockholders Meeting to be filed subsequently are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
Entity Central Index Key	0001467858
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2022
Auditor [Abstract]
Auditor Location	Detroit, Michigan
Auditor Name	Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Firm ID	42

Consolidated Income Statements - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Net sales and revenue
Automotive	$ 143,975	$ 113,590	$ 108,673
GM Financial	12,760	13,414	13,812
Total net sales and revenue (Note 3)	156,735	127,004	122,485
Costs and expenses
Total costs and expenses	146,421	117,680	115,851
Operating income (loss)	10,315	9,324	6,634
Interest income and other non-operating income, net (Note 19)	1,432	3,041	1,885
Equity income (loss) (Note 8)	837	1,301	674
Income (loss) before income taxes	11,597	12,716	8,095
Income tax expense (benefit) (Note 17)	1,888	2,771	1,774
Net income (loss)	9,708	9,945	6,321
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	226	74	106
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	9,934	10,019	6,427
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$ 8,915	$ 9,837	$ 6,247
Earnings per share (Note 21)
Basic earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 6.17	$ 6.78	$ 4.36
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic (in shares)	1,445	1,451	1,433
Diluted earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 6.13	$ 6.70	$ 4.33
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted (in shares)	1,454	1,468	1,442
Automotive
Net sales and revenue
Automotive	$ 143,975	$ 113,590	$ 108,673
Costs and expenses
Automotive and other cost of sales	126,892	100,544	97,539
Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense	10,667	8,554	7,038
Total interest expense	987	950	1,098
GM Financial
Net sales and revenue
GM Financial	12,760	13,414	13,812
Costs and expenses
GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses	$ 8,862	$ 8,582	$ 11,274

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 9,708	$ 9,945	$ 6,321
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 20)
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	(340)	80	(523)
Defined benefit plans	1,677	4,126	(1,795)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	1,337	4,206	(2,318)
Comprehensive income (loss)	11,045	14,151	4,003
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	257	87	92
Comprehensive income attributable to stockholders (loss)	$ 11,303	$ 14,238	$ 4,095

- Definition

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), attributable to noncontrolling interests. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

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- Definition

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

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- Definition

Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).

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+ Details

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 19,153	$ 20,067
Marketable debt securities (Note 4)	12,150	8,609
Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance of $260 and $192	13,333	7,394
Inventories (Note 6)	15,366	12,988
Other current assets (Note 4; Note 11 at VIEs)	6,825	6,396
Total current assets	100,451	82,103
Non-current Assets
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates (Note 8)	10,176	9,677
Property, net (Note 9)	45,248	41,115
Goodwill and intangible assets, net (Note 10)	4,945	5,087
Equipment on operating leases, net (Note 7; Note 11 at VIEs)	32,701	37,929
Deferred income taxes (Note 17)	20,539	21,152
Other assets (Note 4; Note 11 at VIEs)	9,386	11,488
Total non-current assets	163,586	162,615
Total Assets	264,037	244,718
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable (principally trade)	27,486	20,391
Accrued liabilities (Note 12)	24,910	20,297
Total current liabilities	91,173	74,408
Non-current Liabilities
Postretirement benefits other than pensions (Note 15)	4,193	5,743
Pensions (Note 15)	5,698	8,008
Other liabilities (Note 12)	14,767	15,085
Total non-current liabilities	100,579	104,495
Total Liabilities	191,752	178,903
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Noncontrolling interest - Cruise stock incentive awards (Note 20)	357	0
Equity (Note 20)
Common stock, $0.01 par value	14	15
Additional paid-in capital	26,428	27,061
Retained earnings	49,251	41,937
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(7,901)	(9,269)
Total stockholders’ equity	67,792	59,744
Noncontrolling interests	4,135	6,071
Total Equity	71,927	65,815
Total Liabilities and Equity	264,037	244,718
GM Financial
Current Assets
GM Financial receivables, net of allowance of $869 and $703 (Note 5; Note 11 at VIEs)	33,623	26,649
Non-current Assets
GM Financial receivables, net of allowance of $1,227 and $1,183 (Note 5; Note 11 at VIEs)	40,591	36,167
Current Liabilities
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)	36,819	33,257
Non-current Liabilities
Long-term debt (Note 13)	60,036	59,304
Automotive
Current Liabilities
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (Note 13)	1,959	463
Non-current Liabilities
Long-term debt (Note 13)	$ 15,885	$ 16,355

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Common stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)
Automotive
Allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable, current	260	192
GM Financial
Allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable, current	869	703
Allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable, noncurrent	$ 1,227	$ 1,183

Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$ 9,708	$ 9,945	$ 6,321
Depreciation and impairment of Equipment on operating leases, net	4,839	6,076	7,178
Depreciation, amortization and impairment charges on Property, net	6,451	5,975	5,637
Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction (gains) losses	172	(17)	203
Undistributed earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates, net	193	(517)	524
Pension contributions and OPEB payments	(790)	(838)	(851)
Pension and OPEB income, net	(1,189)	(1,605)	(765)
Provision (benefit) for deferred taxes	425	2,214	925
Change in other operating assets and liabilities (Note 24)	(2,977)	(3,366)	(399)
Other operating activities	(790)	(2,679)	(2,103)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	16,043	15,188	16,670
Cash flows from investing activities
Expenditures for property	(9,238)	(7,509)	(5,300)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, acquisitions	(11,837)	(8,962)	(16,204)
Available-for-sale marketable securities, liquidations	8,057	9,347	11,941
Purchases of finance receivables, net	(33,974)	(33,009)	(30,090)
Principal collections and recoveries on finance receivables	26,887	24,622	19,726
Purchases of leased vehicles, net	(11,949)	(14,602)	(15,233)
Proceeds from termination of leased vehicles	14,234	14,393	13,399
Other investing activities	(62)	(635)	(65)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(17,882)	(16,355)	(21,826)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in short-term debt	373	2,912	277
Proceeds from issuance of debt (original maturities greater than three months)	45,813	45,300	78,527
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)	(39,606)	(47,806)	(72,663)
Payments to purchase common stock	(2,500)	0	(90)
Issuance (redemption) of subsidiary stock (Note 20)	(2,121)
Issuance (redemption) of subsidiary stock (Note 20)		1,736	492
Dividends paid	(397)	(186)	(669)
Other financing activities	(1,178)	(212)	(322)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	383	1,744	5,552
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(138)	(152)	(222)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(1,594)	425	174
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	23,542	23,117	22,943
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	21,948	23,542	23,117
Significant Non-cash Investing and Financing Activity
Non-cash property additions	$ 5,376	$ 4,305	$ 2,300

Consolidated Statements Of Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Retained Earnings Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Retained Earnings Preferred Stock	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Noncontrolling Interests	Noncontrolling Interests Preferred Stock
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 45,957	$ (660)		$ 14	$ 26,074	$ 26,860	$ (660)		$ (11,156)	$ 4,165
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	6,321					6,427				(106)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(2,318)								(2,332)	14
Issuance (redemption) of subsidiary stock (Note 20)			$ 544								$ 544
Purchase of common stock	(90)				(57)	(33)
Stock based compensation	515				525	(10)
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(545)					(545)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(46)									(46)
Other	(1)					(77)				76
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2020	49,677			14	26,542	31,962			(13,488)	4,647
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2019	0
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2020	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	9,945					10,019				(74)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	4,206								4,219	(13)
Issuance (redemption) of subsidiary stock (Note 20)			1,736								1,736
Stock based compensation	523				526	(3)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(186)									(186)
Other	(86)			1	(7)	(41)				(39)
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2021	65,815			15	27,061	41,937			(9,269)	6,071
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2021	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)	9,708					9,934				(226)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	1,337								1,368	(31)
Issuance (redemption) of subsidiary stock (Note 20)			$ (2,121)					$ (909)			$ (1,212)
Purchase of common stock	(2,500)			(1)	(1,153)	(1,347)
Stock based compensation	294				299	(5)
Cash dividends paid on common stock	(257)					(257)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests	(140)					(12)				(127)
Other	(208)				221	(90)				(340)
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2022	71,927			$ 14	$ 26,428	$ 49,251			$ (7,901)	$ 4,135
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock based compensation	299
Other	59
Balance at end of period at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 357

Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation	12 Months Ended
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation	Dec. 31, 2022
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation [Abstract]
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation	Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation General Motors Company was incorporated as a Delaware corporation in 2009. We design, build and sell trucks, crossovers, cars and automobile parts and provide software-enabled services and subscriptions worldwide. Additionally, we are investing in and growing an AV business. We also provide automotive financing services through GM Financial. We analyze the results of our operations through the following segments: GMNA, GMI, Cruise and GM Financial. Cruise is our global segment responsible for the development and commercialization of AV technology. Nonsegment operations are classified as Corporate. Corporate includes certain centrally recorded income and costs such as interest, income taxes, corporate expenditures and certain nonsegment-specific revenues and expenses. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Except for per share amounts or as otherwise specified, amounts presented within tables are stated in millions. Certain columns and rows may not add due to rounding. Principles of Consolidation We consolidate entities that we control due to ownership of a majority voting interest and we consolidate variable interest entities (VIEs) when we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Our share of earnings or losses of nonconsolidated affiliates is included in our consolidated operating results using the equity method of accounting when we are able to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of the affiliate. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements Accounting estimates are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. These estimates require the use of judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the periods presented. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in making estimates, actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods. GM Financial The amounts presented for GM Financial are adjusted to reflect the impact on GM Financial's deferred tax positions and provision for income taxes resulting from the inclusion of GM Financial in our consolidated tax return and to eliminate the effect of transactions between GM Financial and the other members of the consolidated group. Accordingly, the amounts presented will differ from those presented by GM Financial on a stand-alone basis.

Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Significant Accounting Policies	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Significant Accounting Policies	Significant Accounting Policies The accounting policies that follow are utilized by our automotive, automotive financing and Cruise operations, unless otherwise indicated. Revenue Recognition Automotive Automotive net sales and revenue represents the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for vehicle, parts and accessories and services and other sales. The consideration recognized represents the amount received, typically shortly after the sale to a customer, net of estimated dealer and customer sales incentives we reasonably expect to pay. Significant factors in determining our estimates of incentives include forecasted sales volume, product mix and the rate of customer acceptance of incentive programs, all of which are estimated based on historical experience and assumptions concerning future customer behavior and market conditions. Subsequent adjustments to incentive estimates are possible as facts and circumstances change over time. A portion of the consideration received is deferred for separate performance obligations, such as maintenance, services and vehicle connectivity, that will be provided to our customers at a future date. Taxes assessed by various government entities, such as sales, use and value-added taxes, collected at the time of the vehicle sale are excluded from Automotive net sales and revenue. Costs for shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the vehicle transfers to the dealer are recognized at the time of sale and presented in Automotive and other cost of sales. Vehicle, Parts and Accessories For the majority of vehicle and accessories sales, our customers obtain control and we recognize revenue when the vehicle transfers to the dealer, which typically occurs either when the vehicle is released to the carrier responsible for transporting it to a dealer or upon delivery to a dealer. Revenue, net of estimated returns, is recognized on the sale of parts upon delivery to the customer. When our customers have a right to return eligible parts and accessories, we consider the returns in our estimation of the transaction price. Typically, transfers to daily rental companies are accounted for as sales, with revenue recognized at the time of transfer. We defer revenue for remarketing obligations, record a residual value guarantee and reflect a liability for amounts expected to be paid once the remarketing services are complete at the time of sale and recognize deferred revenue in earnings upon completion of the remarketing service. Used Vehicles Proceeds from the auction of vehicles utilized by our employees are recognized in Automotive net sales and revenue upon transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer and the related vehicle carrying value is recognized in Automotive and other cost of sales. Services and Other Services and other revenue primarily consists of revenue from vehicle-related service arrangements and after-sale services such as maintenance, OnStar, Super Cruise, vehicle connectivity and extended service warranties. For those service arrangements that are bundled with a vehicle sale, a portion of the revenue from the sale is allocated to the service component and recognized as deferred revenue within Accrued liabilities or Other liabilities. We recognize revenue for bundled services and services sold separately as services are performed, typically over a period of up to seven years. Automotive Financing - GM Financial Finance charge income earned on finance receivables is recognized using the effective interest method. Fees and commissions received (including manufacturer subvention) and direct costs of originating loans are deferred and amortized over the term of the related finance receivables using the effective interest method and are removed from the consolidated balance sheets when the related finance receivables are fully charged off or paid in full. Accrual of finance charge income on retail finance receivables is generally suspended on accounts that are more than 60 days delinquent, accounts in bankruptcy and accounts in repossession. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are first applied to any fees due, then to any interest due and then any remaining amounts are applied to principal. Interest accrual generally resumes once an account has received payments bringing the delinquency to less than 60 days past due. Accrual of finance charge income on commercial finance receivables is generally suspended on accounts that are more than 90 days delinquent, upon receipt of a bankruptcy notice from a borrower, or where reasonable doubt exists about the full collectability of contractually agreed upon principal and interest. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are first applied to principal. Interest accrual resumes once an account has received payments bringing the account fully current and collection of contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured (including amounts previously charged off). Income from operating lease assets, which includes lease origination fees, net of lease origination costs, is recorded as operating lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement. Gains or losses realized upon disposition of off-lease assets including any payments received from lessees upon lease termination, are included in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Advertising and Promotion Expenditures Advertising and promotion expenditures, which are expensed as incurred in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense, were $4.0 billion, $3.3 billion and $2.7 billion in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Research and Development Expenditures Research and development expenditures, which are expensed as incurred in Automotive and other cost of sales, were $9.8 billion, $7.9 billion and $6.2 billion in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. We enter into co-development arrangements with third parties or nonconsolidated affiliates for product-related research, engineering, design and development activities. Cost sharing payments and fees related to these arrangements are presented in Automotive and other cost of sales. Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly-liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. Certain operating agreements require us to post cash as collateral. Cash and cash equivalents subject to contractual restrictions and not readily available are classified as restricted cash. Restricted cash is invested in accordance with the terms of the underlying agreements and include amounts related to various deposits, escrows and other cash collateral. Restricted cash is included in Other current assets and Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Fair Value Measurements A three-level valuation hierarchy, based upon observable and unobservable inputs, is used for fair value measurements. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions based on the best evidence available. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy: Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations whose significant inputs are observable; and Level 3 – Instruments whose significant inputs are unobservable. Marketable Debt Securities We generally classify marketable debt securities as available-for-sale. Various factors, including turnover of holdings and investment guidelines, are considered in determining the classification of securities. Available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair value with non-credit related unrealized gains and losses recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss until realized. Credit losses are recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. An evaluation is made quarterly to determine if any portion of unrealized losses recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss needs to be reclassified. Non-credit related unrealized losses are reclassified to Interest income and other non-operating income, net if we intend to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before the recovery of the unrealized loss. We determine realized gains and losses for all debt securities using the specific identification method and measure the fair value of our marketable debt securities using a market approach where identical or comparable prices are available and an income approach in other cases. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values of securities are determined using prices from a pricing service, pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flow models. These prices represent non-binding quotes. Our pricing service utilizes industry-standard pricing models that consider various inputs. We review our pricing service quarterly and believe the prices received from our pricing service are a reliable representation of exit prices. Accounts and Notes Receivable Accounts and notes receivable primarily consists of amounts that are due and payable from our customers for the sale of vehicles, parts and accessories. We evaluate the collectability of receivables each reporting period and record an allowance for doubtful accounts to present the net amount expected to be collected on our receivables. Additions to the allowance are charged to bad debt expense reported in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense and were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. GM Financial Receivables Finance receivables are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for loan losses. Provisions for loan losses are charged to operations in amounts sufficient to maintain the allowance for loan losses at levels considered adequate to cover expected credit losses on the finance receivables. For retail finance receivables, GM Financial uses static pool modeling techniques to determine the allowance for loan losses expected over the remaining life of the receivables, which is supplemented by management judgment. The modeling techniques incorporate reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions over the expected remaining life of the finance receivables. The economic forecasts incorporate factors which vary by region that GM Financial believes will have the largest impact on expected losses, including unemployment rates, interest rate spreads, disposable personal income and growth rates in gross domestic product. Troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) are grouped separately for purposes of measuring the allowance. The allowance for TDRs uses static pool modeling techniques like non-TDR retail finance receivables to determine the expected loss amount. The expected cash flows of the receivables are then discounted at the original weighted average effective interest rate of the pool. Factors considered when estimating the allowance for TDRs are based on an evaluation of historical and current information, which may be supplemented by management judgment. Finance charge income from loans classified as TDRs is accounted for in the same manner as other accruing loans. Cash collections on these loans are allocated according to the same payment hierarchy methodology applied to loans that are not classified as TDRs. Commercial finance receivables are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for loan losses and amounts held under a cash management program. GM Financial establishes the allowance for loan losses based on historical loss experience, as well as forecasted auto industry conditions, which is the economic indicator believed to have the largest impact on expected losses. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less cost to sell, and considers general market and economic conditions, periodic reviews of current profitability of vehicles, product warranty costs and the effect of estimated sales incentives. Net realizable value for off-lease and other vehicles is current auction sales proceeds less disposal and warranty costs. Productive material, supplies, work in process and service parts are reviewed to determine if inventory quantities are in excess of forecasted usage or if they have become obsolete. Equipment on Operating Leases Equipment on operating leases, net primarily consists of vehicle leases to retail customers with lease terms of two to five years. We are exposed to changes in the residual values of these assets. The residual values represent estimates of the values of the leased vehicles at the end of the lease agreements and are determined based on forecasted auction proceeds when there is a reliable basis to make such a determination. Realization of the residual values is dependent on the future ability to market the vehicles under prevailing market conditions. The estimate of the residual value is evaluated over the life of the arrangement and adjustments may be made to the extent the expected value of the vehicle changes. Adjustments may be in the form of revisions to the depreciation rate or recognition of an impairment charge. A lease vehicle asset group is determined to be impaired if an impairment indicator exists and the expected future cash flows, which include estimated residual values, are lower than the carrying amount of the vehicle asset group. If the carrying amount is considered impaired an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value of the vehicle asset group. Fair value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows, including estimated residual values. In our automotive finance operations when a leased vehicle is returned or repossessed the asset is recorded in Other assets at the lower of amortized cost or net realizable value. Upon disposition a gain or loss is recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses for any difference between the net book value of the leased asset and the proceeds from the disposition of the asset. Equity Investments When events and circumstances warrant, equity investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting are evaluated for impairment. An impairment charge is recorded whenever a decline in value of an equity investment below its carrying amount is determined to be other-than-temporary. Impairment charges related to equity method investments are recorded in Equity income. Equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting are measured at fair value or in certain cases adjusted to fair value upon an observable price change, with changes in fair value recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Property, net Property, plant and equipment, including internal use software, is recorded at cost. Major improvements that extend the useful life or add functionality are capitalized. The gross amount of assets under finance leases is included in property, plant and equipment. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. We depreciate depreciable property using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of lease or the life of the asset, whichever is shorter. The amortization of the assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. Upon retirement or disposition of property, plant and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in earnings. Impairment charges related to property are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales, Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Special Tools Special tools represent product-specific propulsion and non-propulsion related tools, dies, molds and other items used in the vehicle manufacturing process. Expenditures for special tools are recorded at cost and are capitalized. We amortize special tools over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method or an accelerated amortization method based on their historical and estimated production volume. Impairment charges related to special tools are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales. Goodwill Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment annually on October 1 and when events warrant such a review. The impairment test entails an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. If it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, then a quantitative impairment test is performed. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Intangible Assets, net Intangible assets, excluding goodwill, primarily include brand names, technology and intellectual property, customer relationships and dealer networks. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line or an accelerated method of amortization over their estimated useful lives. Amortization of developed technology and intellectual property is recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales. Amortization of brand names, customer relationships and our dealer networks is recorded in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Impairment charges, if any, related to intangible assets are recorded in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or Automotive and other cost of sales. Valuation of Long-Lived Assets The carrying amount of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets to be held and used in the business is evaluated for impairment when events and circumstances warrant. If the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group is considered impaired, a loss is recorded based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value. Product-specific long-lived asset groups and non-product specific long-lived assets are separately tested for impairment on an asset group basis. Fair value is determined using either the market or sales comparison approach, cost approach or anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Long-lived assets to be disposed of other than by sale are considered held for use until disposition. Government Incentives and Grants We receive incentives from federal, state and local governments in different regions of the world that primarily encourage us to establish, maintain, or increase investment, employment, or production in the region. We account for government incentives as a reduction of expense, a reduction of the cost of the capital investment, or other income based on the substance of the incentive received. Benefits are generally recorded when there is reasonable assurance of receipt and amounts are recorded in earnings as the expenses in which the incentive is meant to offset are incurred, as we meet the conditions of the grant or as the capital investment is depreciated. At December 31, 2022, cash incentives receivable in Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance was $300 million, cash incentives receivable in Other assets was $248 million and deferred incentive income in Other liabilities was $250 million. In the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized $234 million in Automotive and other cost of sales associated with incentives. Current agreements expire at various dates through 2031 and we consider the risk that any amounts recognized will be returned to be remote. Pension and OPEB Plans Attribution, Methods and Assumptions The cost of benefits provided by defined benefit pension plans is recorded in the period employees provide service. The cost of pension plan amendments that provide for benefits already earned by plan participants is amortized over the expected period of benefit which may be the duration of the applicable collective bargaining agreement specific to the plan, the expected future working lifetime or the life expectancy of the plan participants. The cost of medical, dental, legal service and life insurance benefits provided through postretirement benefit plans is recorded in the period employees provide service. The cost of postretirement plan amendments that provide for benefits already earned by plan participants is amortized over the expected period of benefit which may be the average period to full eligibility or the average life expectancy of the plan participants. An expected return on plan asset methodology is utilized to calculate future pension expense for certain significant funded benefit plans. A market-related value of plan assets methodology is also utilized that averages gains and losses on the plan assets over a period of years to determine future pension expense. The methodology recognizes 60% of the difference between the fair value of assets and the expected calculated value in the first year and 10% of that difference over each of the next four years. The discount rate assumption is established for each of the retirement-related benefit plans at their respective measurement dates. In the U.S., we use a cash flow matching approach that uses projected cash flows matched to spot rates along a high-quality corporate bond yield curve to determine the present value of cash flows to calculate a single equivalent discount rate. We apply individual annual yield curve rates to determine the service cost and interest cost for our pension and OPEB plans to more specifically link the cash flows related to service cost and interest cost to bonds maturing in their year of payment. The benefit obligation for pension plans in Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany represents 90% of the non-U.S. pension benefit obligation at December 31, 2022. The discount rates for plans in Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany are determined using a cash flow matching approach like the U.S. Plan Asset Valuation Due to the lack of timely available market information for certain investments in the asset classes described below as well as the inherent uncertainty of valuation, reported fair values may differ from fair values that would have been used had timely available market information been available. Common and Preferred Stock Common and preferred stock for which market prices are readily available at the measurement date are valued at the last reported sale price or official closing price on the primary market or exchange on which they are actively traded and are classified in Level 1. Such equity securities for which the market is not considered to be active are valued via the use of observable inputs, which may include the use of adjusted market prices last available, bids or last available sales prices and/or other observable inputs and are classified in Level 2. Common and preferred stock classified in Level 3 are privately issued securities or other issues that are valued via the use of valuation models using significant unobservable inputs that generally consider aged (stale) pricing, earnings multiples, discounted cash flows and/or other qualitative and quantitative factors. Debt Securities Valuations for debt securities are based on quotations received from independent pricing services or from dealers who make markets in such securities. Debt securities priced via pricing services that utilize matrix pricing which considers readily observable inputs such as the yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type as well as dealer supplied prices, are classified in Level 2. Debt securities that are typically priced by dealers and pricing services via the use of proprietary pricing models which incorporate significant unobservable inputs are classified in Level 3. These inputs primarily consist of yield and credit spread assumptions, discount rates, prepayment curves, default assumptions and recovery rates. Investment Funds, Private Equity and Debt Investments and Real Estate Investments Investment funds, private equity and debt investments and real estate investments are valued based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) per Share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient to estimate fair value due to the absence of readily available market prices. NAVs are provided by the respective investment sponsors or investment advisers and are subsequently reviewed and approved by management. In the event management concludes a reported NAV does not reflect fair value or is not determined as of the financial reporting measurement date, we will consider whether and when deemed necessary to make an adjustment at the balance sheet date. In determining whether an adjustment to the external valuation is required, we will review material factors that could affect the valuation, such as changes in the composition or performance of the underlying investments or comparable investments, overall market conditions, expected sale prices for private investments which are probable of being sold in the short-term and other economic factors that may possibly have a favorable or unfavorable effect on the reported external valuation. Stock Incentive Plans Our stock incentive plans include RSUs, PSUs, stock options and awards that may be settled in our stock, the stock of our subsidiaries or in cash. We measure and record compensation expense based on the fair value of GM or Cruise's common stock on the date of grant for RSUs and PSUs and the grant date fair value, determined utilizing a lattice model or the Black-Scholes formula, for stock options and PSUs. We record compensation cost for service-based RSUs, PSUs and service-based stock options on a straight-line basis over the entire vesting period, or for retirement eligible employees over the requisite service period. In March 2022, all outstanding RSUs that settle in Cruise's common stock were modified to remove the liquidity vesting condition. Prospectively, RSUs that will settle in Cruise's common stock will vest solely upon satisfaction of a service condition. Compensation cost for awards that do not have an established accounting grant date, but for which the service inception date has been established, or are settled in cash is based on the fair value of GM or Cruise's common stock at the end of each reporting period. Compensation cost is also recorded on stock issued to settle awards based on the fair value of Cruise's common stock until such time that the stock has been issued for more than six months. Product Warranty and Recall Campaigns The estimated costs related to product warranties are accrued at the time products are sold and are charged to Automotive and other cost of sales. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of claims of each vehicle line or each model year of the vehicle line and assumptions about future activity and events. Revisions are made when necessary and are based on changes in these factors. The estimated costs related to recall campaigns are accrued when probable and estimable. In GMNA, we estimate the costs related to recall campaigns by applying a paid loss approach that considers the number of historical recall campaigns and the estimated cost for each recall campaign. The estimated costs associated with recall campaigns in other geographical regions are determined using the estimated costs of repairs and the estimated number of vehicles to be repaired. Costs associated with recall campaigns are charged to Automotive and other cost of sales. Revisions are made when necessary based on changes in these factors. Income Taxes The liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements using the statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is recorded in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date under the law. We record Global Intangible Low Tax Income (GILTI) as a current period expense when incurred. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets based on a more likely than not standard. Deferred income tax assets are evaluated quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required or should be adjusted. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted also considers all available positive and negative evidence factors. It is difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. We utilize a rolling three years of actual and current year results as the primary measure of cumulative losses in recent years. We record uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position, and for those tax positions that meet the more likely than not criteria, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. We record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions in Income tax expense. Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries that use the local currency as their functional currency are translated to U.S. Dollars based on the current exchange rate prevailing at each balance sheet date and any resulting translation adjustments are included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries whose local currency is not their functional currency are remeasured from their local currency to their functional currency and then translated to U.S. Dollars. Revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. Dollars using the average exchange rates prevailing for each period presented. The financial statements of any foreign subsidiary that has been identified as having a highly inflationary economy are remeasured as if the functional currency were the U.S. Dollar. Gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions and the effects of remeasurements discussed in the preceding paragraph are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales and GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses unless related to Automotive debt, which are recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Foreign currency transactions and remeasurements in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $172 million of losses, insignificant gains and $203 million of losses. Derivative Financial Instruments Derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of each derivative financial instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as an accounting hedge, as well as the type of hedging relationship identified. Cash flows for all derivative financial instruments are typically classified in cash flows from operating activities. Derivative instruments are not used for trading or speculative purposes. Automotive We utilize options, swaps and forward contracts to manage foreign currency and commodity price risk. The change in the fair value of option, swap and forward contracts not designated as an accounting hedge is recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Certain foreign currency and commodity forward contracts have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. The risk being hedged is foreign currency and commodity price risk related to forecasted transactions. The change in the fair value of these forward contracts is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and will be recognized in Automotive net sales and revenue or Automotive and other cost of sales when the hedged transaction impacts earnings. Forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at inception and throughout the hedge period. Automotive Financing - GM Financial GM Financial utilizes interest rate derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk and foreign currency derivative instruments to manage foreign currency risk. The change in fair value of the derivative instruments not designated as an accounting hedge is recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Certain interest rate and foreign currency swap agreements have been designated as fair value hedges. The risk being hedged is the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged debt attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate or the risk of changes in fair value attributable to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. If the swap has been designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the hedged item are recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. The change in fair value of the related hedge is also recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Certain interest rate swap and foreign currency swap agreements have been designated as cash flow hedges. The risk being hedged is the interest rate and foreign currency risk related to forecasted transactions. If the contract has been designated as a cash flow hedge, the change in the fair value of the cash flow hedge is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and is recognized in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses along with the earnings effect of the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recorded currently in earnings and are presented in the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Effective October 1, 2022, we adopted Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2022-03, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions" (ASU 2022-03), which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered in measuring fair value. The adoption of ASU 2022-03 was insignificant to our consolidated financial statements. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2022-02 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures" (ASU 2022-02), which eliminates the accounting guidance for TDRs and enhances certain disclosure requirements. We adopted ASU 2022-02 on a modified retrospective basis on January 1, 2023. The impact of the adoption of ASU 2022-02 was insignificant.

Revenue

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source for revenue generating segments:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	124,657	$	13,993	$	42	$	138,692	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	138,692
Used vehicles	483		33		—		516		—		—		—		516
Services and other	3,238		1,393		134		4,765		102		—		(101)		4,766
Automotive net sales and revenue	128,378		15,420		177		143,974		102		—		(101)		143,975
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		7,811		—		7,811
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		4,521		(2)		4,519
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		435		(4)		431
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		12,766		(6)		12,760
Net sales and revenue	$	128,378	$	15,420	$	177	$	143,974	$	102	$	12,766	$	(107)	$	156,735


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	97,515	$	10,956	$	14	$	108,485	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	108,485
Used vehicles	545		49		—		594		—		—		—		594
Services and other	3,248		1,167		90		4,505		106		—		(100)		4,511
Automotive net sales and revenue	101,308		12,172		104		113,584		106		—		(100)		113,590
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		9,026		—		9,026
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		4,103		—		4,103
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		290		(5)		285
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		13,419		(5)		13,414
Net sales and revenue	$	101,308	$	12,172	$	104	$	113,584	$	106	$	13,419	$	(105)	$	127,004


	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	92,749	$	10,593	$	1	$	103,343	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	103,343
Used vehicles	875		115		20		1,010		—		—		—		1,010
Services and other	3,109		878		329		4,316		103		—		(99)		4,320
Automotive net sales and revenue	96,733		11,586		350		108,669		103		—		(99)		108,673
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		9,530		—		9,530
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		3,996		(1)		3,995
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		305		(18)		287
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		13,831		(19)		13,812
Net sales and revenue	$	96,733	$	11,586	$	350	$	108,669	$	103	$	13,831	$	(118)	$	122,485

Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Adjustments to sales incentives for previously recognized sales were insignificant during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Contract liabilities in our Automotive segments primarily consist of maintenance, extended warranty and other service contracts of $3.3 billion and $2.5 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021, which are included in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities. We recognized revenue of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion related to contract liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. We expect to recognize revenue of $1.3 billion, $680 million and $1.4 billion in the years ending December 31, 2023, 2024 and thereafter related to contract liabilities at December 31, 2022.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130551-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130556-203045

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130550-203045

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130558-203045

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

+ Details

Marketable and Other Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Marketable Securities [Abstract]

Marketable and Other Securities

The following table summarizes the fair value of cash equivalents and marketable debt securities, which approximates cost:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and time deposits		$	8,921	$	7,881
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	1,012		722
Corporate debt	2	2,778		5,321
Sovereign debt	2	1,828		2,105
Total available-for-sale debt securities – cash equivalents		5,618		8,148
Money market funds	1	4,613		4,038
Total cash and cash equivalents(a)		$	19,153	$	20,067
Marketable debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	$	4,357	$	2,071
Corporate debt	2	5,147		3,396
Mortgage and asset-backed	2	538		575
Sovereign debt	2	2,108		2,567
Total available-for-sale debt securities – marketable securities(b)		$	12,150	$	8,609
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents		$	341	$	466
Money market funds	1	2,455		3,009
Total restricted cash		$	2,796	$	3,475

Available-for-sale debt securities included above with contractual maturities(c)
Due in one year or less		$	10,909
Due between one and five years		6,231


Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities		$	17,139

__________

(a) Includes $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion in Cruise at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(b) Includes $1.4 billion and $1.5 billion in Cruise at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(c) Excludes mortgage and asset-backed securities of $538 million at December 31, 2022 as these securities are not due at a single maturity date.

Proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale debt securities sold prior to maturity were $1.8 billion in the year ended December 31, 2022, and $1.9 billion in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities were $319 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 and insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Cumulative unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities were $344 million and insignificant at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,153	$	20,067
Restricted cash included in Other current assets	2,356		2,935
Restricted cash included in Other assets	440		540
Total	$	21,948	$	23,542

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

GM Financial

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions


	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Retail		Commercial(a)		Total		Retail		Commercial(a)		Total
GM Financial receivables	$	65,322	$	10,988	$	76,310	$	58,093	$	6,609	$	64,702
Less: allowance for loan losses	(2,062)		(34)		(2,096)		(1,839)		(47)		(1,886)
GM Financial receivables, net	$	63,260	$	10,954	$	74,214	$	56,254	$	6,562	$	62,816

Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 2 inputs					$	10,954					$	6,562
Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 3 inputs					$	62,150					$	57,613

__________

(a)Net of dealer cash management balances of $1.9 billion and $1.0 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Under the cash management program, subject to certain conditions, a dealer may choose to reduce the amount of interest on its floorplan line by making principal payments to GM Financial in advance.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	1,886	$	1,978	$	944
Impact of adoption ASU 2016-13	—		—		801
Provision for loan losses	654		248		881
Charge-offs	(1,138)		(897)		(1,169)
Recoveries	686		574		542
Effect of foreign currency	9		(17)		(21)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$	2,096	$	1,886	$	1,978

Retail Finance Receivables GM Financial's retail finance receivable portfolio includes loans made to consumers and businesses to finance the purchase of vehicles for personal and commercial use. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the retail finance receivables by FICO score or its equivalent, determined at origination, for each vintage of the retail finance receivables portfolio at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total		Percent
Prime – FICO score 680 and greater	$	22,677	$	13,399	$	7,991	$	2,254	$	1,019	$	205	$	47,543	72.8	%
Near-prime – FICO score 620 to 679	3,202		2,601		1,487		688		310		104		8,392		12.8	%
Sub-prime – FICO score less than 620	3,211		2,746		1,604		1,051		496		280		9,388		14.4	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589	$	65,322	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2021
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total		Percent
Prime – FICO score 680 and greater	$	19,729	$	12,408	$	4,078	$	2,298	$	763	$	143	$	39,419	67.9	%
Near-prime – FICO score 620 to 679	3,856		2,388		1,229		648		274		84		8,479		14.6	%
Sub-prime – FICO score less than 620	4,053		2,528		1,777		972		570		295		10,195		17.5	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	27,638	$	17,324	$	7,084	$	3,918	$	1,607	$	522	$	58,093	100.0	%

GM Financial reviews the ongoing credit quality of retail finance receivables based on customer payment activity. A retail account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date the payment was contractually due. Retail finance receivables are collateralized by vehicle titles and, subject to local laws, GM Financial generally has the right to repossess the vehicle in the event the customer defaults on the payment terms of the contract. The accrual of finance charge income had been suspended on delinquent retail finance receivables with contractual amounts due of $685 million and $602 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The following tables are consolidated summaries of the delinquency status of the outstanding amortized cost of retail finance receivables for each vintage of the portfolio at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior			Total		Percent
0-to-30 days	$	28,676	$	18,128	$	10,702	$	3,743	$	1,685	$	493		$	63,426	97.1	%
31-to-60 days	310		452		275		184		103		69			1,393		2.1	%
Greater-than-60 days	93		150		98		62		35		26			465		0.7	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	403		603		373		246		138		95			1,857		2.8	%
In repossession	11		14		6		4		2		1			39		0.1	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	414		617		380		249		140		96			1,896		2.9	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589		$	65,322	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2021
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior			Total		Percent
0-to-30 days	$	27,270	$	16,945	$	6,772	$	3,721	$	1,478	$	440		$	56,626	97.5	%
31-to-60 days	273		276		230		147		97		60			1,083		1.8	%
Greater-than-60 days	83		93		76		46		30		21			349		0.6	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	356		369		306		193		127		81			1,432		2.4	%
In repossession	12		10		6		4		2		1			35		0.1	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	368		379		312		197		129		82			1,467		2.5	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	27,638	$	17,324	$	7,084	$	3,918	$	1,607	$	522		$	58,093	100.0	%

The outstanding amortized cost of retail finance receivables that are considered TDRs was $2.1 billion and $1.9 billion, including $241 million and $219 million in nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Commercial Finance Receivables GM Financial's commercial finance receivables consist of dealer financings, primarily for dealer inventory purchases. Proprietary models are used to assign a risk rating to each dealer. GM Financial performs periodic credit reviews of each dealership and adjusts the dealership's risk rating, if necessary. There were no commercial finance receivables on nonaccrual status at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

GM Financial's commercial risk model and risk rating categories are as follows:


Rating						Description
I						Performing accounts with strong to acceptable financial metrics with at least satisfactory capacity to meet financial commitments.
II						Performing accounts experiencing potential weakness in financial metrics and repayment prospects resulting in increased monitoring.
III						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and have the distinct possibility of creating a loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
IV						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and inherent weaknesses that make collection of liquidation in full highly questionable or improbable.

Dealers with III and IV risk ratings are subject to additional monitoring and restrictions on funding, including suspension of lines of credit and liquidation of assets. The following tables summarize the credit risk profile by dealer risk rating of commercial finance receivables at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Year of Origination(a)														December 31, 2022
	Revolving		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior			Total		Percent
I	$	9,493	$	438	$	356	$	360	$	91	$	38	$	18		$	10,794	98.2	%
II	89		—		1		—		—		—		—			91		0.8	%
III	78		15		—		—		10		—		—			104		0.9	%
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—		—	%
Commercial finance receivables, net of fees	$	9,660	$	453	$	357	$	360	$	102	$	38	$	18		$	10,988	100.0	%

_________

(a)Floorplan advances comprise 97% of the total revolving balance. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.


	Year of Origination(a)														December 31, 2021
	Revolving		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior			Total		Percent
I	$	5,210	$	420	$	396	$	120	$	50	$	50	$	10		$	6,256	94.7	%
II	207		3		16		12		—		3		—			241		3.6	%
III	81		8		15		2		—		2		4			112		1.7	%
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—		—	%
Commercial finance receivables, net of fees	$	5,498	$	431	$	427	$	134	$	50	$	55	$	14		$	6,609	100.0	%

__________

(a)Floorplan advances comprise 94% of the total revolving balance. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.

Transactions with GM Financial The following table shows transactions between our Automotive segments and GM Financial. These amounts are presented in GM Financial's consolidated balance sheets and statements of income.


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Consolidated Balance Sheets(a)
Commercial finance receivables, net due from GM consolidated dealers	$	187	$	163
Receivables due from Cruise	$	113	$	—
Subvention receivable(b)	$	469	$	282
Commercial loan funding payable	$	105	$	26


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Consolidated Statements of Income
Interest subvention earned on finance receivables	$	984	$	820	$	679
Leased vehicle subvention earned	$	1,916	$	2,702	$	3,042

__________

(a)All balance sheet amounts are eliminated upon consolidation.

(b)Our Automotive segments made cash payments to GM Financial for subvention of $2.4 billion, $3.3 billion and $3.9 billion in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

GM Financial's Board of Directors declared and paid dividends of $1.7 billion, $3.5 billion and $800 million on its common stock in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Inventories

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Total productive material, supplies and work in process	$	8,014	$	8,240
Finished product, including service parts	7,353		4,748
Total inventories	$	15,366	$	12,988

Operating Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant, and Equipment, Lessor Asset under Operating Lease [Abstract]

Operating Leases

Our portfolio of leases primarily consists of real estate office space, manufacturing and warehousing facilities, land and equipment. Certain leases contain escalation clauses and renewal or purchase options, and generally our leases have no residual value guarantees or material covenants. We exclude leases with a term of one year or less from our balance sheet, and do not separate non-lease components from our real estate leases.

Rent expense under operating leases was $317 million, $294 million and $317 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Variable lease costs were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, operating lease right of use assets in Other assets were $1.1 billion, operating lease liabilities in Accrued liabilities were $247 million and $204 million and non-current operating lease liabilities in Other liabilities were $967 million and $1.0 billion. Operating lease right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations were $252 million and $328 million in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Our undiscounted future lease obligations related to operating leases having initial terms in excess of one year are $274 million, $240 million, $195 million, $160 million, $122 million and $396 million for the years 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027 and thereafter, with imputed interest of $173 million as of December 31, 2022. The weighted average discount rate was 4.0% and 3.5% and the weighted-average remaining lease term was 6.7 years and 7.1 years at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Payments for operating leases included in Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities were $314 million, $301 million and $309 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Lease agreements that have not yet commenced were $198 million at December 31, 2022.

Equipment on Operating Leases

Equipment on operating leases primarily consists of leases to retail customers of GM Financial.


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Equipment on operating leases	$	40,919	$	47,423
Less: accumulated depreciation	(8,218)		(9,494)
Equipment on operating leases, net	$	32,701	$	37,929

At December 31, 2022, the estimated residual value of our leased assets at the end of the lease term was $24.7 billion.

Depreciation expense related to Equipment on operating leases, net was $4.8 billion, $6.1 billion and $7.2 billion in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

The following table summarizes lease payments due to GM Financial on leases to retail customers:


	Years Ending December 31,
	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
Lease receipts under operating leases	$	4,880	$	2,804	$	1,049	$	117	$	2	$	—	$	8,852

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Equity in Net Assets of Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Nonconsolidated affiliates are entities in which we maintain an equity ownership interest and for which we use the equity method of accounting due to our ability to exert significant influence over decisions relating to their operating and financial affairs. Revenue and expenses of our joint ventures are not consolidated into our financial statements; rather, our proportionate share of the earnings of each joint venture is reflected as Equity income.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Automotive China equity income (loss)	$	677	$	1,098	$	512
Other joint ventures equity income (loss)	159		203		162
Total Equity income (loss)	$	837	$	1,301	$	674

Investments in Nonconsolidated Affiliates


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Automotive China carrying amount	$	6,714	$	7,156
Ultium Cells Holdings LLC carrying amount	1,463		650
Other investments carrying amount	1,998		1,871
Total equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	10,176	$	9,677

The carrying amount of our investments in certain joint ventures exceeded our share of the underlying net assets by $4.3 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021 primarily due to goodwill from the application of fresh-start reporting and the purchase of additional interests in nonconsolidated affiliates.

The following table summarizes our direct ownership interests in our China JVs:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Automotive China JVs
SAIC General Motors Corp., Ltd. (SGM)	50	%	50	%
Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center Co., Ltd.	50	%	50	%
SAIC General Motors Sales Co., Ltd. (SGMS)	49	%	49	%
SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (SGMW)	44	%	44	%
Shanghai OnStar Telematics Co., Ltd. (Shanghai OnStar)	40	%	40	%
SAIC GM (Shenyang) Norsom Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM Norsom)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM DY)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Powertrain Co., Ltd. (SGM DYPT)	25	%	25	%
Other joint ventures
SAIC-GMAC Automotive Finance Company Limited (SAIC-GMAC)	35	%	35	%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd.	35	%	35	%

SGM is a joint venture we established with Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) (50%). SGM has interests in three other joint ventures in China: SGM Norsom, SGM DY and SGM DYPT. These three joint ventures are jointly held by SGM (50%), SAIC (25%) and ourselves. These four joint ventures are engaged in the production, import and sale of a range of products under the Buick, Chevrolet and Cadillac brands. SGM also has interests in Shanghai OnStar (20%), SAIC-GMAC (20%) and SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd. (20%). Shanghai Automotive Group Finance Company Ltd., a subsidiary of SAIC, owns 45% of SAIC-GMAC. SAIC Financial Holdings Company, a subsidiary of SAIC, owns 45% of SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd.

Summarized Financial Data of Nonconsolidated Affiliates


	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Automotive China JVs		Others		Total		Automotive China JVs		Others		Total
Summarized Balance Sheet Data
Current assets	$	17,735	$	17,405	$	35,140	$	18,176	$	18,166	$	36,342
Non-current assets	12,428		10,826		23,254		13,948		10,042		23,990
Total assets	$	30,163	$	28,231	$	58,394	$	32,124	$	28,208	$	60,332

Current liabilities	$	23,267	$	17,498	$	40,765	$	24,320	$	17,141	$	41,461
Non-current liabilities	1,167		3,184		4,351		1,223		5,607		6,830
Total liabilities	$	24,434	$	20,682	$	45,116	$	25,543	$	22,748	$	48,291

Noncontrolling interests	$	904	$	—	$	904	$	867	$	—	$	867


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Summarized Operating Data
Automotive China JVs' net sales	$	35,857	$	42,776	$	38,736
Others' net sales	2,029		2,017		1,850
Total net sales	$	37,886	$	44,793	$	40,586

Automotive China JVs' net income	$	1,407	$	2,109	$	1,239
Others' net income	426		587		436
Total net income	$	1,833	$	2,696	$	1,675

Transactions with Nonconsolidated Affiliates Our nonconsolidated affiliates are involved in various aspects of the development, production and marketing of trucks, crossovers, cars and automobile parts. We enter into transactions with certain nonconsolidated affiliates to purchase and sell component parts and vehicles. The following tables summarize transactions with and balances related to our nonconsolidated affiliates:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Automotive sales and revenue	$	218	$	227	$	235
Automotive purchases, net	$	2,637	$	1,551	$	165
Dividends received	$	1,030	$	783	$	1,198
Operating cash flows	$	(1,133)	$	(616)	$	1,473


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accounts and notes receivable, net	$	1,089	$	1,004
Accounts payable	$	942	$	555
Undistributed earnings	$	1,918	$	2,111

Property

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]

Property


	Estimated Useful Lives in Years	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Land		$	1,307	$	1,301
Buildings and improvements	5-40	11,461		10,542
Machinery and equipment	3-27	33,413		31,444
Special tools	1-13	24,775		23,719
Construction in progress		7,340		5,395
Total property		78,295		72,401
Less: accumulated depreciation		(33,047)		(31,286)
Total property, net		$	45,248	$	41,115

The amount of capitalized software included in Property, net was $1.8 billion and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021. The amount of interest capitalized and excluded from Automotive interest expense related to Property, net was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	6,297	$	5,829	$	5,354
Impairment charges	$	12	$	—	$	86


Capitalized software amortization expense(a)	$	614	$	515	$	457

__________

(a) Included in depreciation and amortization expense.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill of $1.9 billion consisted of $1.3 billion in GM Financial and $571 million and $574 million in Cruise at December 31, 2022 and 2021.


	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Technology and intellectual property	$	767	$	564	$	203	$	764	$	555	$	209
Brands	4,294		1,658		2,636		4,296		1,550		2,746
Dealer network, customer relationships and other	960		765		195		966		748		218
Total intangible assets	$	6,021	$	2,987	$	3,034	$	6,026	$	2,853	$	3,173

Our amortization expense related to intangible assets was $139 million, $141 million and $144 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets is estimated to be approximately $166 million in each of the next five years.

Variable Interest Entities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities Consolidated VIEs

Automotive Financing - GM Financial

GM Financial uses special purpose entities (SPEs) that are considered VIEs to issue variable funding notes to third party bank-sponsored warehouse facilities or asset-backed securities to investors in securitization transactions. The debt issued by these VIEs is backed by finance receivables and leasing-related assets transferred to the VIEs (Securitized Assets). GM Financial determined that it is the primary beneficiary of the SPEs because the servicing responsibilities for the Securitized Assets give GM Financial the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the VIEs and the variable interests in the VIEs give GM Financial the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive residual returns that could potentially be significant. The assets of the VIEs serve as the sole source of repayment for the debt issued by these entities. Investors in the notes issued by the VIEs do not have recourse to GM Financial or its other assets, with the exception of customary representation and warranty repurchase provisions and indemnities that GM Financial provides as the servicer. GM Financial is not required to provide additional financial support to these SPEs. While these subsidiaries are included in GM Financial's consolidated financial statements, they are separate legal entities and their assets are legally owned by them and are not available to GM Financial's creditors or creditors of GM Financial's other subsidiaries.

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities related to GM Financial's consolidated VIEs:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Restricted cash – current	$	2,176	$	2,291
Restricted cash – non-current	$	360	$	449
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – current	$	19,896	$	15,344
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – non-current	$	18,748	$	16,518
GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net	$	18,456	$	16,143
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	21,643	$	19,876
GM Financial long-term debt	$	20,545	$	19,401

GM Financial recognizes finance charge, leased vehicle and fee income on the Securitized Assets and interest expense on the secured debt issued in a securitization transaction and records a provision for loan losses to recognize loan losses expected over the remaining life of the finance receivables.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

Automotive

Nonconsolidated VIEs principally include automotive related operating entities to which we provided financial support to ensure that our supply needs for production are met or are not disrupted. Our variable interests in these nonconsolidated VIEs include equity investments, accounts and loans receivable, committed financial support and other off-balance sheet

arrangements. The carrying amounts of assets were approximately $1.6 billion and $850 million and liabilities were insignificant related to our nonconsolidated VIEs at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with these VIEs was $3.3 billion and $2.1 billion, inclusive of $1.4 billion and $1.2 billion in committed capital contributions to Ultium Cells Holdings LLC at December 31, 2022 and 2021. We currently lack the power through voting or similar rights to direct the activities of these entities that most significantly affect their economic performance.

Accrued and Other Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued and Other Liabilities


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accrued liabilities
Dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	$	4,813	$	3,211
Deferred revenue	2,489		2,461
Product warranty and related liabilities	3,042		3,769
Payrolls and employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	3,298		2,937
Other	11,268		7,919
Total accrued liabilities	$	24,910	$	20,297

Other liabilities
Deferred revenue	$	3,552	$	3,010
Product warranty and related liabilities	5,488		6,005
Operating lease liabilities	967		1,012
Employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	512		622
Postemployment benefits including facility idling reserves	507		775
Other	3,740		3,661
Total other liabilities	$	14,767	$	15,085


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Product Warranty and Related Liabilities
Warranty balance at beginning of period	$	9,774	$	8,242	$	7,798
Warranties issued and assumed in period – recall campaigns	651		2,820		1,628
Warranties issued and assumed in period – product warranty	1,943		1,665		1,773
Payments	(4,097)		(3,249)		(2,986)
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties	297		315		41
Effect of foreign currency and other	(37)		(19)		(12)
Warranty balance at end of period	8,530		9,774		8,242
Less: Supplier recoveries balance at end of period(a)	1,184		2,039		224
Warranty balance, net of supplier recoveries at end of period	$	7,345	$	7,735	$	8,018

__________

(a)The current portion of supplier recoveries is recorded in Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance and the non-current portion is recorded in Other assets.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Product warranty expense, net of recoveries
Warranties issued and assumed in period	$	2,593	$	4,485	$	3,401
Supplier recoveries accrued in period	(261)		(2,175)		(322)
Adjustments and other	260		296		29
Warranty expense, net of supplier recoveries	$	2,592	$	2,606	$	3,108

We estimate our reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued for recall campaigns to be insignificant at December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements for more details.

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Automotive The following table presents debt in our automotive operations:


	December 31, 2022					December 31, 2021
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value			Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Secured debt	$	124	$	123		$	192	$	212
Unsecured debt(a)	17,340		16,323			16,277		19,995
Finance lease liabilities	381		381			349		362
Total automotive debt(b)	$	17,844	$	16,828		$	16,818	$	20,569

Fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs			$	15,971				$	19,085
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs			$	857				$	1,484


Available under credit facility agreements(c)			$	15,095				$	15,208
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding short-term debt(d)			6.1		%			9.8		%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt(d)			5.8		%			5.8		%

__________

(a)Primarily consist of senior notes.

(b)Includes net discount and debt issuance costs of $525 million and $512 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(c)Excludes our 364-day, $2.0 billion facility designated for exclusive use by GM Financial.

(d)Includes coupon rates on debt denominated in various foreign currencies and interest free loans.

In April 2022, we renewed our 364-day, $2.0 billion revolving credit facility allocated for the exclusive use of GM Financial, which now matures on April 4, 2023.

In August 2022, we issued $2.25 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes under our new Sustainable Finance Framework with a weighted-average interest rate of 5.51% and maturity dates in 2029 and 2032. We intend to allocate an amount equal to the net proceeds from these senior unsecured notes to finance or refinance, in whole or in part, new or existing green projects, assets or activities undertaken or owned by the Company that meet one or more eligibility criteria outlined in our Sustainable Finance Framework.

In December 2022, we early redeemed our $1.0 billion 5.40% senior unsecured notes with a maturity date of October 2023 and recorded an insignificant loss. Additionally, in the year ended December 31, 2022, we paid, prior to maturity, $529 million of unsecured term loans in GMI.

In January 2023, we gave notice to early redeem our $1.5 billion 4.875% senior unsecured notes with a maturity date of October 2023. The settlement of the early redemption of these senior unsecured notes is expected to occur during the first quarter of 2023 and is expected to have an immaterial impact on our 2023 results.

GM Financial The following table presents debt of GM Financial:


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Secured debt	$	42,131	$	41,467	$	39,338	$	39,401
Unsecured debt	54,723		52,270		53,223		54,357
Total GM Financial debt	$	96,854	$	93,738	$	92,561	$	93,758

Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs			$	91,545			$	92,250
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs			$	2,192			$	1,508

Secured debt consists of revolving credit facilities and securitization notes payable. Most of the secured debt was issued by VIEs and is repayable only from proceeds related to the underlying pledged assets. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on GM Financial's involvement with VIEs. GM Financial is required to hold certain funds in restricted cash accounts to provide additional collateral for borrowings under certain secured credit facilities. The weighted-average interest rate on secured debt was 1.70% at December 31, 2022. The revolving credit facilities have maturity dates ranging from 2023 to 2028 and securitization notes payable have maturity dates ranging from 2023 to 2035. At the end of the revolving period, if not renewed, the debt of revolving credit facilities will amortize over a defined period. In the year ended December 31, 2022, GM Financial renewed revolving credit facilities with total borrowing capacity of $26.3 billion and issued $24.3 billion in aggregate principal amount of securitization notes payable with an initial weighted-average interest rate of 3.40% and maturity dates ranging from 2023 to 2035.

Unsecured debt consists of senior notes, credit facilities and other unsecured debt. Senior notes outstanding at December 31, 2022 have maturity dates ranging from 2023 to 2032 and have a weighted-average interest rate of 3.20%. In the year ended December 31, 2022, GM Financial issued $9.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of senior notes with an initial weighted-average interest rate of 3.78% and maturity dates ranging from 2024 to 2032.

In 2021, GM Financial redeemed $1.5 billion in aggregate principal amount of 5.20% senior notes due in 2023. The redemption resulted in a $105 million loss on the early extinguishment of debt. The loss is included in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses.

Unsecured credit facilities and other unsecured debt have original maturities of up to five years. The weighted-average interest rate on these credit facilities and other unsecured debt was 6.97% at December 31, 2022.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Automotive interest expense	$	987	$	950	$	1,098
Automotive Financing - GM Financial interest expense	2,881		2,546		3,023
Total interest expense	$	3,868	$	3,496	$	4,121

The following table summarizes contractual maturities including finance leases at December 31, 2022:


	Automotive		Automotive Financing		Total
2023	$	1,961	$	36,912	$	38,873
2024	118		21,144		21,262
2025	2,597		15,340		17,937
2026	61		7,817		7,878
2027	1,805		6,505		8,310
Thereafter	11,827		10,130		21,957
	$	18,369	$	97,847	$	116,217

Compliance with Debt Covenants Several of our loan facilities, including our revolving credit facilities, require compliance with certain financial and operational covenants as well as regular reporting to lenders, including providing certain subsidiary financial statements. Certain of GM Financial’s secured debt agreements also contain various covenants, including maintaining portfolio performance ratios as well as limits on deferment levels. GM Financial’s unsecured debt obligations contain covenants including limitations on GM Financial's ability to incur certain liens. Failure to meet certain of these requirements may result in a covenant violation or an event of default depending on the terms of the agreement. An event of default may allow lenders to declare amounts outstanding under these agreements immediately due and payable, to enforce their interests against collateral pledged under these agreements or restrict our ability or GM Financial's ability to obtain additional borrowings. No technical defaults or covenant violations existed at December 31, 2022.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (g)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495348-112611

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

+ Details

Derivative Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments

Automotive The following table presents the notional amounts of derivative financial instruments in our automotive operations:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Derivatives not designated as hedges(a)
Foreign currency	2	$	4,072	$	4,228
Commodity	2	1,075		1,549
Stellantis warrants(b)	2	—		45
Total derivative financial instruments		$	5,148	$	5,822

__________

(a)The fair value of these derivative instruments at December 31, 2022 and 2021 and the gains/losses included in our consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were insignificant, unless otherwise noted.

(b)At December 31, 2021, we held 39.7 million warrants in Stellantis, which we exercised in September 2022. Upon exercise, the warrants converted into 69.1 million common shares of Stellantis, which we immediately sold back to Stellantis. Total net pre-tax proceeds, including dividends received, in connection with this transaction were approximately $1.1 billion. The fair value of these warrants, located in Other assets, was $1.4 billion at December 31, 2021. We recorded a loss in Interest income and other non-operating income of $363 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and gains of $316 million and $139 million for the years ended December, 2021 and 2020.

GM Financial The following table presents the gross fair value amounts of GM Financial's derivative financial instruments and the associated notional amounts:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
		Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities		Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedges(a)
Fair value hedges
Interest rate swaps	2	$	19,950	$	—	$	821	$	15,058	$	74	$	88
Foreign currency swaps	2	—		—		—		682		—		59
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps	2	1,434		34		1		611		12		4
Foreign currency swaps(b)	2	6,852		—		586		7,419		85		201
Derivatives not designated as hedges(a)
Interest rate contracts	2	113,975		2,268		1,984		110,053		846		339
Foreign currency contracts	2	—		—		—		148		—		—
Total derivative financial instruments(c)		$	142,212	$	2,302	$	3,392	$	133,971	$	1,017	$	691

__________

(a)The gains/losses included in our consolidated income statements and statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were insignificant, unless otherwise noted. Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net receivable position are included in Other assets. Amounts accrued for interest payments in a net payable position are included in Other liabilities.

(b)The effect of foreign currency cash flow hedges in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income include a $529 million loss recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and a $578 million loss reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into income for the year ended December 31, 2022 and insignificant activity in the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

(c)GM Financial held $553 million and $376 million of collateral from counterparties available for netting against GM Financial's asset positions, and posted $1.5 billion and an insignificant amount of collateral to counterparties available for netting against GM Financial's liability positions at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The fair value for Level 2 instruments was derived using the market approach based on observable market inputs including quoted prices of similar instruments and foreign exchange and interest rate forward curves.

The following amounts were recorded in the consolidated balance sheets related to items designated and qualifying as hedged items in fair value hedging relationships:


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Carrying Amount of Hedged Items		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments(a)		Carrying Amount of Hedged Items		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments(a)
Short-term unsecured debt	$	3,048	$	2	$	1,338	$	(1)
Long-term unsecured debt	25,271		779		23,626		(225)
GM Financial unsecured debt	$	28,319	$	781	$	24,964	$	(226)

__________

(a)Includes an insignificant amount and $246 million of unamortized gains remaining on hedged items for which hedge accounting has been discontinued at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits

Employee Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

Defined Benefit Pension Plans Defined benefit pension plans covering eligible U.S. hourly employees (hired prior to October 2007) and Canadian hourly employees (hired prior to October 2016) generally provide benefits of negotiated, stated amounts for each year of service and supplemental benefits for employees who retire with 30 years of service before normal retirement age. The benefits provided by the defined benefit pension plans covering eligible U.S. (hired prior to January 1, 2001) and Canadian salaried employees and employees in certain other non-U.S. locations are generally based on years of

service and compensation history. Accrual of defined pension benefits ceased in 2012 for U.S. and Canadian salaried employees. There is also an unfunded nonqualified pension plan primarily covering U.S. executives for service prior to January 1, 2007 and it is based on an “excess plan” for service after that date.

The funding policy for qualified defined benefit pension plans is to contribute annually not less than the minimum required by applicable laws and regulations or to directly pay benefit payments where appropriate. In the year ended December 31, 2022 all legal funding requirements were met. The following table summarizes contributions made to the defined benefit pension plans:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
U.S. hourly and salaried	$	71	$	67	$	68
Non-U.S.	332		371		396
Total	$	403	$	438	$	464

We expect to contribute approximately $60 million to our U.S. non-qualified plans and approximately $600 million to our non-U.S. pension plans in 2023.

Based on our current assumptions, over the next five years, we expect no significant mandatory contributions to our U.S. qualified pension plans and mandatory contributions totaling $269 million to our United Kingdom and Canada pension plans.

Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Certain hourly and salaried defined benefit plans provide postretirement medical, dental, legal service and life insurance to eligible U.S. and Canadian retirees and their eligible dependents. Certain other non-U.S. subsidiaries have postretirement benefit plans, although most non-U.S. employees are covered by government sponsored or administered programs. We made contributions to the U.S. OPEB plans of $335 million, $351 million and $343 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Plan participants' contributions were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Defined Contribution Plans We have defined contribution plans for eligible U.S. salaried and hourly employees that provide discretionary matching contributions. Contributions are also made to certain non-U.S. defined contribution plans. We made contributions to our defined contribution plans of $724 million, $606 million and $573 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Significant Plan Amendments, Benefit Modifications and Related Events

Other Remeasurements The SOA issued mortality improvement tables in the three months ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. We reviewed our recent mortality experience and we determined our current mortality assumptions are appropriate to measure our U.S. pension and OPEB plans obligations as of December 31, 2022. In 2020, we incorporated the SOA mortality improvement tables into our December 31, 2020 measurement of U.S. pension and OPEB plans' benefit obligations. The change in these assumptions decreased U.S. pension and OPEB plans’ obligations by $686 million as of December 31, 2020.

Pension and OPEB Obligations and Plan Assets


	Year Ended December 31, 2022						Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans		Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.		Non-U.S.				U.S.		Non-U.S.
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	$	60,208	$	18,314	$	6,124	$	66,468	$	20,807	$	6,656
Service cost	161		146		16		187		109		18
Interest cost	1,292		293		148		1,074		236		123


Actuarial (gains) losses	(12,010)		(3,797)		(1,289)		(2,564)		(1,015)		(282)
Benefits paid	(4,239)		(955)		(410)		(4,414)		(1,151)		(424)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		(1,361)		(69)		—		(509)		4

Curtailments, settlements and other	(595)		(58)		23		(543)		(163)		29
Ending benefit obligation	44,817		12,582		4,543		60,208		18,314		6,124
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	59,921		13,521		—		61,077		13,846		—
Actual return on plan assets	(10,258)		(2,257)		—		3,734		602		—
Employer contributions	71		332		387		67		371		400

Benefits paid	(4,239)		(955)		(410)		(4,414)		(1,151)		(424)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		(1,024)		—		—		10		—


Settlements and other	(594)		(87)		23		(543)		(157)		24
Ending fair value of plan assets	44,901		9,530		—		59,921		13,521		—
Ending funded status	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)	$	(287)	$	(4,793)	$	(6,124)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	$	1,557	$	1,552	$	—	$	1,896	$	1,440	$	—
Current liabilities	(62)		(316)		(350)		(70)		(338)		(381)
Non-current liabilities	(1,411)		(4,288)		(4,193)		(2,113)		(5,895)		(5,743)
Net amount recorded	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)	$	(287)	$	(4,793)	$	(6,124)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	$	(1,186)	$	(2,157)	$	(86)	$	(13)	$	(3,675)	$	(1,439)
Net prior service (cost) credit	5		(56)		10		7		(54)		15
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(1,181)	$	(2,213)	$	(76)	$	(6)	$	(3,729)	$	(1,424)

In the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the decrease in benefit obligations was primarily due to an increase in actuarial gains experienced by all plans as a result of an increase in discount rates.

The following table summarizes the total accumulated benefit obligations (ABO), the ABO and fair value of plan assets for defined benefit pension plans with ABO in excess of plan assets, and the projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for defined benefit pension plans with PBO in excess of plan assets:


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
ABO	$	44,798	$	12,505	$	60,188	$	18,244
Plans with ABO in excess of plan assets
ABO	$	5,668	$	4,739	$	8,396	$	6,464
Fair value of plan assets	$	4,214	$	211	$	6,233	$	300
Plans with PBO in excess of plan assets
PBO	$	5,687	$	4,815	$	8,415	$	6,533
Fair value of plan assets	$	4,214	$	211	$	6,223	$	300

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense along with the assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022									Year Ended December 31, 2021									Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.
Components of expense
Service cost	$	233		$	157		$	16		$	260		$	121		$	18		$	251		$	145		$	19
Interest cost	1,292			293			148			1,074			236			123			1,716			362			173
Expected return on plan assets	(3,000)			(534)			—			(3,178)			(610)			—			(3,267)			(675)			—
Amortization of net actuarial losses	18			133			67			26			212			97			16			171			74
Curtailments, settlements and other	(17)			10			(5)			15			7			(6)			17			241			(8)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$	(1,474)		$	59		$	226		$	(1,803)		$	(34)		$	232		$	(1,267)		$	244		$	258
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	5.47		%	4.85		%	5.51		%	2.78		%	2.13		%	2.97		%	2.37		%	1.62		%	2.53		%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	2.34		%	2.98		%	2.84		%	1.86		%	2.38		%	2.24		%	2.84		%	2.80		%	3.00		%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	5.38		%	4.39		%	N/A			5.63		%	4.67		%	N/A			5.88		%	4.96		%	N/A

_________

(a) The rate of compensation increase and the cash balance interest crediting rates do not have a significant effect on our U.S. pension and OPEB plans.

The non-service cost components of the net periodic pension and OPEB income are presented in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Refer to Note 19 for additional information.

U.S. pension plan service cost, which includes administrative expenses and Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation premiums, were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense are determined at the beginning of the period and updated for remeasurements. Non-U.S. pension plan administrative expenses included in service cost were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

In the three months ended December 31, 2020, we completed a $1.5 billion annuity purchase for salaried retirees in Canada. This resulted in a non-operating pension settlement charge of $130 million.

Assumptions

Investment Strategies and Long-Term Rate of Return Detailed periodic studies are conducted by our internal asset management group as well as outside actuaries and are used to determine the long-term strategic mix among asset classes, risk mitigation strategies and the expected long-term return on asset assumptions for the U.S. pension plans. The U.S. study includes a review of alternative asset allocation and risk mitigation strategies, anticipated future long-term performance and risk of the individual asset classes that comprise the plans' asset mix. Similar studies are performed for the significant non-U.S. pension plans with the assistance of outside actuaries and asset managers. While the studies incorporate data from recent plan performance and historical returns, the expected rate of return on plan assets represents our estimate of long-term prospective rates of return.

We continue to pursue various options to fund and de-risk our pension plans, including continued changes to the pension asset portfolio mix to reduce funded status volatility. The strategic asset mix and risk mitigation strategies for the plans are tailored specifically for each plan. Individual plans have distinct liabilities, liquidity needs and regulatory requirements. Consequently, there are different investment policies set by individual plan fiduciaries. Although investment policies and risk mitigation strategies may differ among plans, each investment strategy is considered to be appropriate in the context of the specific factors affecting each plan.

In setting new strategic asset mixes, consideration is given to the likelihood that the selected asset mixes will effectively fund the projected pension plan liabilities, while aligning with the risk tolerance of the plans' fiduciaries. The strategic asset mixes for U.S. defined benefit pension plans are increasingly designed to satisfy the competing objectives of improving funded positions (market value of assets equal to or greater than the present value of the liabilities) and mitigating the possibility of a deterioration in funded status.

Derivatives may be used to provide cost effective solutions for rebalancing investment portfolios, increasing or decreasing exposure to various asset classes and for mitigating risks, primarily interest rate, equity and currency risks. Equity and fixed income managers are permitted to utilize derivatives as efficient substitutes for traditional securities. Interest rate derivatives may be used to adjust portfolio duration to align with a plan's targeted investment policy and equity derivatives may be used to protect equity positions from downside market losses. Alternative investment managers are permitted to employ leverage, including through the use of derivatives, which may alter economic exposure.

In December 2022, an investment policy study was completed for the U.S. pension plans. As a result of changes to our capital market assumptions, the weighted-average long-term rate of return on assets increased from 5.4% at December 31, 2021 to 6.3% at December 31, 2022. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used in determining pension expense for non-U.S. plans is determined in a similar manner to the U.S. plans.

Target Allocation Percentages The following table summarizes the target allocations by asset category for U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
Equity	8	%	10	%	9	%	14	%
Debt	69	%	75	%	68	%	69	%
Other(a)	23	%	15	%	23	%	17	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

__________

(a) Primarily includes private equity, real estate and absolute return strategies, which mainly consist of hedge funds.

Assets and Fair Value Measurements The following tables summarize the fair value of U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plan assets by asset class:


	December 31, 2022								December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
U.S. Pension Plan Assets


Common and preferred stocks	$	1,222	$	—	$	3	$	1,225	$	2,554	$	—	$	—	$	2,554
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		9,606		—		9,606		—		14,924		—		14,924
Corporate and other debt securities	—		21,816		—		21,816		—		26,064		—		26,064



Other investments, net(b)	125		60		254		439		421		21		246		688




Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	1,347	$	31,482	$	257	33,086		$	2,975	$	41,009	$	246	44,230
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							5,124								7,304
Private equity and debt investments							3,936								4,415
Real estate investments							3,491								3,604
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							12,551								15,323
Other plan assets (liabilities), net(c)							(736)								368
Net plan assets							$	44,901							$	59,921


	December 31, 2022								December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Non-U.S. Pension Plan Assets


Common and preferred stocks	$	143	$	—	$	—	$	143	$	372	$	—	$	—	$	372
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		2,185		—		2,185		—		3,084		—		3,084
Corporate and other debt securities	—		2,570		1		2,571		—		3,379		2		3,381



Other investments, net(b)(d)	24		(70)		84		38		52		(66)		116		102




Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	167	$	4,685	$	85	4,937		$	424	$	6,397	$	118	6,939
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							3,124								4,963
Private equity and debt investments							483								593
Real estate investments							878								989
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							4,485								6,545
Other plan assets (liabilities), net(c)							108								37
Net plan assets							$	9,530							$	13,521

__________

(a)Includes U.S. and sovereign government and agency issues.

(b)Includes net derivative assets (liabilities).

(c)Cash held by the plans, net of amounts receivable/payable for unsettled security transactions and payables for investment manager fees, custody fees and other expenses.

(d)Level 2 Other investments, net includes Canadian repurchase agreements of approximately $150 million and $271 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The activity attributable to U.S. and non-U.S. Level 3 defined benefit pension plan investments was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Investment Fund Strategies Investment funds include hedge funds, funds of hedge funds, equity funds and fixed income funds. Hedge funds and funds of hedge funds managers typically seek to achieve their objectives by allocating capital across a broad array of funds and/or investment managers. Equity funds invest in U.S. common and preferred stocks as well as similar equity securities issued by companies incorporated, listed or domiciled in developed and/or emerging market countries. Fixed income funds include investments in high quality funds and, to a lesser extent, high yield funds. High quality fixed income

funds invest in government securities, investment-grade corporate bonds and mortgage and asset-backed securities. High yield fixed income funds invest in high yield fixed income securities issued by corporations, which are rated below investment grade. Other investment funds also included in this category primarily represent multi-strategy funds that invest in broadly diversified portfolios of equity, fixed income and derivative instruments.

Private equity and debt investments primarily consist of investments in private equity and debt funds. These investments provide exposure to and benefit from long-term equity investments in private companies, including leveraged buy-outs, venture capital and distressed debt strategies.

Real estate investments include funds that invest in entities that are primarily engaged in the ownership, acquisition, development, financing, sale and/or management of income-producing real estate properties, both commercial and residential. These funds typically seek long-term growth of capital and current income that is above average relative to public equity funds.

Significant Concentrations of Risk The assets of the pension plans include certain investment funds, private equity and debt investments and real estate investments. Investment managers may be unable to quickly sell or redeem some or all of these investments at an amount close or equal to fair value in order to meet a plan's liquidity requirements or to respond to specific events such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of any particular issuer or counterparty.

Illiquid investments held by the plans are generally long-term investments that complement the long-term nature of pension obligations and are not used to fund benefit payments when currently due. Plan management monitors liquidity risk on an ongoing basis and has procedures in place that are designed to maintain flexibility in addressing plan-specific, broader industry and market liquidity events.

The pension plans may invest in financial instruments denominated in foreign currencies and may be exposed to risks that the foreign currency exchange rates might change in a manner that has an adverse effect on the value of the foreign currency denominated assets or liabilities. Forward currency contracts may be used to manage and mitigate foreign currency risk.

The pension plans may invest in debt securities for which any change in the relevant interest rates for particular securities might result in an investment manager being unable to secure similar returns upon the maturity or the sale of securities. In addition, changes to prevailing interest rates or changes in expectations of future interest rates might result in an increase or decrease in the fair value of the securities held. Interest rate swaps and other financial derivative instruments may be used to manage interest rate risk.

Benefit Payments Benefits for most U.S. pension plans and certain non-U.S. pension plans are paid out of plan assets rather than our Cash and cash equivalents. The following table summarizes net benefit payments expected to be paid in the future, which include assumptions related to estimated future employee service:


	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		Global OPEB Plans
2023	$	4,523	$	995	$	358
2024	$	4,246	$	934	$	354
2025	$	4,144	$	916	$	351
2026	$	4,036	$	892	$	349
2027	$	3,919	$	873	$	346
2028–2032	$	17,614	$	4,142	$	1,690

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

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+ Details

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
Commitments and Contingencies	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Litigation-Related Liability and Tax Administrative Matters In the normal course of our business, we are named from time to time as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation. We identify below the material individual proceedings and investigations where we believe a material loss is reasonably possible or probable. We accrue for matters when we believe that losses are probable and can be reasonably estimated. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had accruals of $1.1 billion and $1.4 billion in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities. In many matters, it is inherently difficult to determine whether loss is probable or reasonably possible or to estimate the size or range of the possible loss. Accordingly, while we believe that appropriate accruals have been established for losses that are probable and can be reasonably estimated, it is possible that adverse outcomes from such proceedings could exceed the amounts accrued by an amount that could be material to our results of operations or cash flows in any particular reporting period. GM Korea Wage Litigation GM Korea Company (GM Korea) is party to litigation with current and former subcontract workers over allegations that they are entitled to the same wages and benefits provided to full-time employees, and to be hired as full-time employees. In May 2018 and September 2020, the Korean labor authorities issued adverse administrative orders finding that GM Korea must hire certain current subcontract workers as full-time employees. GM Korea appealed the May 2018 and September 2020 orders. In June 2020, the Seoul High Court (an intermediate-level appellate court) ruled against GM Korea in one of the subcontract worker claims. Although GM Korea has appealed this decision to the Korea Supreme Court, GM Korea has since hired certain of its subcontract workers as full-time employees. At December 31, 2022, our accrual covering certain asserted claims and claims that we believe are probable of assertion and for which liability is probable was approximately $282 million. We estimate the reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued for other current subcontract workers who may assert similar claims to be approximately $97 million at December 31, 2022. We are currently unable to estimate any reasonably possible material loss or range of loss that may result from additional claims that may be asserted by former subcontract workers. Other Litigation-Related Liability and Tax Administrative Matters Various other legal actions, including class actions, governmental investigations, claims and proceedings, are pending against us or our related companies or joint ventures, including, but not limited to, matters arising out of alleged product defects; employment-related matters; product and workplace safety, vehicle emissions and fuel economy regulations; product warranties; financial services; dealer, supplier and other contractual relationships; government regulations relating to competition issues; tax-related matters not subject to the provision of Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes (indirect tax-related matters); product design, manufacture and performance; consumer protection laws; and environmental protection laws, including laws regulating air emissions, water discharges, waste management and environmental remediation from stationary sources. We also from time to time receive subpoenas and other inquiries or requests for information from agencies or other representatives of U.S. federal, state and foreign governments on a variety of issues. There are several putative class actions pending against GM in federal courts in the U.S. and in the Provincial Courts in Canada alleging that various vehicles sold, including model year 2011–2016 Duramax Diesel Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra vehicles, violate federal, state and foreign emission standards. We are currently unable to estimate any reasonably possible material loss or range of loss that may result from these actions. GM has also faced a series of additional lawsuits in the U.S. based on these allegations, including a shareholder demand lawsuit that remains pending. There are several putative class actions and one certified class action pending against GM in federal courts in the U.S. alleging that various 2011–2014 model year vehicles are defective because they excessively consume oil. While many of these proceedings have been dismissed or have been settled for insignificant amounts, several remain outstanding, and in October 2022, we received an adverse jury verdict in a certified class action proceeding involving three states. We do not believe that the verdict is supported by the evidence and have filed post-trial motions and, if necessary, will appeal. We are currently unable to estimate any reasonably possible material loss or range of loss that may result from the putative class action proceedings and have previously accrued an immaterial amount related to the certified class action proceeding. Beyond the class action litigations disclosed, we have several other class action litigations pending at any given time. Historically, relatively few classes have been certified in these types of cases. Therefore, we will generally only disclose specific class actions if a class is certified and we believe there is a reasonably possible material exposure to the Company. Indirect tax-related matters are being litigated globally pertaining to value added taxes, customs, duties, sales taxes and other non-income tax-related tax exposures. The various non-U.S. labor-related matters include claims from current and former employees related to alleged unpaid wage, benefit, severance and other compensation matters. Certain administrative proceedings are indirect tax-related and may require that we deposit funds in escrow or provide an alternative form of security. Some of the matters may involve compensatory, punitive or other treble damage claims, environmental remediation programs or sanctions or environmental compliance requirements and claims that, if granted, could require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts that could not be reasonably estimated at December 31, 2022. For indirect tax-related matters we estimate our reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued to be up to approximately $900 million at December 31, 2022. Takata Matters In November 2020, NHTSA directed that we replace the Takata Corporation (Takata) airbag inflators in our GMT900 vehicles, which are full-size pickup trucks and SUVs, and we decided not to contest NHTSA's decision. While we have already begun the process of executing the recall, given the number of vehicles in this population, the recall will take several years to be completed. Accordingly, in the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded a warranty accrual of $1.1 billion for the expected costs of complying with the recall remedy, and we believe the currently accrued amount remains reasonable. GM has recalled certain vehicles sold outside of the U.S. to replace Takata inflators in those vehicles. There are significant differences in vehicle and inflator design between the relevant vehicles sold internationally and those sold in the U.S. We continue to gather and analyze evidence about these inflators and to share our findings with regulators. Any additional recalls relating to these inflators could be material to our results of operations and cash flows. There are several putative class actions that have been filed against GM, including in the federal courts in the U.S., in the Provincial Courts in Canada and in Mexico, arising out of allegations that airbag inflators manufactured by Takata are defective. At this stage of these proceedings, we are unable to provide an estimate of the amounts or range of reasonably possible material loss. Chevrolet Bolt Recall In July 2021, we initiated a voluntary recall for certain 2017–2019 model year Chevrolet Bolt EVs due to the risk that two manufacturing defects present in the same battery cell could cause a high voltage battery fire in certain of these vehicles. Accordingly, in the three months ended June 30, 2021, we recorded a warranty accrual of $812 million. After further investigation into the manufacturing processes at our battery supplier, LG, and disassembling battery packs, we determined that the risk of battery cell defects was not confined to the initial recall population. As a result, in August 2021, we expanded the recall to include all 2017-2022 model year Chevrolet Bolt EV and Chevrolet Bolt Electric Utility Vehicles (EUVs) and recorded an additional warranty accrual of $1.2 billion in the three months ended September 30, 2021. In October 2021, we reached an agreement with LG, under which LG will reimburse GM for costs and expenses associated with the recall. As a result, in the three months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized a receivable of $1.9 billion, which substantially offsets the warranty charges we recognized in connection with the recall. These charges reflect our current best estimate for the cost of the recall remedy. The actual costs of the recall and GM's associated recovery from LG could be materially higher or lower. For 2017-2019 model year vehicles, the recall remedy will be to replace the high voltage battery modules in these vehicles with new modules. For 2020-2022 model year vehicles, the recall remedy will be to replace any defective high voltage battery modules in these vehicles with new modules. In addition, putative class actions have been filed against GM in federal courts in the U.S. and in the Provincial Courts in Canada alleging that the batteries contained in the Bolt EVs and EUVs included in the recall population are defective. At this stage of these proceedings, we are unable to provide an estimate of the amounts or range of reasonably possible material loss. Opel/Vauxhall Sale In 2017, we sold the Opel/Vauxhall Business to PSA Group (now Stellantis) under a Master Agreement (the Agreement). We also sold the European financing subsidiaries and branches to Banque PSA Finance S.A. and BNP Paribas Personal Finance S.A. Although the sale reduced our new vehicle presence in Europe, we may still be impacted by actions taken by regulators related to vehicles sold before the sale. Our wholly owned subsidiary (the Seller) agreed to indemnify Stellantis for certain losses resulting from any inaccuracy of the representations and warranties or breaches of our covenants included in the Agreement and for certain other liabilities, including costs related to certain emissions claims, product liabilities and recalls. The Company entered into a guarantee for the benefit of Stellantis, pursuant to which the Company agreed to guarantee the Seller's obligation to indemnify Stellantis. We are unable to estimate any reasonably possible material loss or range of loss that may result from these actions either directly or through an indemnification claim from Stellantis. Certain of these indemnification obligations are subject to time limitations, thresholds and/or caps as to the amount of required payments. Currently, various consumer lawsuits have been filed against the Seller and Stellantis in Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands alleging that Opel and Vauxhall vehicles sold by the Seller violated applicable emissions standards. In addition, in the year ended December 31, 2022, we agreed to indemnify Stellantis for an immaterial amount for certain recalls that Stellantis has conducted or will conduct, including recalls in certain geographic locations that Stellantis intends to conduct related to Takata inflators in legacy Opel vehicles. We may in the future be required to further indemnify Stellantis relating to its Takata recalls, but we believe such further indemnification to be remote at this time. Product Liability We recorded liabilities of $561 million and $587 million in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2021, for the expected cost of all known product liability claims, plus an estimate of the expected cost for product liability claims that have already been incurred and are expected to be filed in the future for which we are self-insured. It is reasonably possible that our accruals for product liability claims may increase in future periods in material amounts, although we cannot estimate a reasonable range of incremental loss based on currently available information. We believe that any judgment against us involving our products for actual damages will be adequately covered by our recorded accruals and, where applicable, excess liability insurance coverage. Guarantees We enter into indemnification agreements for liability claims involving products manufactured primarily by certain joint ventures. These guarantees terminate in years ranging from 2023 to 2027 or upon the occurrence of specific events or are ongoing. We believe that the related potential costs incurred are adequately covered by our recorded accruals, which are insignificant. The maximum future undiscounted payments mainly based on royalties received associated with vehicles sold to date were $3.1 billion for these guarantees at December 31, 2022 and 2021, the majority of which relates to the indemnification agreements. We provide payment guarantees on commercial loans outstanding with third parties such as dealers. In some instances, certain assets of the party or our payables to the party whose debt or performance we have guaranteed may offset, to some degree, the amount of any potential future payments. We are also exposed to residual value guarantees associated with certain sales to rental car companies. We periodically enter into agreements that incorporate indemnification provisions in the normal course of business. It is not possible to estimate our maximum exposure under these indemnifications or guarantees due to the conditional nature of these obligations. Insignificant amounts have been recorded for such obligations as the majority of them are not probable or estimable at this time and the fair value of the guarantees at issuance was insignificant. Refer to the Opel/Vauxhall Sale section of this note for additional information on our indemnification obligations to Stellantis under the Agreement. Credit Cards Credit card programs offer rebates that can be applied primarily against the purchase or lease of our vehicles. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, our redemption liability was insignificant, our deferred revenue was $353 million and $309 million, and qualified cardholders had rebates available, net of deferred program revenue, of $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion. Our redemption liability and deferred revenue are recorded in Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities.

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
U.S. income (loss)	$	9,454	$	9,513	$	6,881
Non-U.S. income (loss)	1,306		1,902		540
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss)	$	10,760	$	11,415	$	7,421


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	$	389	$	20	$	84
U.S. state and local	368		142		272
Non-U.S.	707		395		493
Total current income tax expense (benefit)	1,464		557		849
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	263		1,699		632
U.S. state and local	109		229		(15)
Non-U.S.	53		286		308
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	425		2,214		925
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	1,888	$	2,771	$	1,774

Provisions are made for estimated U.S. and non-U.S. income taxes which may be incurred on the reversal of our basis differences in investments in foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures not deemed to be indefinitely reinvested. Taxes have not been provided on basis differences in investments primarily as a result of earnings in foreign subsidiaries which are deemed indefinitely reinvested of $3.5 billion and $3.2 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021. We have indefinitely reinvested basis differences related to investments in non-consolidated China JVs of $3.4 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021 as a result of fresh-start reporting. Quantification of the deferred tax liability, if any, associated with indefinitely reinvested basis differences is not practicable.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	$	2,260	$	2,397	$	1,558
State and local tax expense (benefit)	388		301		219
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate	32		36		(1)
U.S. tax impact on Non-U.S. income and activities	5		129		(160)
Change in valuation allowances	(392)		665		370
Change in tax laws	78		(93)		—
General business credits and manufacturing incentives	(829)		(492)		(366)

Settlements of prior year tax matters	—		11		(18)
Realization of basis differences in affiliates	209		(295)		(12)
Foreign currency remeasurement	36		28		(7)
Other adjustments	102		84		191
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	1,888	$	2,771	$	1,774

Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities Deferred income tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2021 reflect the effect of temporary differences between amounts of assets, liabilities and equity for financial reporting purposes and the bases of such assets, liabilities and equity as measured based on tax laws, as well as tax loss and tax credit carryforwards. The following table summarizes the components of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	$	1,120	$	1,572
Pension and other employee benefit plans	997		1,540
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	4,341		4,253

U.S. capitalized research expenditures	8,851		7,285
U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(a)	5,861		6,959
Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(b)	6,296		6,593
Miscellaneous	2,773		3,468
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances	30,240		31,670
Less: valuation allowances	(7,744)		(8,855)
Total deferred tax assets	22,495		22,815
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	1,957		1,775
Intangible assets	707		729
Total deferred tax liabilities	2,664		2,504
Net deferred tax assets	$	19,832	$	20,311

_________

(a) At December 31, 2022, U.S. operating loss deferred tax assets were $417 million, where $129 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $288 million will expire by 2040, if not utilized. At December 31, 2022, U.S. tax credit carryforwards were $5.4 billion, where $292 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $5.2 billion will expire by 2042, if not utilized.

(b) At December 31, 2022, Non-U.S. operating loss deferred tax assets were $6.1 billion, where $5.1 billion can be carried forward indefinitely and $1.1 billion will expire by 2042, if not utilized. At December 31, 2022, Non-U.S. tax credit carryforwards were $148 million, where $112 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $36 million will expire by 2042, if not utilized.

Valuation Allowances During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, valuation allowances against deferred tax assets of $7.7 billion and $8.9 billion were comprised of cumulative losses, credits and other timing differences, primarily in Germany, Spain, South Korea, the U.S. and Brazil.

In the year ended December 31, 2022, GM entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with SoftBank, pursuant to which GM acquired SoftBank’s equity ownership stake in Cruise Holdings and, separately, made an additional $1.35 billion investment in Cruise in place of SoftBank. As of March 31, 2022, GM’s ownership in Cruise increased above the 80% threshold which allowed for inclusion of Cruise in our U.S. Federal consolidated income tax return and the release of a valuation allowance of $482 million against certain Cruise deferred tax assets. Refer to Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Share Purchase Agreement with SoftBank.

Uncertain Tax Positions The following table summarizes activity of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	634	$	1,086	$	775
Additions to current year tax positions	12		22		435
Additions to prior years' tax positions	14		46		26
Reductions to prior years' tax positions	(98)		(473)		(132)
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations	(20)		(17)		(3)
Settlements	(10)		(26)		(10)
Other	(12)		(4)		(5)
Balance at end of period	$	520	$	634	$	1,086

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were $356 million and $411 million of unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would favorably affect our effective tax rate in the future. In the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, income tax related interest and penalties were insignificant. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had liabilities of $86 million for income tax related interest and penalties.

At December 31, 2022, it is not possible to reasonably estimate the expected change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months.

Other Matters Income tax returns are filed in multiple jurisdictions and are subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world. We have open tax years from 2011 to 2022 with various significant tax jurisdictions. Tax authorities may have the ability to review and adjust net operating loss or tax credit carryforwards that were generated prior to these periods if utilized in an open tax year. These open years contain matters that could be subject to differing interpretations of applicable tax laws and regulations as they relate to the amount, character, timing or inclusion of revenue and expenses or the sustainability of income tax credits for a given audit cycle.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

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+ Details

Restructuring And Other Initiatives

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring and Other Initiatives

We have executed various restructuring and other initiatives and we may execute additional initiatives in the future, if necessary, to streamline manufacturing capacity and reduce other costs to improve the utilization of remaining facilities. To the extent these programs involve voluntary separations, a liability is generally recorded at the time offers to employees are accepted. To the extent these programs provide separation benefits in accordance with pre-existing agreements, a liability is recorded once the amount is probable and reasonably estimable. If employees are involuntarily terminated, a liability is generally recorded at the communication date. Related charges are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales and Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense.

The following table summarizes the reserves and charges related to restructuring and other initiatives, including postemployment benefit reserves and charges:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	285	$	352	$	564
Additions, interest accretion and other	522		216		565
Payments	(275)		(278)		(678)
Revisions to estimates and effect of foreign currency	(12)		(5)		(99)
Balance at end of period	$	520	$	285	$	352

In the year ended December 31, 2022, restructuring and other initiatives primarily included strategic activities in GMNA related to Buick dealerships. We recorded charges of $511 million, which are included in the table above, and incurred $120 million in net cash outflows resulting from these dealer restructurings. The remaining $391 million is expected to be paid in 2023.

In the year ended December 31, 2020, restructuring and other initiatives primarily included actions in GMI related to the wind-down of GM Holden, Ltd. (Holden) sales, design and engineering operations in Australia and New Zealand, the sale of our vehicle and powertrain manufacturing facilities in Thailand and the execution of a binding term sheet to sell our manufacturing facility in India. We recorded charges of $683 million in the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily consisting of $360 million in dealer restructurings, employee separations and supplier claim charges, which are reflected in the table above, and $323 million in property and intangible asset impairments, inventory provisions, sales allowances and other charges, not reflected in the table above. We also recorded a $236 million charge to Income tax expense due to the establishment of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in Australia and New Zealand in the year ended December 31, 2020. We incurred $197 million in net cash outflows in the year ended December 31, 2020 and $254 million in net cash outflows since program inception resulting from these restructuring actions primarily for dealer restructuring payments and employee separation payments, which includes proceeds of $143 million from the sale of our manufacturing facilities in Thailand. Holden and Thailand programs were substantially complete at December 31, 2020.

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Non-service pension and OPEB income (loss)	$	1,512	$	1,909	$	1,095
Interest income	460		146		241
Licensing agreements income	238		195		211
Revaluation of investments	(236)		571		265
Other	(542)		220		73
Total interest income and other non-operating income, net	$	1,432	$	3,041	$	1,885

In the year ended December 31, 2022, we shut down our Russia business and recorded a $657 million charge, included in Other in the table above, to write off our net investment and release accumulated translation losses into earnings.

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

Preferred and Common Stock We have 2.0 billion shares of preferred stock and 5.0 billion shares of common stock authorized for issuance. We had no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021. We had 1.4 billion and 1.5 billion shares of common stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Common Stock Holders of our common stock are entitled to dividends at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. Our dividends declared per common share were $0.18 and $0.38 and our total dividends paid on common stock were $257 million and $545 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2020. Dividends were not declared or paid on our common stock for the year ended December 31, 2021. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to our stockholders for a vote. The liquidation rights of holders of our common stock are secondary to the payment or provision for payment of all our debts and liabilities and to holders of our preferred stock, if any such shares are then outstanding.

In August 2022, our Board of Directors increased the capacity under our previously announced common stock repurchase program to $5.0 billion from the $3.3 billion that remained under the program as of June 30, 2022. In the year ended December 31, 2022, we purchased approximately 64 million shares of our outstanding common stock for $2.5 billion as part of the program. We did not purchase any shares of our outstanding common stock in the year ended December 31, 2021. We purchased approximately three million shares of our outstanding common stock for $90 million in the year ended December 31, 2020.

Cruise Preferred Shares In 2021, Cruise Holdings issued $2.7 billion of Class G Preferred Shares (Cruise Class G Preferred Shares) to Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft), Walmart Inc. (Walmart) and other investors, including $1.0 billion to General Motors Holdings LLC. All proceeds related to the Cruise Class G Preferred Shares are designated exclusively for working capital and general corporate purposes of Cruise Holdings. In addition, we, Cruise Holdings and Microsoft entered into a long-term strategic relationship to accelerate the commercialization of self-driving vehicles with Microsoft being the preferred public cloud provider.

The Cruise Class G Preferred Shares participate pari passu with holders of Cruise Holdings common stock and Class F Preferred Shares (Cruise Class F Preferred Shares) in any dividends declared. The Cruise Class G and Cruise Class F Preferred Shares convert into the class of shares to be issued to the public in an initial public offering (IPO) at specified exchange ratios. No covenants or other events of default exist that can trigger redemption of the Cruise Class G and Cruise Class F Preferred Shares. The Cruise Class G and Cruise Class F Preferred Shares are entitled to receive the greater of their carrying value or a pro-rata share of any proceeds or distributions upon the occurrence of a merger, sale, liquidation or dissolution of Cruise Holdings, and are classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, under the Share Purchase Agreement, we acquired SoftBank’s Cruise Class A-1, Class F and Class G Preferred Shares for $2.1 billion and made an additional $1.35 billion investment in Cruise in place of SoftBank. SoftBank no longer has an ownership interest in or has any rights with respect to Cruise.

Cruise Common Shares During the year ended December 31, 2022, Cruise Holdings issued approximately $0.8 billion of Class B Common Shares to net settle vested awards under Cruise's 2018 Employee Incentive Plan and issued approximately $0.5 billion of Class B Common Shares, primarily to us, to fund the payment of statutory tax withholding obligations resulting from the settlement or exercise of vested awards. Also, GM conducted quarterly tender offers and paid approximately $0.6 billion in cash to purchase tendered Cruise Class B Common Shares during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Class B Common Shares are classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated financial statements except for certain shares that are liability classified that have a recorded value of approximately $60 million at December 31, 2022. Refer to Note 22 for additional information on Cruise stock incentive awards.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the effect on the equity attributable to us for changes in our ownership interest in Cruise was insignificant. For the year ended December 31, 2022, net income attributable to shareholders and transfers to the noncontrolling interest in Cruise and other subsidiaries was $9.2 billion, which included a $0.7 billion decrease in equity attributable to us, mainly due to the redemption of Cruise preferred shares.

GM Financial Preferred Stock In 2020, GM Financial issued $500 million of Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C, $0.01 par value, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. Dividends will be paid semi-annually when declared, which started March 30, 2021 at a fixed rate of 5.70%. The preferred stock is classified as noncontrolling interests in our consolidated financial statements.

The following table summarizes the significant components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at beginning of period	$	(2,654)	$	(2,735)	$	(2,278)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests, net of reclassification adjustment and tax(a)(b)(c)	(123)		81		(457)
Balance at end of period	$	(2,776)	$	(2,654)	$	(2,735)
Defined Benefit Plans
Balance at beginning of period	$	(6,528)	$	(10,654)	$	(8,859)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment(a)	1,487		4,714		(2,661)
Tax benefit (expense)	2		(906)		444
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of tax(a)	1,488		3,808		(2,217)
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax(c)	188		318		422
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	1,677		4,126		(1,795)
Balance at end of period(d)	$	(4,851)	$	(6,528)	$	(10,654)

__________

(a) The noncontrolling interests were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

(b) The reclassification adjustment was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

(d) Primarily consists of unamortized actuarial loss on our defined benefit plans.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for shareholders' equity comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income. Includes, but is not limited to, balances of common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital, other capital and retained earnings, accumulated balance for each classification of other comprehensive income and amount of comprehensive income.

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+ Details

Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed by dividing Net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding in the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities that are outstanding.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Basic earnings per share
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$	9,934	$	10,019	$	6,427
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock(a)	(1,019)		(182)		(180)


Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	8,915	$	9,837	$	6,247

Weighted-average common shares outstanding	1,445		1,451		1,433



Basic earnings per common share	$	6.17	$	6.78	$	4.36
Diluted earnings per share


Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders – diluted	$	8,915	$	9,837	$	6,247

Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic	1,445		1,451		1,433
Dilutive effect of warrants and awards under stock incentive plans	10		17		9
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted	1,454		1,468		1,442



Diluted earnings per common share	$	6.13	$	6.70	$	4.33

Potentially dilutive securities(b)	10		2		7

__________

(a) Includes a $909 million deemed dividend related to the redemption of Cruise preferred shares from SoftBank and an insignificant amount in participating securities income from a subsidiary for the year ended December 31, 2022.

(b) Potentially dilutive securities attributable to outstanding stock options at December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 and RSUs at December 31, 2022 and 2020, were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.

Stock Incentive Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Incentive Plans

GM Stock Incentive Awards We grant to certain employees RSUs, Restricted Stock Awards (RSAs), PSUs and stock options (collectively, stock incentive awards) under our 2016 Equity Incentive Plan and 2020 LTIP and prior to the 2020 LTIP, under our 2017 and 2014 LTIP. The 2020 LTIP was approved by stockholders in June 2020. Any new awards granted after the approval of the 2020 LTIP in June 2020 will be issued under the 2020 LTIP. To the extent any shares remain available for issuance under the 2017 LTIP, the 2016 Equity Incentive Plan, and/or the 2014 LTIP, such shares will only be used to settle outstanding awards that were previously granted under such plans prior to June 2020. Shares awarded under the plans are subject to forfeiture if the participant leaves the company for reasons other than those permitted under the plans such as retirement, death or disability.

RSU awards granted either cliff vest or ratably vest generally over a three-year service period, as defined in the terms of each award. PSU awards vest at the end of a three-year performance period, based on performance criteria determined by the Executive Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors at the time of award. The number of shares earned may equal, exceed or be less than the targeted number of shares depending on whether the performance criteria are met, surpassed or not met. Stock options expire 10 years from the grant date. Our performance-based stock options vest ratably over 55 months based on the performance of our common stock relative to that of a specified peer group. Our service-based stock options vest ratably over three years.

In connection with our acquisition of Cruise Automation, Inc. in May 2016, RSAs and PSUs in common shares of GM were granted to employees of Cruise Holdings. The RSAs vest ratably, generally over a three-year service period. The PSUs are contingent upon achievement of specific technology and commercialization milestones.


	Shares (in millions)	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years
Units outstanding at January 1, 2022	30.2	$	26.14	0.8
Granted	10.3	$	39.95
Settled	(5.6)	$	40.34
Forfeited or expired	(0.7)	$	40.28
Units outstanding at December 31, 2022(a)	34.1	$	27.62	0.8

__________

(a) Includes the target amount of PSUs.

Our weighted-average assumptions used to value our stock options are a dividend yield of 1.60%, 1.67% and 4.25%, expected volatility of 41.0%, 47.8% and 26.2%, a risk-free interest rate of 1.88%, 0.76% and 1.44%, and an expected option life of 6.00, 6.00 and 5.97 years for options issued during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The expected volatility is based on the average of the implied volatility of publicly traded options for our common stock.

Total compensation expense related to the above awards was $419 million, $391 million and $351 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

At December 31, 2022, the total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards granted was $288 million. This expense is expected to be recorded over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years. The total fair value of stock incentive awards vested was $307 million, $258 million and $275 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Cruise Stock Incentive Awards Cruise granted RSUs that will settle in common shares of Cruise Holdings in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Stock options were granted in common shares of Cruise Holdings in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. In March 2022, Cruise modified its RSUs that settle in Cruise Class B Common Shares to remove the liquidity vesting condition such that all granted RSU awards vest solely upon satisfaction of a service condition. The service condition for the majority of these awards is satisfied over four years. Upon modification, 31 million RSUs whose service condition was previously met became immediately vested, thereby resulting in the immediate recognition of compensation expense. In addition, at Cruise's election, GM intends to conduct quarterly tender offers whereby holders of Cruise Class B Common Shares issued to settle vested awards can tender their shares generally at the fair value of Cruise’s common stock. The planned tenders result in certain awards to be classified as liabilities and other awards to be presented in temporary equity, which triggers the immediate recognition of incremental compensation expense associated with the stock options. These awards were granted under Cruise's 2018 Employee Incentive Plan approved by Cruise Holdings' Board of Directors in August 2018. Shares awarded under the plan are subject to forfeiture if the participant leaves the company for reasons other than those permitted under the plan. Stock options vest ratably over four to 10 years, as defined in the terms of each award. Stock options expire 10 years from the grant date.



	Cruise Restricted Stock Units				Cruise Stock Options
	Shares (in millions)	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years	Shares (in millions)	Weighted-Average Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years

Units outstanding at January 1, 2022	66.2	$	18.82	8.1	23.8	$	7.07	2.0
Granted	47.4	$	28.09		2.9	$	15.77
Settled or exercised	(45.2)	$	29.00		(2.3)	$	20.64
Forfeited or expired	(7.2)	$	26.86		—	$	—
Units outstanding at December 31, 2022(a)	61.2	$	28.62	1.5	24.4	$	8.22	1.7

__________

(a) Weighted average fair values include the impact of the remeasurement triggered by the modification. Post modification, certain awards are liability-awards resulting in ongoing remeasurement based on changes to the awards' fair value.

Our weighted-average assumptions used to value Cruise stock options are a dividend yield of 0.00% and 0.00%, expected volatility of 57.18% and 57.03%, a risk-free interest rate of 2.37% and 1.31%, and an expected option life of 6.61 and 5.49 years for options issued during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. There were no options issued during the year ended December 31, 2020. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of comparable public company data as Cruise Holdings is not publicly traded and therefore, does not have any trading history of its common stock.

Total compensation expense related to Cruise Holdings' share-based awards was $1.6 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022, which, when excluding the compensation expense for the period April 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022, primarily represents the impact of the modification to outstanding awards, and an insignificant amount for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. GM conducted quarterly tender offers and paid approximately $0.6 billion in cash to settle tendered Cruise Class B Common Shares during the year ended December 31, 2022. No cash was paid to settle share-based awards for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Total unrecognized compensation expense for Cruise Holdings’ nonvested equity awards granted was $1.7 billion at December 31, 2022. Total units outstanding were 86 million at December 31, 2022. The expense related to RSUs and stock options is expected to be recorded over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.

Segment Reporting

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

We analyze the results of our business through the following reportable segments: GMNA, GMI, Cruise and GM Financial. The chief operating decision-maker evaluates the operating results and performance of our automotive segments and Cruise through EBIT-adjusted, which is presented net of noncontrolling interests. The chief operating decision-maker evaluates GM Financial through EBT-adjusted because interest income and interest expense are part of operating results when assessing and measuring the operational and financial performance of the segment. Each segment has a manager responsible for executing our strategic initiatives. While not all vehicles within a segment are individually profitable on a fully allocated cost basis, those vehicles attract customers to dealer showrooms and help maintain sales volumes for other, more profitable vehicles and contribute towards meeting required fuel efficiency standards. As a result of these and other factors, we do not manage our business on an individual brand or vehicle basis.

Substantially all of the trucks, crossovers, cars and automobile parts produced are marketed through retail dealers in North America and through distributors and dealers outside of North America, the substantial majority of which are independently owned. In addition to the products sold to dealers for consumer retail sales, trucks, crossovers and cars are also sold to fleet customers, including daily rental car companies, commercial fleet customers, leasing companies and governments. Fleet sales are completed through the dealer network and in some cases directly with fleet customers. Retail and fleet customers can obtain a wide range of after-sale vehicle services and products through the dealer network, such as maintenance, light repairs, collision repairs, vehicle accessories and extended service warranties.

GMNA meets the demands of customers in North America and GMI primarily meets the demands of customers outside North America, with vehicles developed, manufactured and/or marketed under the Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet and GMC brands. We also have equity ownership stakes in entities that meet the demands of customers in other countries, primarily China, with vehicles developed, manufactured and/or marketed under the Baojun, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet and Wuling brands. Cruise is our global segment responsible for the development and commercialization of AV technology, and includes AV-related engineering and other costs. We provide automotive financing services through our GM Financial segment.

Our automotive interest income and interest expense, legacy costs from the Opel/Vauxhall Business (primarily pension costs), corporate expenditures and certain nonsegment-specific revenues and expenses are recorded centrally in Corporate. Corporate assets primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable debt securities and intersegment balances. All intersegment balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The following tables summarize key financial information by segment:


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/Reclassifications		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	128,378	$	15,420	$	177			$	143,974	$	102	$	12,766	$	(107)	$	156,735
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	12,988	$	1,143	$	(1,846)			$	12,286	$	(1,890)	$	4,076	$	2	$	14,474
Adjustments(a)	$	(411)	$	(657)	$	—			$	(1,068)	$	(1,057)	$	—	$	—	(2,125)
Automotive interest income																	460
Automotive interest expense																	(987)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(226)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	11,597
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(1,888)
Net income (loss)																	9,708

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	226
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	9,934
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	1,820	$	6,691	$	—	$	—	$	8,511	$	—	$	1,665	$	—	$	10,176
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,134	$	740	$	4	$	—	$	2,877	$	727	$	1,341	$	—	$	4,945
Total assets	$	157,250	$	24,808	$	60,518	$	(104,157)	$	138,419	$	5,510	$	121,544	$	(1,436)	$	264,037
Expenditures for property	$	8,280	$	706	$	20	$	—	$	9,007	$	197	$	44	$	(10)	$	9,238
Depreciation and amortization	$	5,800	$	513	$	21	$	—	$	6,335	$	53	$	4,888	$	—	$	11,276
Impairment charges	$	11	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12
Equity income (loss)	$	(9)	$	672	$	—	$	—	$	663	$	—	$	173	$	—	$	837

__________

(a) Consists of charges for strategic activities related to Buick dealerships and the resolution of substantially all royalty matters accrued with respect to past-year vehicle sales in GMNA; charges related to the shutdown of our Russia business in GMI; and charges related to the one-time modification of Cruise stock incentive awards.


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/Reclassifications		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	101,308	$	12,172	$	104			$	113,584	$	106	$	13,419	$	(105)	$	127,004
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	10,318	$	827	$	(680)			$	10,465	$	(1,196)	$	5,036	$	(10)	$	14,295
Adjustments(a)	$	(425)	$	(276)	$	—			$	(701)	$	—	$	—	$	—	(701)
Automotive interest income																	146
Automotive interest expense																	(950)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(74)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	12,716
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(2,771)
Net income (loss)																	9,945

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	74
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	10,019
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	827	$	7,133	$	—	$	—	$	7,960	$	—	$	1,717	$	—	$	9,677
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,240	$	772	$	—	$	—	$	3,012	$	736	$	1,339	$	—	$	5,087
Total assets	$	121,735	$	22,876	$	40,492	$	(56,936)	$	128,167	$	4,489	$	113,207	$	(1,145)	$	244,718
Expenditures for property	$	6,576	$	783	$	30	$	—	$	7,389	$	89	$	26	$	5	$	7,509
Depreciation and amortization	$	5,298	$	542	$	21	$	—	$	5,861	$	52	$	6,134	$	—	$	12,047
Impairment charges	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	—	$	—	$	4
Equity income (loss)	$	8	$	1,092	$	—	$	—	$	1,100	$	—	$	201	$	—	$	1,301

__________

(a) Consists of royalties accrued with respect to past-year vehicle sales and charges for strategic activities related to Cadillac dealerships in GMNA; and a settlement with certain third parties relating to retrospective recoveries of indirect taxes and an adjustment related to the unique events associated with Korea Supreme Court decisions related to our salaried workers in GMI.


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	96,733	$	11,586	$	350			$	108,669	$	103	$	13,831	$	(118)	$	122,485
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	9,071	$	(528)	$	(634)			$	7,909	$	(887)	$	2,702	$	(14)	$	9,710
Adjustments(a)	$	(99)	$	(683)	$	130			$	(652)	$	—	$	—	$	—	(652)
Automotive interest income																	241
Automotive interest expense																	(1,098)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(106)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	8,095
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(1,774)
Net income (loss)																	6,321

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	106
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	6,427
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	242	$	6,583	$	—	$	—	$	6,825	$	—	$	1,581	$	—	$	8,406
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,346	$	806	$	—	$	—	$	3,152	$	735	$	1,343	$	—	$	5,230
Total assets	$	114,137	$	23,019	$	39,933	$	(57,464)	$	119,625	$	3,625	$	113,410	$	(1,466)	$	235,194
Expenditures for property	$	4,501	$	729	$	21	$	—	$	5,251	$	15	$	34	$	—	$	5,300
Depreciation and amortization	$	4,739	$	624	$	25	$	—	$	5,388	$	43	$	7,245	$	—	$	12,676
Impairment charges	$	20	$	99	$	—	$	—	$	119	$	20	$	—	$	—	$	139
Equity income (loss)	$	17	$	510	$	—	$	—	$	527	$	—	$	147	$	—	$	674

__________

(a) Consists of charges for strategic activities related to Cadillac dealerships in GMNA; restructuring and other charges primarily in Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and India in GMI; and ignition switch-related legal matters in Corporate.

Automotive revenue is attributed to geographic areas based on the country of sale. GM Financial revenue is attributed to the geographic area where the financing is originated. The following table summarizes information concerning principal geographic areas:


	At and For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022				2021				2020
	Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets
Automotive
U.S.	$	116,798	$	30,201	$	92,771	$	27,192	$	89,204	$	24,932
Non-U.S.	27,177		14,907		20,819		13,771		19,469		12,516
GM Financial
U.S.	11,035		29,411		11,712		34,452		12,227		36,773
Non-U.S.	1,725		3,431		1,702		3,629		1,585		3,230
Total consolidated	$	156,735	$	77,950	$	127,004	$	79,044	$	122,485	$	77,451

No individual country other than the U.S. represented more than 10% of our total net sales and revenue or long-lived assets, other than Mexico, whose long-lived assets were approximately 11% and 10% of our total long-lived assets at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the sources (uses) of cash provided by Change in other operating assets and liabilities and Cash paid for income taxes and interest:


Change in other operating assets and liabilities	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Accounts receivable	$	(4,483)	$	493	$	(1,341)
Wholesale receivables funded by GM Financial, net	(5,000)		2,854		2,744
Inventories	(2,581)		(3,155)		(104)
Automotive equipment on operating leases	—		—		53
Change in other assets	(248)		(1,418)		68
Accounts payable	6,144		(1,166)		42
Income taxes payable	273		(95)		130
Accrued and other liabilities	2,918		(879)		(1,991)
Total	$	(2,977)	$	(3,366)	$	(399)

Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	1,191	$	652	$	719
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – Automotive	$	933	$	884	$	1,011
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – GM Financial	2,673		2,519		2,947
Total cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$	3,606	$	3,403	$	3,958

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation We consolidate entities that we control due to ownership of a majority voting interest and we consolidate variable interest entities (VIEs) when we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Our share of earnings or losses of nonconsolidated affiliates is included in our consolidated operating results using the equity method of accounting when we are able to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of the affiliate.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements	Use of Estimates in the Preparation of the Financial Statements Accounting estimates are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. These estimates require the use of judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the periods presented. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in making estimates, actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods.
GM Financial	GM Financial The amounts presented for GM Financial are adjusted to reflect the impact on GM Financial's deferred tax positions and provision for income taxes resulting from the inclusion of GM Financial in our consolidated tax return and to eliminate the effect of transactions between GM Financial and the other members of the consolidated group. Accordingly, the amounts presented will differ from those presented by GM Financial on a stand-alone basis.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition Automotive Automotive net sales and revenue represents the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for vehicle, parts and accessories and services and other sales. The consideration recognized represents the amount received, typically shortly after the sale to a customer, net of estimated dealer and customer sales incentives we reasonably expect to pay. Significant factors in determining our estimates of incentives include forecasted sales volume, product mix and the rate of customer acceptance of incentive programs, all of which are estimated based on historical experience and assumptions concerning future customer behavior and market conditions. Subsequent adjustments to incentive estimates are possible as facts and circumstances change over time. A portion of the consideration received is deferred for separate performance obligations, such as maintenance, services and vehicle connectivity, that will be provided to our customers at a future date. Taxes assessed by various government entities, such as sales, use and value-added taxes, collected at the time of the vehicle sale are excluded from Automotive net sales and revenue. Costs for shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the vehicle transfers to the dealer are recognized at the time of sale and presented in Automotive and other cost of sales. Vehicle, Parts and Accessories For the majority of vehicle and accessories sales, our customers obtain control and we recognize revenue when the vehicle transfers to the dealer, which typically occurs either when the vehicle is released to the carrier responsible for transporting it to a dealer or upon delivery to a dealer. Revenue, net of estimated returns, is recognized on the sale of parts upon delivery to the customer. When our customers have a right to return eligible parts and accessories, we consider the returns in our estimation of the transaction price. Typically, transfers to daily rental companies are accounted for as sales, with revenue recognized at the time of transfer. We defer revenue for remarketing obligations, record a residual value guarantee and reflect a liability for amounts expected to be paid once the remarketing services are complete at the time of sale and recognize deferred revenue in earnings upon completion of the remarketing service. Used Vehicles Proceeds from the auction of vehicles utilized by our employees are recognized in Automotive net sales and revenue upon transfer of control of the vehicle to the customer and the related vehicle carrying value is recognized in Automotive and other cost of sales. Services and Other Services and other revenue primarily consists of revenue from vehicle-related service arrangements and after-sale services such as maintenance, OnStar, Super Cruise, vehicle connectivity and extended service warranties. For those service arrangements that are bundled with a vehicle sale, a portion of the revenue from the sale is allocated to the service component and recognized as deferred revenue within Accrued liabilities or Other liabilities. We recognize revenue for bundled services and services sold separately as services are performed, typically over a period of up to seven years. Automotive Financing - GM Financial Finance charge income earned on finance receivables is recognized using the effective interest method. Fees and commissions received (including manufacturer subvention) and direct costs of originating loans are deferred and amortized over the term of the related finance receivables using the effective interest method and are removed from the consolidated balance sheets when the related finance receivables are fully charged off or paid in full. Accrual of finance charge income on retail finance receivables is generally suspended on accounts that are more than 60 days delinquent, accounts in bankruptcy and accounts in repossession. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are first applied to any fees due, then to any interest due and then any remaining amounts are applied to principal. Interest accrual generally resumes once an account has received payments bringing the delinquency to less than 60 days past due. Accrual of finance charge income on commercial finance receivables is generally suspended on accounts that are more than 90 days delinquent, upon receipt of a bankruptcy notice from a borrower, or where reasonable doubt exists about the full collectability of contractually agreed upon principal and interest. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are first applied to principal. Interest accrual resumes once an account has received payments bringing the account fully current and collection of contractual principal and interest is reasonably assured (including amounts previously charged off). Income from operating lease assets, which includes lease origination fees, net of lease origination costs, is recorded as operating lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement. Gains or losses realized upon disposition of off-lease assets including any payments received from lessees upon lease termination, are included in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses.
Advertising and Promotion Expenditures	Advertising and Promotion Expenditures Advertising and promotion expenditures, which are expensed as incurred in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense, were $4.0 billion, $3.3 billion and $2.7 billion in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
Research and Development Expenditures	Research and Development Expenditures Research and development expenditures, which are expensed as incurred in Automotive and other cost of sales, were $9.8 billion, $7.9 billion and $6.2 billion in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. We enter into co-development arrangements with third parties or nonconsolidated affiliates for product-related research, engineering, design and development activities. Cost sharing payments and fees related to these arrangements are presented in Automotive and other cost of sales.
Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly-liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. Certain operating agreements require us to post cash as collateral. Cash and cash equivalents subject to contractual restrictions and not readily available are classified as restricted cash. Restricted cash is invested in accordance with the terms of the underlying agreements and include amounts related to various deposits, escrows and other cash collateral. Restricted cash is included in Other current assets and Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements A three-level valuation hierarchy, based upon observable and unobservable inputs, is used for fair value measurements. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect market assumptions based on the best evidence available. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy: Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations whose significant inputs are observable; and Level 3 – Instruments whose significant inputs are unobservable.
Marketable Debt Securities	Marketable Debt Securities We generally classify marketable debt securities as available-for-sale. Various factors, including turnover of holdings and investment guidelines, are considered in determining the classification of securities. Available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair value with non-credit related unrealized gains and losses recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss until realized. Credit losses are recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. An evaluation is made quarterly to determine if any portion of unrealized losses recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss needs to be reclassified. Non-credit related unrealized losses are reclassified to Interest income and other non-operating income, net if we intend to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before the recovery of the unrealized loss. We determine realized gains and losses for all debt securities using the specific identification method and measure the fair value of our marketable debt securities using a market approach where identical or comparable prices are available and an income approach in other cases. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values of securities are determined using prices from a pricing service, pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flow models. These prices represent non-binding quotes. Our pricing service utilizes industry-standard pricing models that consider various inputs. We review our pricing service quarterly and believe the prices received from our pricing service are a reliable representation of exit prices.
Accounts and Notes Receivable	Accounts and Notes Receivable Accounts and notes receivable primarily consists of amounts that are due and payable from our customers for the sale of vehicles, parts and accessories. We evaluate the collectability of receivables each reporting period and record an allowance for doubtful accounts to present the net amount expected to be collected on our receivables. Additions to the allowance are charged to bad debt expense reported in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense and were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
GM Financial Receivables	GM Financial Receivables Finance receivables are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for loan losses. Provisions for loan losses are charged to operations in amounts sufficient to maintain the allowance for loan losses at levels considered adequate to cover expected credit losses on the finance receivables. For retail finance receivables, GM Financial uses static pool modeling techniques to determine the allowance for loan losses expected over the remaining life of the receivables, which is supplemented by management judgment. The modeling techniques incorporate reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions over the expected remaining life of the finance receivables. The economic forecasts incorporate factors which vary by region that GM Financial believes will have the largest impact on expected losses, including unemployment rates, interest rate spreads, disposable personal income and growth rates in gross domestic product. Troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) are grouped separately for purposes of measuring the allowance. The allowance for TDRs uses static pool modeling techniques like non-TDR retail finance receivables to determine the expected loss amount. The expected cash flows of the receivables are then discounted at the original weighted average effective interest rate of the pool. Factors considered when estimating the allowance for TDRs are based on an evaluation of historical and current information, which may be supplemented by management judgment. Finance charge income from loans classified as TDRs is accounted for in the same manner as other accruing loans. Cash collections on these loans are allocated according to the same payment hierarchy methodology applied to loans that are not classified as TDRs. Commercial finance receivables are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for loan losses and amounts held under a cash management program. GM Financial establishes the allowance for loan losses based on historical loss experience, as well as forecasted auto industry conditions, which is the economic indicator believed to have the largest impact on expected losses.
Inventories	Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less cost to sell, and considers general market and economic conditions, periodic reviews of current profitability of vehicles, product warranty costs and the effect of estimated sales incentives. Net realizable value for off-lease and other vehicles is current auction sales proceeds less disposal and warranty costs. Productive material, supplies, work in process and service parts are reviewed to determine if inventory quantities are in excess of forecasted usage or if they have become obsolete.
Equipment on Operating Leases	Equipment on Operating Leases Equipment on operating leases, net primarily consists of vehicle leases to retail customers with lease terms of two to five years. We are exposed to changes in the residual values of these assets. The residual values represent estimates of the values of the leased vehicles at the end of the lease agreements and are determined based on forecasted auction proceeds when there is a reliable basis to make such a determination. Realization of the residual values is dependent on the future ability to market the vehicles under prevailing market conditions. The estimate of the residual value is evaluated over the life of the arrangement and adjustments may be made to the extent the expected value of the vehicle changes. Adjustments may be in the form of revisions to the depreciation rate or recognition of an impairment charge. A lease vehicle asset group is determined to be impaired if an impairment indicator exists and the expected future cash flows, which include estimated residual values, are lower than the carrying amount of the vehicle asset group. If the carrying amount is considered impaired an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value of the vehicle asset group. Fair value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows, including estimated residual values. In our automotive finance operations when a leased vehicle is returned or repossessed the asset is recorded in Other assets at the lower of amortized cost or net realizable value. Upon disposition a gain or loss is recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses for any difference between the net book value of the leased asset and the proceeds from the disposition of the asset.
Equity Investments	Equity Investments When events and circumstances warrant, equity investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting are evaluated for impairment. An impairment charge is recorded whenever a decline in value of an equity investment below its carrying amount is determined to be other-than-temporary. Impairment charges related to equity method investments are recorded in Equity income. Equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting are measured at fair value or in certain cases adjusted to fair value upon an observable price change, with changes in fair value recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net.
Property, net and Special Tools	Property, net Property, plant and equipment, including internal use software, is recorded at cost. Major improvements that extend the useful life or add functionality are capitalized. The gross amount of assets under finance leases is included in property, plant and equipment. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. We depreciate depreciable property using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the period of lease or the life of the asset, whichever is shorter. The amortization of the assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. Upon retirement or disposition of property, plant and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated and any resulting gain or loss is recorded in earnings. Impairment charges related to property are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales, Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Special Tools Special tools represent product-specific propulsion and non-propulsion related tools, dies, molds and other items used in the vehicle manufacturing process. Expenditures for special tools are recorded at cost and are capitalized. We amortize special tools over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method or an accelerated amortization method based on their historical and estimated production volume. Impairment charges related to special tools are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales.
Goodwill	Goodwill Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment annually on October 1 and when events warrant such a review. The impairment test entails an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an impairment exists. If it is more likely than not that an impairment exists, then a quantitative impairment test is performed. Impairment exists when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value.
Intangible Assets, net	Intangible Assets, net Intangible assets, excluding goodwill, primarily include brand names, technology and intellectual property, customer relationships and dealer networks. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line or an accelerated method of amortization over their estimated useful lives. Amortization of developed technology and intellectual property is recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales. Amortization of brand names, customer relationships and our dealer networks is recorded in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Impairment charges, if any, related to intangible assets are recorded in Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense or Automotive and other cost of sales.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets	Valuation of Long-Lived Assets The carrying amount of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets to be held and used in the business is evaluated for impairment when events and circumstances warrant. If the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group is considered impaired, a loss is recorded based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds fair value. Product-specific long-lived asset groups and non-product specific long-lived assets are separately tested for impairment on an asset group basis. Fair value is determined using either the market or sales comparison approach, cost approach or anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Long-lived assets to be disposed of other than by sale are considered held for use until disposition.
Government Incentives and Grants	Government Incentives and Grants We receive incentives from federal, state and local governments in different regions of the world that primarily encourage us to establish, maintain, or increase investment, employment, or production in the region. We account for government incentives as a reduction of expense, a reduction of the cost of the capital investment, or other income based on the substance of the incentive received. Benefits are generally recorded when there is reasonable assurance of receipt and amounts are recorded in earnings as the expenses in which the incentive is meant to offset are incurred, as we meet the conditions of the grant or as the capital investment is depreciated.
Pension and OPEB Plans	Pension and OPEB Plans Attribution, Methods and Assumptions The cost of benefits provided by defined benefit pension plans is recorded in the period employees provide service. The cost of pension plan amendments that provide for benefits already earned by plan participants is amortized over the expected period of benefit which may be the duration of the applicable collective bargaining agreement specific to the plan, the expected future working lifetime or the life expectancy of the plan participants. The cost of medical, dental, legal service and life insurance benefits provided through postretirement benefit plans is recorded in the period employees provide service. The cost of postretirement plan amendments that provide for benefits already earned by plan participants is amortized over the expected period of benefit which may be the average period to full eligibility or the average life expectancy of the plan participants. An expected return on plan asset methodology is utilized to calculate future pension expense for certain significant funded benefit plans. A market-related value of plan assets methodology is also utilized that averages gains and losses on the plan assets over a period of years to determine future pension expense. The methodology recognizes 60% of the difference between the fair value of assets and the expected calculated value in the first year and 10% of that difference over each of the next four years. The discount rate assumption is established for each of the retirement-related benefit plans at their respective measurement dates. In the U.S., we use a cash flow matching approach that uses projected cash flows matched to spot rates along a high-quality corporate bond yield curve to determine the present value of cash flows to calculate a single equivalent discount rate. We apply individual annual yield curve rates to determine the service cost and interest cost for our pension and OPEB plans to more specifically link the cash flows related to service cost and interest cost to bonds maturing in their year of payment. The benefit obligation for pension plans in Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany represents 90% of the non-U.S. pension benefit obligation at December 31, 2022. The discount rates for plans in Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany are determined using a cash flow matching approach like the U.S. Plan Asset Valuation Due to the lack of timely available market information for certain investments in the asset classes described below as well as the inherent uncertainty of valuation, reported fair values may differ from fair values that would have been used had timely available market information been available. Common and Preferred Stock Common and preferred stock for which market prices are readily available at the measurement date are valued at the last reported sale price or official closing price on the primary market or exchange on which they are actively traded and are classified in Level 1. Such equity securities for which the market is not considered to be active are valued via the use of observable inputs, which may include the use of adjusted market prices last available, bids or last available sales prices and/or other observable inputs and are classified in Level 2. Common and preferred stock classified in Level 3 are privately issued securities or other issues that are valued via the use of valuation models using significant unobservable inputs that generally consider aged (stale) pricing, earnings multiples, discounted cash flows and/or other qualitative and quantitative factors. Debt Securities Valuations for debt securities are based on quotations received from independent pricing services or from dealers who make markets in such securities. Debt securities priced via pricing services that utilize matrix pricing which considers readily observable inputs such as the yield or price of bonds of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type as well as dealer supplied prices, are classified in Level 2. Debt securities that are typically priced by dealers and pricing services via the use of proprietary pricing models which incorporate significant unobservable inputs are classified in Level 3. These inputs primarily consist of yield and credit spread assumptions, discount rates, prepayment curves, default assumptions and recovery rates. Investment Funds, Private Equity and Debt Investments and Real Estate Investments Investment funds, private equity and debt investments and real estate investments are valued based on the Net Asset Value (NAV) per Share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient to estimate fair value due to the absence of readily available market prices. NAVs are provided by the respective investment sponsors or investment advisers and are subsequently reviewed and approved by management. In the event management concludes a reported NAV does not reflect fair value or is not determined as of the financial reporting measurement date, we will consider whether and when deemed necessary to make an adjustment at the balance sheet date. In determining whether an adjustment to the external valuation is required, we will review material factors that could affect the valuation, such as changes in the composition or performance of the underlying investments or comparable investments, overall market conditions, expected sale prices for private investments which are probable of being sold in the short-term and other economic factors that may possibly have a favorable or unfavorable effect on the reported external valuation.
Stock Incentive Plans	Stock Incentive Plans Our stock incentive plans include RSUs, PSUs, stock options and awards that may be settled in our stock, the stock of our subsidiaries or in cash. We measure and record compensation expense based on the fair value of GM or Cruise's common stock on the date of grant for RSUs and PSUs and the grant date fair value, determined utilizing a lattice model or the Black-Scholes formula, for stock options and PSUs. We record compensation cost for service-based RSUs, PSUs and service-based stock options on a straight-line basis over the entire vesting period, or for retirement eligible employees over the requisite service period. In March 2022, all outstanding RSUs that settle in Cruise's common stock were modified to remove the liquidity vesting condition. Prospectively, RSUs that will settle in Cruise's common stock will vest solely upon satisfaction of a service condition. Compensation cost for awards that do not have an established accounting grant date, but for which the service inception date has been established, or are settled in cash is based on the fair value of GM or Cruise's common stock at the end of each reporting period. Compensation cost is also recorded on stock issued to settle awards based on the fair value of Cruise's common stock until such time that the stock has been issued for more than six months.
Product Warranty and Recall Campaigns	Product Warranty and Recall Campaigns The estimated costs related to product warranties are accrued at the time products are sold and are charged to Automotive and other cost of sales. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency and average cost of claims of each vehicle line or each model year of the vehicle line and assumptions about future activity and events. Revisions are made when necessary and are based on changes in these factors. The estimated costs related to recall campaigns are accrued when probable and estimable. In GMNA, we estimate the costs related to recall campaigns by applying a paid loss approach that considers the number of historical recall campaigns and the estimated cost for each recall campaign. The estimated costs associated with recall campaigns in other geographical regions are determined using the estimated costs of repairs and the estimated number of vehicles to be repaired. Costs associated with recall campaigns are charged to Automotive and other cost of sales. Revisions are made when necessary based on changes in these factors.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements using the statutory tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or rates is recorded in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date under the law. We record Global Intangible Low Tax Income (GILTI) as a current period expense when incurred. We establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets based on a more likely than not standard. Deferred income tax assets are evaluated quarterly to determine if valuation allowances are required or should be adjusted. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the tax law for each applicable tax jurisdiction. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted also considers all available positive and negative evidence factors. It is difficult to conclude a valuation allowance is not required when there is significant objective and verifiable negative evidence, such as cumulative losses in recent years. We utilize a rolling three years of actual and current year results as the primary measure of cumulative losses in recent years.We record uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process whereby we determine whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position, and for those tax positions that meet the more likely than not criteria, we recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. We record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions in Income tax expense.
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation	Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries that use the local currency as their functional currency are translated to U.S. Dollars based on the current exchange rate prevailing at each balance sheet date and any resulting translation adjustments are included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries whose local currency is not their functional currency are remeasured from their local currency to their functional currency and then translated to U.S. Dollars. Revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. Dollars using the average exchange rates prevailing for each period presented. The financial statements of any foreign subsidiary that has been identified as having a highly inflationary economy are remeasured as if the functional currency were the U.S. Dollar.Gains and losses arising from foreign currency transactions and the effects of remeasurements discussed in the preceding paragraph are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales and GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses unless related to Automotive debt, which are recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net.
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments Derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of each derivative financial instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as an accounting hedge, as well as the type of hedging relationship identified. Cash flows for all derivative financial instruments are typically classified in cash flows from operating activities. Derivative instruments are not used for trading or speculative purposes. Automotive We utilize options, swaps and forward contracts to manage foreign currency and commodity price risk. The change in the fair value of option, swap and forward contracts not designated as an accounting hedge is recorded in Interest income and other non-operating income, net. Certain foreign currency and commodity forward contracts have been designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. The risk being hedged is foreign currency and commodity price risk related to forecasted transactions. The change in the fair value of these forward contracts is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and will be recognized in Automotive net sales and revenue or Automotive and other cost of sales when the hedged transaction impacts earnings. Forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at inception and throughout the hedge period. Automotive Financing - GM Financial GM Financial utilizes interest rate derivative instruments to manage interest rate risk and foreign currency derivative instruments to manage foreign currency risk. The change in fair value of the derivative instruments not designated as an accounting hedge is recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Certain interest rate and foreign currency swap agreements have been designated as fair value hedges. The risk being hedged is the risk of changes in the fair value of the hedged debt attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate or the risk of changes in fair value attributable to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. If the swap has been designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the hedged item are recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. The change in fair value of the related hedge is also recorded in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses. Certain interest rate swap and foreign currency swap agreements have been designated as cash flow hedges. The risk being hedged is the interest rate and foreign currency risk related to forecasted transactions. If the contract has been designated as a cash flow hedge, the change in the fair value of the cash flow hedge is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and is recognized in GM Financial interest, operating and other expenses along with the earnings effect of the hedged item when the hedged item affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recorded currently in earnings and are presented in the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted	Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Effective October 1, 2022, we adopted Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2022-03, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions" (ASU 2022-03), which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered in measuring fair value. The adoption of ASU 2022-03 was insignificant to our consolidated financial statements. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2022-02 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures" (ASU 2022-02), which eliminates the accounting guidance for TDRs and enhances certain disclosure requirements. We adopted ASU 2022-02 on a modified retrospective basis on January 1, 2023. The impact of the adoption of ASU 2022-02 was insignificant.

Revenue (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenue by Major Source

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source for revenue generating segments:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	124,657	$	13,993	$	42	$	138,692	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	138,692
Used vehicles	483		33		—		516		—		—		—		516
Services and other	3,238		1,393		134		4,765		102		—		(101)		4,766
Automotive net sales and revenue	128,378		15,420		177		143,974		102		—		(101)		143,975
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		7,811		—		7,811
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		4,521		(2)		4,519
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		435		(4)		431
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		12,766		(6)		12,760
Net sales and revenue	$	128,378	$	15,420	$	177	$	143,974	$	102	$	12,766	$	(107)	$	156,735


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	97,515	$	10,956	$	14	$	108,485	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	108,485
Used vehicles	545		49		—		594		—		—		—		594
Services and other	3,248		1,167		90		4,505		106		—		(100)		4,511
Automotive net sales and revenue	101,308		12,172		104		113,584		106		—		(100)		113,590
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		9,026		—		9,026
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		4,103		—		4,103
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		290		(5)		285
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		13,419		(5)		13,414
Net sales and revenue	$	101,308	$	12,172	$	104	$	113,584	$	106	$	13,419	$	(105)	$	127,004


	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/ Reclassifications		Total
Vehicle, parts and accessories	$	92,749	$	10,593	$	1	$	103,343	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	103,343
Used vehicles	875		115		20		1,010		—		—		—		1,010
Services and other	3,109		878		329		4,316		103		—		(99)		4,320
Automotive net sales and revenue	96,733		11,586		350		108,669		103		—		(99)		108,673
Leased vehicle income	—		—		—		—		—		9,530		—		9,530
Finance charge income	—		—		—		—		—		3,996		(1)		3,995
Other income	—		—		—		—		—		305		(18)		287
GM Financial net sales and revenue	—		—		—		—		—		13,831		(19)		13,812
Net sales and revenue	$	96,733	$	11,586	$	350	$	108,669	$	103	$	13,831	$	(118)	$	122,485

Marketable and Other Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Marketable Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the fair value of cash equivalents and marketable debt securities, which approximates cost:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and time deposits		$	8,921	$	7,881
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	1,012		722
Corporate debt	2	2,778		5,321
Sovereign debt	2	1,828		2,105
Total available-for-sale debt securities – cash equivalents		5,618		8,148
Money market funds	1	4,613		4,038
Total cash and cash equivalents(a)		$	19,153	$	20,067
Marketable debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	$	4,357	$	2,071
Corporate debt	2	5,147		3,396
Mortgage and asset-backed	2	538		575
Sovereign debt	2	2,108		2,567
Total available-for-sale debt securities – marketable securities(b)		$	12,150	$	8,609
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents		$	341	$	466
Money market funds	1	2,455		3,009
Total restricted cash		$	2,796	$	3,475

Available-for-sale debt securities included above with contractual maturities(c)
Due in one year or less		$	10,909
Due between one and five years		6,231


Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities		$	17,139

__________

(a) Includes $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion in Cruise at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(b) Includes $1.4 billion and $1.5 billion in Cruise at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(c) Excludes mortgage and asset-backed securities of $538 million at December 31, 2022 as these securities are not due at a single maturity date.

Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date

The following table summarizes the fair value of cash equivalents and marketable debt securities, which approximates cost:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and time deposits		$	8,921	$	7,881
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	1,012		722
Corporate debt	2	2,778		5,321
Sovereign debt	2	1,828		2,105
Total available-for-sale debt securities – cash equivalents		5,618		8,148
Money market funds	1	4,613		4,038
Total cash and cash equivalents(a)		$	19,153	$	20,067
Marketable debt securities
U.S. government and agencies	2	$	4,357	$	2,071
Corporate debt	2	5,147		3,396
Mortgage and asset-backed	2	538		575
Sovereign debt	2	2,108		2,567
Total available-for-sale debt securities – marketable securities(b)		$	12,150	$	8,609
Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents		$	341	$	466
Money market funds	1	2,455		3,009
Total restricted cash		$	2,796	$	3,475

Available-for-sale debt securities included above with contractual maturities(c)
Due in one year or less		$	10,909
Due between one and five years		6,231


Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities		$	17,139

__________

(a) Includes $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion in Cruise at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(b) Includes $1.4 billion and $1.5 billion in Cruise at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(c) Excludes mortgage and asset-backed securities of $538 million at December 31, 2022 as these securities are not due at a single maturity date.

Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash from Balance Sheet to Statement of Cash Flows


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,153	$	20,067
Restricted cash included in Other current assets	2,356		2,935
Restricted cash included in Other assets	440		540
Total	$	21,948	$	23,542

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions (Tables) - GM Financial

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

GM Financial Receivables


	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Retail		Commercial(a)		Total		Retail		Commercial(a)		Total
GM Financial receivables	$	65,322	$	10,988	$	76,310	$	58,093	$	6,609	$	64,702
Less: allowance for loan losses	(2,062)		(34)		(2,096)		(1,839)		(47)		(1,886)
GM Financial receivables, net	$	63,260	$	10,954	$	74,214	$	56,254	$	6,562	$	62,816

Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 2 inputs					$	10,954					$	6,562
Fair value of GM Financial receivables utilizing Level 3 inputs					$	62,150					$	57,613

__________

Allowance for Loan Losses


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	1,886	$	1,978	$	944
Impact of adoption ASU 2016-13	—		—		801
Provision for loan losses	654		248		881
Charge-offs	(1,138)		(897)		(1,169)
Recoveries	686		574		542
Effect of foreign currency	9		(17)		(21)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$	2,096	$	1,886	$	1,978

Intercompany Transactions

The following table shows transactions between our Automotive segments and GM Financial. These amounts are presented in GM Financial's consolidated balance sheets and statements of income.


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Consolidated Balance Sheets(a)
Commercial finance receivables, net due from GM consolidated dealers	$	187	$	163
Receivables due from Cruise	$	113	$	—
Subvention receivable(b)	$	469	$	282
Commercial loan funding payable	$	105	$	26


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Consolidated Statements of Income
Interest subvention earned on finance receivables	$	984	$	820	$	679
Leased vehicle subvention earned	$	1,916	$	2,702	$	3,042

__________

(a)All balance sheet amounts are eliminated upon consolidation.

(b)Our Automotive segments made cash payments to GM Financial for subvention of $2.4 billion, $3.3 billion and $3.9 billion in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Retail Finance Receivables

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

Finance Receivables Credit Quality

The following tables are consolidated summaries of the retail finance receivables by FICO score or its equivalent, determined at origination, for each vintage of the retail finance receivables portfolio at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total		Percent
Prime – FICO score 680 and greater	$	22,677	$	13,399	$	7,991	$	2,254	$	1,019	$	205	$	47,543	72.8	%
Near-prime – FICO score 620 to 679	3,202		2,601		1,487		688		310		104		8,392		12.8	%
Sub-prime – FICO score less than 620	3,211		2,746		1,604		1,051		496		280		9,388		14.4	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589	$	65,322	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2021
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total		Percent
Prime – FICO score 680 and greater	$	19,729	$	12,408	$	4,078	$	2,298	$	763	$	143	$	39,419	67.9	%
Near-prime – FICO score 620 to 679	3,856		2,388		1,229		648		274		84		8,479		14.6	%
Sub-prime – FICO score less than 620	4,053		2,528		1,777		972		570		295		10,195		17.5	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	27,638	$	17,324	$	7,084	$	3,918	$	1,607	$	522	$	58,093	100.0	%

Retail Finance Receivables Delinquency

The following tables are consolidated summaries of the delinquency status of the outstanding amortized cost of retail finance receivables for each vintage of the portfolio at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior			Total		Percent
0-to-30 days	$	28,676	$	18,128	$	10,702	$	3,743	$	1,685	$	493		$	63,426	97.1	%
31-to-60 days	310		452		275		184		103		69			1,393		2.1	%
Greater-than-60 days	93		150		98		62		35		26			465		0.7	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	403		603		373		246		138		95			1,857		2.8	%
In repossession	11		14		6		4		2		1			39		0.1	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	414		617		380		249		140		96			1,896		2.9	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	29,090	$	18,745	$	11,081	$	3,992	$	1,824	$	589		$	65,322	100.0	%


	Year of Origination												December 31, 2021
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior			Total		Percent
0-to-30 days	$	27,270	$	16,945	$	6,772	$	3,721	$	1,478	$	440		$	56,626	97.5	%
31-to-60 days	273		276		230		147		97		60			1,083		1.8	%
Greater-than-60 days	83		93		76		46		30		21			349		0.6	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent	356		369		306		193		127		81			1,432		2.4	%
In repossession	12		10		6		4		2		1			35		0.1	%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession	368		379		312		197		129		82			1,467		2.5	%
Retail finance receivables, net of fees	$	27,638	$	17,324	$	7,084	$	3,918	$	1,607	$	522		$	58,093	100.0	%

Commercial Finance Receivables

Finance Receivables [Line Items]

Finance Receivables Credit Quality

GM Financial's commercial risk model and risk rating categories are as follows:


Rating						Description
I						Performing accounts with strong to acceptable financial metrics with at least satisfactory capacity to meet financial commitments.
II						Performing accounts experiencing potential weakness in financial metrics and repayment prospects resulting in increased monitoring.
III						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and have the distinct possibility of creating a loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
IV						Non-Performing accounts with inadequate paying capacity for current obligations and inherent weaknesses that make collection of liquidation in full highly questionable or improbable.

The following tables summarize the credit risk profile by dealer risk rating of commercial finance receivables at December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Year of Origination(a)														December 31, 2022
	Revolving		2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior			Total		Percent
I	$	9,493	$	438	$	356	$	360	$	91	$	38	$	18		$	10,794	98.2	%
II	89		—		1		—		—		—		—			91		0.8	%
III	78		15		—		—		10		—		—			104		0.9	%
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—		—	%
Commercial finance receivables, net of fees	$	9,660	$	453	$	357	$	360	$	102	$	38	$	18		$	10,988	100.0	%

_________

(a)Floorplan advances comprise 97% of the total revolving balance. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.


	Year of Origination(a)														December 31, 2021
	Revolving		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior			Total		Percent
I	$	5,210	$	420	$	396	$	120	$	50	$	50	$	10		$	6,256	94.7	%
II	207		3		16		12		—		3		—			241		3.6	%
III	81		8		15		2		—		2		4			112		1.7	%
IV	—		—		—		—		—		—		—			—		—	%
Commercial finance receivables, net of fees	$	5,498	$	431	$	427	$	134	$	50	$	55	$	14		$	6,609	100.0	%

__________

(a)Floorplan advances comprise 94% of the total revolving balance. Dealer term loans are presented by year of origination.

Inventories (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Inventories


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Total productive material, supplies and work in process	$	8,014	$	8,240
Finished product, including service parts	7,353		4,748
Total inventories	$	15,366	$	12,988

Operating Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]

Schedule of Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease

Equipment on operating leases primarily consists of leases to retail customers of GM Financial.


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Equipment on operating leases	$	40,919	$	47,423
Less: accumulated depreciation	(8,218)		(9,494)
Equipment on operating leases, net	$	32,701	$	37,929

GM Financial

Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]

Schedule of Future Rental Payments Receivable for Operating Leases

The following table summarizes lease payments due to GM Financial on leases to retail customers:


	Years Ending December 31,
	2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter		Total
Lease receipts under operating leases	$	4,880	$	2,804	$	1,049	$	117	$	2	$	—	$	8,852

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Schedule of Equity Income

Revenue and expenses of our joint ventures are not consolidated into our financial statements; rather, our proportionate share of the earnings of each joint venture is reflected as Equity income.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Automotive China equity income (loss)	$	677	$	1,098	$	512
Other joint ventures equity income (loss)	159		203		162
Total Equity income (loss)	$	837	$	1,301	$	674

Carrying Amount of Investments in Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Investments in Nonconsolidated Affiliates


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Automotive China carrying amount	$	6,714	$	7,156
Ultium Cells Holdings LLC carrying amount	1,463		650
Other investments carrying amount	1,998		1,871
Total equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	10,176	$	9,677

Summarized Financial Data for Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Summarized Financial Data of Nonconsolidated Affiliates


	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Automotive China JVs		Others		Total		Automotive China JVs		Others		Total
Summarized Balance Sheet Data
Current assets	$	17,735	$	17,405	$	35,140	$	18,176	$	18,166	$	36,342
Non-current assets	12,428		10,826		23,254		13,948		10,042		23,990
Total assets	$	30,163	$	28,231	$	58,394	$	32,124	$	28,208	$	60,332

Current liabilities	$	23,267	$	17,498	$	40,765	$	24,320	$	17,141	$	41,461
Non-current liabilities	1,167		3,184		4,351		1,223		5,607		6,830
Total liabilities	$	24,434	$	20,682	$	45,116	$	25,543	$	22,748	$	48,291

Noncontrolling interests	$	904	$	—	$	904	$	867	$	—	$	867


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Summarized Operating Data
Automotive China JVs' net sales	$	35,857	$	42,776	$	38,736
Others' net sales	2,029		2,017		1,850
Total net sales	$	37,886	$	44,793	$	40,586

Automotive China JVs' net income	$	1,407	$	2,109	$	1,239
Others' net income	426		587		436
Total net income	$	1,833	$	2,696	$	1,675

Nonconsolidated Affiliates

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Transactions with and Balances Related to Nonconsolidated Affiliates

The following tables summarize transactions with and balances related to our nonconsolidated affiliates:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Automotive sales and revenue	$	218	$	227	$	235
Automotive purchases, net	$	2,637	$	1,551	$	165
Dividends received	$	1,030	$	783	$	1,198
Operating cash flows	$	(1,133)	$	(616)	$	1,473


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accounts and notes receivable, net	$	1,089	$	1,004
Accounts payable	$	942	$	555
Undistributed earnings	$	1,918	$	2,111

China JVs

Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]

Schedule of Equity Method Investments

The following table summarizes our direct ownership interests in our China JVs:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Automotive China JVs
SAIC General Motors Corp., Ltd. (SGM)	50	%	50	%
Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center Co., Ltd.	50	%	50	%
SAIC General Motors Sales Co., Ltd. (SGMS)	49	%	49	%
SAIC GM Wuling Automobile Co., Ltd. (SGMW)	44	%	44	%
Shanghai OnStar Telematics Co., Ltd. (Shanghai OnStar)	40	%	40	%
SAIC GM (Shenyang) Norsom Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM Norsom)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Motors Co., Ltd. (SGM DY)	25	%	25	%
SAIC GM Dong Yue Powertrain Co., Ltd. (SGM DYPT)	25	%	25	%
Other joint ventures
SAIC-GMAC Automotive Finance Company Limited (SAIC-GMAC)	35	%	35	%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd.	35	%	35	%

Property (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment


	Estimated Useful Lives in Years	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Land		$	1,307	$	1,301
Buildings and improvements	5-40	11,461		10,542
Machinery and equipment	3-27	33,413		31,444
Special tools	1-13	24,775		23,719
Construction in progress		7,340		5,395
Total property		78,295		72,401
Less: accumulated depreciation		(33,047)		(31,286)
Total property, net		$	45,248	$	41,115

Depreciation Amortization and Impairment of Property Plant and Equipment

The amount of interest capitalized and excluded from Automotive interest expense related to Property, net was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	6,297	$	5,829	$	5,354
Impairment charges	$	12	$	—	$	86


Capitalized software amortization expense(a)	$	614	$	515	$	457

__________

(a) Included in depreciation and amortization expense.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Components of Intangible Assets


	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Technology and intellectual property	$	767	$	564	$	203	$	764	$	555	$	209
Brands	4,294		1,658		2,636		4,296		1,550		2,746
Dealer network, customer relationships and other	960		765		195		966		748		218
Total intangible assets	$	6,021	$	2,987	$	3,034	$	6,026	$	2,853	$	3,173

Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

GM Financial | Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary

Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]

Schedule of Variable Interest Entities

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities related to GM Financial's consolidated VIEs:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Restricted cash – current	$	2,176	$	2,291
Restricted cash – non-current	$	360	$	449
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – current	$	19,896	$	15,344
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – non-current	$	18,748	$	16,518
GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net	$	18,456	$	16,143
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	21,643	$	19,876
GM Financial long-term debt	$	20,545	$	19,401

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

+ References + Details

Accrued and Other Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accrued Liabilities and Other Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued and Other Liabilities


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accrued liabilities
Dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	$	4,813	$	3,211
Deferred revenue	2,489		2,461
Product warranty and related liabilities	3,042		3,769
Payrolls and employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	3,298		2,937
Other	11,268		7,919
Total accrued liabilities	$	24,910	$	20,297

Other liabilities
Deferred revenue	$	3,552	$	3,010
Product warranty and related liabilities	5,488		6,005
Operating lease liabilities	967		1,012
Employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	512		622
Postemployment benefits including facility idling reserves	507		775
Other	3,740		3,661
Total other liabilities	$	14,767	$	15,085

Product Warranty and Related Liabilities


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Product Warranty and Related Liabilities
Warranty balance at beginning of period	$	9,774	$	8,242	$	7,798
Warranties issued and assumed in period – recall campaigns	651		2,820		1,628
Warranties issued and assumed in period – product warranty	1,943		1,665		1,773
Payments	(4,097)		(3,249)		(2,986)
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties	297		315		41
Effect of foreign currency and other	(37)		(19)		(12)
Warranty balance at end of period	8,530		9,774		8,242
Less: Supplier recoveries balance at end of period(a)	1,184		2,039		224
Warranty balance, net of supplier recoveries at end of period	$	7,345	$	7,735	$	8,018

__________

(a)The current portion of supplier recoveries is recorded in Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance and the non-current portion is recorded in Other assets.


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Product warranty expense, net of recoveries
Warranties issued and assumed in period	$	2,593	$	4,485	$	3,401
Supplier recoveries accrued in period	(261)		(2,175)		(322)
Adjustments and other	260		296		29
Warranty expense, net of supplier recoveries	$	2,592	$	2,606	$	3,108

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Interest expense and financing interest expense


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Automotive interest expense	$	987	$	950	$	1,098
Automotive Financing - GM Financial interest expense	2,881		2,546		3,023
Total interest expense	$	3,868	$	3,496	$	4,121

Schedule of maturities of long-term debt

The following table summarizes contractual maturities including finance leases at December 31, 2022:


	Automotive		Automotive Financing		Total
2023	$	1,961	$	36,912	$	38,873
2024	118		21,144		21,262
2025	2,597		15,340		17,937
2026	61		7,817		7,878
2027	1,805		6,505		8,310
Thereafter	11,827		10,130		21,957
	$	18,369	$	97,847	$	116,217

Automotive

Debt carrying amount and fair value

The following table presents debt in our automotive operations:


	December 31, 2022					December 31, 2021
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value			Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Secured debt	$	124	$	123		$	192	$	212
Unsecured debt(a)	17,340		16,323			16,277		19,995
Finance lease liabilities	381		381			349		362
Total automotive debt(b)	$	17,844	$	16,828		$	16,818	$	20,569

Fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs			$	15,971				$	19,085
Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs			$	857				$	1,484


Available under credit facility agreements(c)			$	15,095				$	15,208
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding short-term debt(d)			6.1		%			9.8		%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt(d)			5.8		%			5.8		%

__________

(a)Primarily consist of senior notes.

(b)Includes net discount and debt issuance costs of $525 million and $512 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(c)Excludes our 364-day, $2.0 billion facility designated for exclusive use by GM Financial.

(d)Includes coupon rates on debt denominated in various foreign currencies and interest free loans.

GM Financial

Debt carrying amount and fair value

The following table presents debt of GM Financial:


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Secured debt	$	42,131	$	41,467	$	39,338	$	39,401
Unsecured debt	54,723		52,270		53,223		54,357
Total GM Financial debt	$	96,854	$	93,738	$	92,561	$	93,758

Fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs			$	91,545			$	92,250
Fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs			$	2,192			$	1,508

Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Derivative [Line Items]

Schedule of Fair Value Hedging Instruments

The following amounts were recorded in the consolidated balance sheets related to items designated and qualifying as hedged items in fair value hedging relationships:


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Carrying Amount of Hedged Items		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments(a)		Carrying Amount of Hedged Items		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments(a)
Short-term unsecured debt	$	3,048	$	2	$	1,338	$	(1)
Long-term unsecured debt	25,271		779		23,626		(225)
GM Financial unsecured debt	$	28,319	$	781	$	24,964	$	(226)

__________

(a)Includes an insignificant amount and $246 million of unamortized gains remaining on hedged items for which hedge accounting has been discontinued at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Automotive

Derivative [Line Items]

Schedule of Notional Amounts for Derivative Financial Instruments

The following table presents the notional amounts of derivative financial instruments in our automotive operations:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Derivatives not designated as hedges(a)
Foreign currency	2	$	4,072	$	4,228
Commodity	2	1,075		1,549
Stellantis warrants(b)	2	—		45
Total derivative financial instruments		$	5,148	$	5,822

__________

GM Financial

Derivative [Line Items]

Schedule of Notional Amounts for Derivative Financial Instruments

The following table presents the gross fair value amounts of GM Financial's derivative financial instruments and the associated notional amounts:


	Fair Value Level	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
		Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities		Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedges(a)
Fair value hedges
Interest rate swaps	2	$	19,950	$	—	$	821	$	15,058	$	74	$	88
Foreign currency swaps	2	—		—		—		682		—		59
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps	2	1,434		34		1		611		12		4
Foreign currency swaps(b)	2	6,852		—		586		7,419		85		201
Derivatives not designated as hedges(a)
Interest rate contracts	2	113,975		2,268		1,984		110,053		846		339
Foreign currency contracts	2	—		—		—		148		—		—
Total derivative financial instruments(c)		$	142,212	$	2,302	$	3,392	$	133,971	$	1,017	$	691

__________

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Changes in Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets and Funded Status


	Year Ended December 31, 2022						Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans		Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.		Non-U.S.				U.S.		Non-U.S.
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	$	60,208	$	18,314	$	6,124	$	66,468	$	20,807	$	6,656
Service cost	161		146		16		187		109		18
Interest cost	1,292		293		148		1,074		236		123


Actuarial (gains) losses	(12,010)		(3,797)		(1,289)		(2,564)		(1,015)		(282)
Benefits paid	(4,239)		(955)		(410)		(4,414)		(1,151)		(424)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		(1,361)		(69)		—		(509)		4

Curtailments, settlements and other	(595)		(58)		23		(543)		(163)		29
Ending benefit obligation	44,817		12,582		4,543		60,208		18,314		6,124
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	59,921		13,521		—		61,077		13,846		—
Actual return on plan assets	(10,258)		(2,257)		—		3,734		602		—
Employer contributions	71		332		387		67		371		400

Benefits paid	(4,239)		(955)		(410)		(4,414)		(1,151)		(424)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		(1,024)		—		—		10		—


Settlements and other	(594)		(87)		23		(543)		(157)		24
Ending fair value of plan assets	44,901		9,530		—		59,921		13,521		—
Ending funded status	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)	$	(287)	$	(4,793)	$	(6,124)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	$	1,557	$	1,552	$	—	$	1,896	$	1,440	$	—
Current liabilities	(62)		(316)		(350)		(70)		(338)		(381)
Non-current liabilities	(1,411)		(4,288)		(4,193)		(2,113)		(5,895)		(5,743)
Net amount recorded	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)	$	(287)	$	(4,793)	$	(6,124)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	$	(1,186)	$	(2,157)	$	(86)	$	(13)	$	(3,675)	$	(1,439)
Net prior service (cost) credit	5		(56)		10		7		(54)		15
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(1,181)	$	(2,213)	$	(76)	$	(6)	$	(3,729)	$	(1,424)

Schedule of amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets


	Year Ended December 31, 2022						Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans		Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.		Non-U.S.				U.S.		Non-U.S.
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	$	60,208	$	18,314	$	6,124	$	66,468	$	20,807	$	6,656
Service cost	161		146		16		187		109		18
Interest cost	1,292		293		148		1,074		236		123


Actuarial (gains) losses	(12,010)		(3,797)		(1,289)		(2,564)		(1,015)		(282)
Benefits paid	(4,239)		(955)		(410)		(4,414)		(1,151)		(424)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		(1,361)		(69)		—		(509)		4

Curtailments, settlements and other	(595)		(58)		23		(543)		(163)		29
Ending benefit obligation	44,817		12,582		4,543		60,208		18,314		6,124
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	59,921		13,521		—		61,077		13,846		—
Actual return on plan assets	(10,258)		(2,257)		—		3,734		602		—
Employer contributions	71		332		387		67		371		400

Benefits paid	(4,239)		(955)		(410)		(4,414)		(1,151)		(424)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		(1,024)		—		—		10		—


Settlements and other	(594)		(87)		23		(543)		(157)		24
Ending fair value of plan assets	44,901		9,530		—		59,921		13,521		—
Ending funded status	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)	$	(287)	$	(4,793)	$	(6,124)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	$	1,557	$	1,552	$	—	$	1,896	$	1,440	$	—
Current liabilities	(62)		(316)		(350)		(70)		(338)		(381)
Non-current liabilities	(1,411)		(4,288)		(4,193)		(2,113)		(5,895)		(5,743)
Net amount recorded	$	84	$	(3,052)	$	(4,543)	$	(287)	$	(4,793)	$	(6,124)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	$	(1,186)	$	(2,157)	$	(86)	$	(13)	$	(3,675)	$	(1,439)
Net prior service (cost) credit	5		(56)		10		7		(54)		15
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(1,181)	$	(2,213)	$	(76)	$	(6)	$	(3,729)	$	(1,424)

Schedule of Projected Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
ABO	$	44,798	$	12,505	$	60,188	$	18,244
Plans with ABO in excess of plan assets
ABO	$	5,668	$	4,739	$	8,396	$	6,464
Fair value of plan assets	$	4,214	$	211	$	6,233	$	300
Plans with PBO in excess of plan assets
PBO	$	5,687	$	4,815	$	8,415	$	6,533
Fair value of plan assets	$	4,214	$	211	$	6,223	$	300

Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
ABO	$	44,798	$	12,505	$	60,188	$	18,244
Plans with ABO in excess of plan assets
ABO	$	5,668	$	4,739	$	8,396	$	6,464
Fair value of plan assets	$	4,214	$	211	$	6,233	$	300
Plans with PBO in excess of plan assets
PBO	$	5,687	$	4,815	$	8,415	$	6,533
Fair value of plan assets	$	4,214	$	211	$	6,223	$	300

Schedule of Net Periodic Pension and OPEB expense

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense along with the assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022									Year Ended December 31, 2021									Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.
Components of expense
Service cost	$	233		$	157		$	16		$	260		$	121		$	18		$	251		$	145		$	19
Interest cost	1,292			293			148			1,074			236			123			1,716			362			173
Expected return on plan assets	(3,000)			(534)			—			(3,178)			(610)			—			(3,267)			(675)			—
Amortization of net actuarial losses	18			133			67			26			212			97			16			171			74
Curtailments, settlements and other	(17)			10			(5)			15			7			(6)			17			241			(8)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$	(1,474)		$	59		$	226		$	(1,803)		$	(34)		$	232		$	(1,267)		$	244		$	258
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	5.47		%	4.85		%	5.51		%	2.78		%	2.13		%	2.97		%	2.37		%	1.62		%	2.53		%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	2.34		%	2.98		%	2.84		%	1.86		%	2.38		%	2.24		%	2.84		%	2.80		%	3.00		%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	5.38		%	4.39		%	N/A			5.63		%	4.67		%	N/A			5.88		%	4.96		%	N/A

_________

(a) The rate of compensation increase and the cash balance interest crediting rates do not have a significant effect on our U.S. pension and OPEB plans.

Schedule of Assumptions Used

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense along with the assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022									Year Ended December 31, 2021									Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans			Pension Benefits						Global OPEB Plans
	U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.						U.S.			Non-U.S.
Components of expense
Service cost	$	233		$	157		$	16		$	260		$	121		$	18		$	251		$	145		$	19
Interest cost	1,292			293			148			1,074			236			123			1,716			362			173
Expected return on plan assets	(3,000)			(534)			—			(3,178)			(610)			—			(3,267)			(675)			—
Amortization of net actuarial losses	18			133			67			26			212			97			16			171			74
Curtailments, settlements and other	(17)			10			(5)			15			7			(6)			17			241			(8)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense	$	(1,474)		$	59		$	226		$	(1,803)		$	(34)		$	232		$	(1,267)		$	244		$	258
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	5.47		%	4.85		%	5.51		%	2.78		%	2.13		%	2.97		%	2.37		%	1.62		%	2.53		%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate	2.34		%	2.98		%	2.84		%	1.86		%	2.38		%	2.24		%	2.84		%	2.80		%	3.00		%
Expected rate of return on plan assets	5.38		%	4.39		%	N/A			5.63		%	4.67		%	N/A			5.88		%	4.96		%	N/A

_________

(a) The rate of compensation increase and the cash balance interest crediting rates do not have a significant effect on our U.S. pension and OPEB plans.

Schedule of Expected Net Benefit Payments

The following table summarizes net benefit payments expected to be paid in the future, which include assumptions related to estimated future employee service:


	Pension Benefits				Global OPEB Plans
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		Global OPEB Plans
2023	$	4,523	$	995	$	358
2024	$	4,246	$	934	$	354
2025	$	4,144	$	916	$	351
2026	$	4,036	$	892	$	349
2027	$	3,919	$	873	$	346
2028–2032	$	17,614	$	4,142	$	1,690

Pension Plan

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of contributions to defined benefit pension plans

The following table summarizes contributions made to the defined benefit pension plans:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
U.S. hourly and salaried	$	71	$	67	$	68
Non-U.S.	332		371		396
Total	$	403	$	438	$	464

Schedules of Fair Value of Plan Assets by Asset Class and Target Allocations

The following table summarizes the target allocations by asset category for U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		U.S.		Non-U.S.
Equity	8	%	10	%	9	%	14	%
Debt	69	%	75	%	68	%	69	%
Other(a)	23	%	15	%	23	%	17	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%

__________

(a) Primarily includes private equity, real estate and absolute return strategies, which mainly consist of hedge funds.

Assets and Fair Value Measurements The following tables summarize the fair value of U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plan assets by asset class:


	December 31, 2022								December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
U.S. Pension Plan Assets


Common and preferred stocks	$	1,222	$	—	$	3	$	1,225	$	2,554	$	—	$	—	$	2,554
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		9,606		—		9,606		—		14,924		—		14,924
Corporate and other debt securities	—		21,816		—		21,816		—		26,064		—		26,064



Other investments, net(b)	125		60		254		439		421		21		246		688




Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	1,347	$	31,482	$	257	33,086		$	2,975	$	41,009	$	246	44,230
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							5,124								7,304
Private equity and debt investments							3,936								4,415
Real estate investments							3,491								3,604
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							12,551								15,323
Other plan assets (liabilities), net(c)							(736)								368
Net plan assets							$	44,901							$	59,921


	December 31, 2022								December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Non-U.S. Pension Plan Assets


Common and preferred stocks	$	143	$	—	$	—	$	143	$	372	$	—	$	—	$	372
Government and agency debt securities(a)	—		2,185		—		2,185		—		3,084		—		3,084
Corporate and other debt securities	—		2,570		1		2,571		—		3,379		2		3,381



Other investments, net(b)(d)	24		(70)		84		38		52		(66)		116		102




Net plan assets subject to leveling	$	167	$	4,685	$	85	4,937		$	424	$	6,397	$	118	6,939
Plan assets measured at net asset value
Investment funds							3,124								4,963
Private equity and debt investments							483								593
Real estate investments							878								989
Total plan assets measured at net asset value							4,485								6,545
Other plan assets (liabilities), net(c)							108								37
Net plan assets							$	9,530							$	13,521

__________

(a)Includes U.S. and sovereign government and agency issues.

(b)Includes net derivative assets (liabilities).

(c)Cash held by the plans, net of amounts receivable/payable for unsettled security transactions and payables for investment manager fees, custody fees and other expenses.

(d)Level 2 Other investments, net includes Canadian repurchase agreements of approximately $150 million and $271 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income before Income Taxes and Equity Income


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
U.S. income (loss)	$	9,454	$	9,513	$	6,881
Non-U.S. income (loss)	1,306		1,902		540
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss)	$	10,760	$	11,415	$	7,421

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	$	389	$	20	$	84
U.S. state and local	368		142		272
Non-U.S.	707		395		493
Total current income tax expense (benefit)	1,464		557		849
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	263		1,699		632
U.S. state and local	109		229		(15)
Non-U.S.	53		286		308
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	425		2,214		925
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	1,888	$	2,771	$	1,774

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	$	2,260	$	2,397	$	1,558
State and local tax expense (benefit)	388		301		219
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate	32		36		(1)
U.S. tax impact on Non-U.S. income and activities	5		129		(160)
Change in valuation allowances	(392)		665		370
Change in tax laws	78		(93)		—
General business credits and manufacturing incentives	(829)		(492)		(366)

Settlements of prior year tax matters	—		11		(18)
Realization of basis differences in affiliates	209		(295)		(12)
Foreign currency remeasurement	36		28		(7)
Other adjustments	102		84		191
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	1,888	$	2,771	$	1,774

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes the components of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	$	1,120	$	1,572
Pension and other employee benefit plans	997		1,540
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	4,341		4,253

U.S. capitalized research expenditures	8,851		7,285
U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(a)	5,861		6,959
Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(b)	6,296		6,593
Miscellaneous	2,773		3,468
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances	30,240		31,670
Less: valuation allowances	(7,744)		(8,855)
Total deferred tax assets	22,495		22,815
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	1,957		1,775
Intangible assets	707		729
Total deferred tax liabilities	2,664		2,504
Net deferred tax assets	$	19,832	$	20,311

_________

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The following table summarizes activity of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	634	$	1,086	$	775
Additions to current year tax positions	12		22		435
Additions to prior years' tax positions	14		46		26
Reductions to prior years' tax positions	(98)		(473)		(132)
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations	(20)		(17)		(3)
Settlements	(10)		(26)		(10)
Other	(12)		(4)		(5)
Balance at end of period	$	520	$	634	$	1,086

Restructuring And Other Initiatives (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Schedule of Restructuring and Related Costs

The following table summarizes the reserves and charges related to restructuring and other initiatives, including postemployment benefit reserves and charges:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	285	$	352	$	564
Additions, interest accretion and other	522		216		565
Payments	(275)		(278)		(678)
Revisions to estimates and effect of foreign currency	(12)		(5)		(99)
Balance at end of period	$	520	$	285	$	352

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Schedule of Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income, net


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Non-service pension and OPEB income (loss)	$	1,512	$	1,909	$	1,095
Interest income	460		146		241
Licensing agreements income	238		195		211
Revaluation of investments	(236)		571		265
Other	(542)		220		73
Total interest income and other non-operating income, net	$	1,432	$	3,041	$	1,885

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes the significant components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Balance at beginning of period	$	(2,654)	$	(2,735)	$	(2,278)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests, net of reclassification adjustment and tax(a)(b)(c)	(123)		81		(457)
Balance at end of period	$	(2,776)	$	(2,654)	$	(2,735)
Defined Benefit Plans
Balance at beginning of period	$	(6,528)	$	(10,654)	$	(8,859)
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment(a)	1,487		4,714		(2,661)
Tax benefit (expense)	2		(906)		444
Other comprehensive income (loss) and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of tax(a)	1,488		3,808		(2,217)
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax(c)	188		318		422
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	1,677		4,126		(1,795)
Balance at end of period(d)	$	(4,851)	$	(6,528)	$	(10,654)

__________

(a) The noncontrolling interests were insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

(b) The reclassification adjustment was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

(d) Primarily consists of unamortized actuarial loss on our defined benefit plans.

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Basic earnings per share
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	$	9,934	$	10,019	$	6,427
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock(a)	(1,019)		(182)		(180)


Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	8,915	$	9,837	$	6,247

Weighted-average common shares outstanding	1,445		1,451		1,433



Basic earnings per common share	$	6.17	$	6.78	$	4.36
Diluted earnings per share


Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders – diluted	$	8,915	$	9,837	$	6,247

Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic	1,445		1,451		1,433
Dilutive effect of warrants and awards under stock incentive plans	10		17		9
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted	1,454		1,468		1,442



Diluted earnings per common share	$	6.13	$	6.70	$	4.33

Potentially dilutive securities(b)	10		2		7

__________

Stock Incentive Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation Activity


	Shares (in millions)	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years
Units outstanding at January 1, 2022	30.2	$	26.14	0.8
Granted	10.3	$	39.95
Settled	(5.6)	$	40.34
Forfeited or expired	(0.7)	$	40.28
Units outstanding at December 31, 2022(a)	34.1	$	27.62	0.8

__________

(a) Includes the target amount of PSUs.



	Cruise Restricted Stock Units				Cruise Stock Options
	Shares (in millions)	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years	Shares (in millions)	Weighted-Average Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years

Units outstanding at January 1, 2022	66.2	$	18.82	8.1	23.8	$	7.07	2.0
Granted	47.4	$	28.09		2.9	$	15.77
Settled or exercised	(45.2)	$	29.00		(2.3)	$	20.64
Forfeited or expired	(7.2)	$	26.86		—	$	—
Units outstanding at December 31, 2022(a)	61.2	$	28.62	1.5	24.4	$	8.22	1.7

__________

Segment Reporting (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

The following tables summarize key financial information by segment:


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/Reclassifications		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	128,378	$	15,420	$	177			$	143,974	$	102	$	12,766	$	(107)	$	156,735
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	12,988	$	1,143	$	(1,846)			$	12,286	$	(1,890)	$	4,076	$	2	$	14,474
Adjustments(a)	$	(411)	$	(657)	$	—			$	(1,068)	$	(1,057)	$	—	$	—	(2,125)
Automotive interest income																	460
Automotive interest expense																	(987)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(226)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	11,597
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(1,888)
Net income (loss)																	9,708

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	226
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	9,934
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	1,820	$	6,691	$	—	$	—	$	8,511	$	—	$	1,665	$	—	$	10,176
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,134	$	740	$	4	$	—	$	2,877	$	727	$	1,341	$	—	$	4,945
Total assets	$	157,250	$	24,808	$	60,518	$	(104,157)	$	138,419	$	5,510	$	121,544	$	(1,436)	$	264,037
Expenditures for property	$	8,280	$	706	$	20	$	—	$	9,007	$	197	$	44	$	(10)	$	9,238
Depreciation and amortization	$	5,800	$	513	$	21	$	—	$	6,335	$	53	$	4,888	$	—	$	11,276
Impairment charges	$	11	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12
Equity income (loss)	$	(9)	$	672	$	—	$	—	$	663	$	—	$	173	$	—	$	837

__________


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations/Reclassifications		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	101,308	$	12,172	$	104			$	113,584	$	106	$	13,419	$	(105)	$	127,004
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	10,318	$	827	$	(680)			$	10,465	$	(1,196)	$	5,036	$	(10)	$	14,295
Adjustments(a)	$	(425)	$	(276)	$	—			$	(701)	$	—	$	—	$	—	(701)
Automotive interest income																	146
Automotive interest expense																	(950)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(74)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	12,716
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(2,771)
Net income (loss)																	9,945

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	74
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	10,019
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	827	$	7,133	$	—	$	—	$	7,960	$	—	$	1,717	$	—	$	9,677
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,240	$	772	$	—	$	—	$	3,012	$	736	$	1,339	$	—	$	5,087
Total assets	$	121,735	$	22,876	$	40,492	$	(56,936)	$	128,167	$	4,489	$	113,207	$	(1,145)	$	244,718
Expenditures for property	$	6,576	$	783	$	30	$	—	$	7,389	$	89	$	26	$	5	$	7,509
Depreciation and amortization	$	5,298	$	542	$	21	$	—	$	5,861	$	52	$	6,134	$	—	$	12,047
Impairment charges	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4	$	—	$	—	$	4
Equity income (loss)	$	8	$	1,092	$	—	$	—	$	1,100	$	—	$	201	$	—	$	1,301

__________


	At and For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
	GMNA		GMI		Corporate		Eliminations		Total Automotive		Cruise		GM Financial		Eliminations		Total
Net sales and revenue	$	96,733	$	11,586	$	350			$	108,669	$	103	$	13,831	$	(118)	$	122,485
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	$	9,071	$	(528)	$	(634)			$	7,909	$	(887)	$	2,702	$	(14)	$	9,710
Adjustments(a)	$	(99)	$	(683)	$	130			$	(652)	$	—	$	—	$	—	(652)
Automotive interest income																	241
Automotive interest expense																	(1,098)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	(106)
Income (loss) before income taxes																	8,095
Income tax benefit (expense)																	(1,774)
Net income (loss)																	6,321

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests																	106
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders																	$	6,427
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$	242	$	6,583	$	—	$	—	$	6,825	$	—	$	1,581	$	—	$	8,406
Goodwill and intangibles	$	2,346	$	806	$	—	$	—	$	3,152	$	735	$	1,343	$	—	$	5,230
Total assets	$	114,137	$	23,019	$	39,933	$	(57,464)	$	119,625	$	3,625	$	113,410	$	(1,466)	$	235,194
Expenditures for property	$	4,501	$	729	$	21	$	—	$	5,251	$	15	$	34	$	—	$	5,300
Depreciation and amortization	$	4,739	$	624	$	25	$	—	$	5,388	$	43	$	7,245	$	—	$	12,676
Impairment charges	$	20	$	99	$	—	$	—	$	119	$	20	$	—	$	—	$	139
Equity income (loss)	$	17	$	510	$	—	$	—	$	527	$	—	$	147	$	—	$	674

__________

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets, by Geographical Areas

The following table summarizes information concerning principal geographic areas:


	At and For the Years Ended December 31,
	2022				2021				2020
	Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets		Net Sales and Revenue		Long-Lived Assets
Automotive
U.S.	$	116,798	$	30,201	$	92,771	$	27,192	$	89,204	$	24,932
Non-U.S.	27,177		14,907		20,819		13,771		19,469		12,516
GM Financial
U.S.	11,035		29,411		11,712		34,452		12,227		36,773
Non-U.S.	1,725		3,431		1,702		3,629		1,585		3,230
Total consolidated	$	156,735	$	77,950	$	127,004	$	79,044	$	122,485	$	77,451

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash Flow, Supplemental Disclosures

The following table summarizes the sources (uses) of cash provided by Change in other operating assets and liabilities and Cash paid for income taxes and interest:


Change in other operating assets and liabilities	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Accounts receivable	$	(4,483)	$	493	$	(1,341)
Wholesale receivables funded by GM Financial, net	(5,000)		2,854		2,744
Inventories	(2,581)		(3,155)		(104)
Automotive equipment on operating leases	—		—		53
Change in other assets	(248)		(1,418)		68
Accounts payable	6,144		(1,166)		42
Income taxes payable	273		(95)		130
Accrued and other liabilities	2,918		(879)		(1,991)
Total	$	(2,977)	$	(3,366)	$	(399)

Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	1,191	$	652	$	719
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – Automotive	$	933	$	884	$	1,011
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized) – GM Financial	2,673		2,519		2,947
Total cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$	3,606	$	3,403	$	3,958

Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]
Revenue recognition term of separate and bundled services	7 years
Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Maximum maturity period for highly liquid securities	90 days
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans [Abstract]
Percentage recognized as pension expense in the first year	60.00%
Percentage of pension expense recognized in each of the next four years	10.00%
Subsequent period over which pension expense adjustment is amortized	4 years
Income Taxes [Abstract]
Number of years used for valuation allowance methodology	3 years
Minimum threshold to recognize the tax benefit for uncertain tax positions	50.00%
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation [Abstract]
Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction (gains) losses	$ 172	$ (17)	$ 203
Canada, United Kingdom and Germany
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans [Abstract]
Benefit obligation for pension plans (percent)	90.00%
Other assets
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Cash incentives receivable	$ 248
Other liabilities
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Deferred incentive income in other liabilities	250
Accounts Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Cash incentives receivable	300
Automotive Selling, General and Administrative Expense
Advertising and Promotion Expenditures [Abstract]
Advertising and promotion expenditures	4,000	3,300	2,700
Automotive Cost of Sales
Research and Development Expenditures [Abstract]
Research and development expenditures	$ 9,800	7,900	6,200
GM Financial \| Minimum \| Equipment
Equipment on Operating Leases, net [Abstract]
Term of leasing arrangements	2 years
GM Financial \| Maximum \| Equipment
Equipment on Operating Leases, net [Abstract]
Term of leasing arrangements	5 years
GM Financial \| Retail Finance Receivables
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]
Period past due threshold for suspending accrual of finance charge income	60 days
GM Financial \| Commercial Finance Receivables
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]
Period past due threshold for suspending accrual of finance charge income	90 days
Automotive
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Automotive and other cost of sales	$ 126,892	$ 100,544	$ 97,539
Automotive \| Automotive Cost of Sales
Government Assistance [Abstract]
Incentive income	$ 234

Revenue - Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Revenue - Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	$ 143,975	$ 113,590	$ 108,673
Leased vehicle income	7,811	9,026	9,530
Finance charge income	4,519	4,103	3,995
Other income	431	285	287
GM Financial net sales and revenue	12,760	13,414	13,812
Net sales and revenue	156,735	127,004	122,485
Operating Segments \| Cruise
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	102	106	103
Net sales and revenue	102	106	103
Operating Segments \| GM Financial
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Leased vehicle income	7,811	9,026	9,530
Finance charge income	4,521	4,103	3,996
Other income	435	290	305
GM Financial net sales and revenue	12,766	13,419	13,831
Net sales and revenue	12,766	13,419	13,831
Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	(101)	(100)	(99)
Leased vehicle income	0	0	0
Finance charge income	(2)	0	(1)
Other income	(4)	(5)	(18)
GM Financial net sales and revenue	(6)	(5)	(19)
Net sales and revenue	(107)	(105)	(118)
Automotive
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	143,975	113,590	108,673
Automotive \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	143,974	113,584	108,669
Net sales and revenue	143,974	113,584	108,669
Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMNA
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	128,378	101,308	96,733
Net sales and revenue	128,378	101,308	96,733
Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMI
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	15,420	12,172	11,586
Net sales and revenue	15,420	12,172	11,586
Automotive \| Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	177	104	350
Net sales and revenue	177	104	350
Vehicle, parts and accessories
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	138,692	108,485	103,343
Vehicle, parts and accessories \| Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	0	0	0
Vehicle, parts and accessories \| Automotive \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	138,692	108,485	103,343
Vehicle, parts and accessories \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMNA
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	124,657	97,515	92,749
Vehicle, parts and accessories \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMI
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	13,993	10,956	10,593
Vehicle, parts and accessories \| Automotive \| Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	42	14	1
Used vehicles
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	516	594	1,010
Used vehicles \| Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	0	0	0
Used vehicles \| Automotive \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	516	594	1,010
Used vehicles \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMNA
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	483	545	875
Used vehicles \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMI
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	33	49	115
Used vehicles \| Automotive \| Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	0	0	20
Services and other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	4,766	4,511	4,320
Services and other \| Operating Segments \| Cruise
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	102	106	103
Services and other \| Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	(101)	(100)	(99)
Services and other \| Automotive \| Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	4,765	4,505	4,316
Services and other \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMNA
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	3,238	3,248	3,109
Services and other \| Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMI
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	1,393	1,167	878
Services and other \| Automotive \| Corporate
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	$ 134	$ 90	$ 329

Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract liabilities	$ 3,300	$ 2,500
Deferred revenue recognized	1,300	$ 1,200
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue expected to be recognized	$ 1,300
Performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue expected to be recognized	$ 680
Performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue expected to be recognized	$ 1,400
Performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period

Marketable and Other Securities - Fair Value of Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	$ 17,139
Total cash and cash equivalents	19,153	$ 20,067
Cash and cash equivalents	341	466
Total restricted cash	2,796	3,475
Due in one year or less	10,909
Due between one and five years	6,231
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	17,139
Cruise
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total cash and cash equivalents	1,500	1,600
Cash and cash equivalents
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Cash and time deposits	8,921	7,881
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	5,618	8,148
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	5,618	8,148
Cash and cash equivalents \| Level 2 \| U.S. government and agencies
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	1,012	722
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	1,012	722
Cash and cash equivalents \| Level 2 \| Corporate debt
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	2,778	5,321
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	2,778	5,321
Cash and cash equivalents \| Level 2 \| Sovereign debt
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	1,828	2,105
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	1,828	2,105
Cash and cash equivalents \| Level 1
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Money market funds	4,613	4,038
Marketable debt securities
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	12,150	8,609
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	12,150	8,609
Marketable debt securities \| Cruise
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	1,400	1,500
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	1,400	1,500
Marketable debt securities \| Level 2 \| U.S. government and agencies
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	4,357	2,071
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	4,357	2,071
Marketable debt securities \| Level 2 \| Corporate debt
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	5,147	3,396
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	5,147	3,396
Marketable debt securities \| Level 2 \| Sovereign debt
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	2,108	2,567
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	2,108	2,567
Marketable debt securities \| Level 2 \| Mortgage and asset-backed
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	538	575
Total available-for-sale debt securities with contractual maturities	538	575
Restricted cash - cash equivalents \| Level 1
Marketable Securities [Line Items]
Money market funds	$ 2,455	$ 3,009

Marketable and Other Securities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Marketable Securities [Abstract]
Sales proceeds from investments classified as available-for-sale and sold prior to maturity	$ 1,800	$ 1,900	$ 1,900
Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities	319
Cumulative unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities	$ 344

Marketable and Other Securities - Reconciliation of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Marketable Securities [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 19,153	$ 20,067
Restricted cash included in Other current assets	2,356	2,935
Restricted cash included in Other assets	440	540
Total	$ 21,948	$ 23,542	$ 23,117	$ 22,943

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Summary of Finance Receivables (Details) - GM Financial - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables	$ 76,310	$ 64,702
Less: allowance for loan losses	(2,096)	(1,886)	$ (1,978)	$ (944)
GM Financial receivables, net	74,214	62,816
Retail Finance Receivables
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables	65,322	58,093
Less: allowance for loan losses	(2,062)	(1,839)
GM Financial receivables, net	63,260	56,254
Commercial Finance Receivables
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables	10,988	6,609
Less: allowance for loan losses	(34)	(47)
GM Financial receivables, net	10,954	6,562
Dealer cash management balances	1,900	1,000
Level 2
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
Fair value of GM Financial receivables	10,954	6,562
Level 3
Finance Receivables [Line Items]
Fair value of GM Financial receivables	$ 62,150	$ 57,613

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Allowance for Loan Losses (Details) - GM Financial - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$ 1,886	$ 1,978	$ 944
Provision for loan losses	654	248	881
Charge-offs	(1,138)	(897)	(1,169)
Recoveries	686	574	542
Effect of foreign currency	9	(17)	(21)
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$ 2,096	$ 1,886	1,978
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment \| Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period			$ 801

- Definition

Amount of allowance for credit loss on financing receivable. Excludes allowance for financing receivable covered under loss sharing agreement.

+ References + Details

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Credit Risk Profile by FICO Score (Details) - GM Financial - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 76,310	$ 64,702
Retail Finance Receivables
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2022	29,090	27,638
2021	18,745	17,324
2020	11,081	7,084
2019	3,992	3,918
2018	1,824	1,607
Prior	589	522
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 65,322	$ 58,093
Percent	100.00%	100.00%
Retail Finance Receivables \| Prime – FICO score 680 and greater
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2022	$ 22,677	$ 19,729
2021	13,399	12,408
2020	7,991	4,078
2019	2,254	2,298
2018	1,019	763
Prior	205	143
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 47,543	$ 39,419
Percent	72.80%	67.90%
Retail Finance Receivables \| Near-prime – FICO score 620 to 679
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2022	$ 3,202	$ 3,856
2021	2,601	2,388
2020	1,487	1,229
2019	688	648
2018	310	274
Prior	104	84
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 8,392	$ 8,479
Percent	12.80%	14.60%
Retail Finance Receivables \| Sub-prime – FICO score less than 620
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2022	$ 3,211	$ 4,053
2021	2,746	2,528
2020	1,604	1,777
2019	1,051	972
2018	496	570
Prior	280	295
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 9,388	$ 10,195
Percent	14.40%	17.50%

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Retail Finance Receivables Delinquencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
GM Financial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 76,310	$ 64,702
Retail Finance Receivables
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
TDR's	2,100	1,900
TDR's- Nonaccrual loans	241	219
Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retail finance receivables, nonaccrual status	685	602
2022	29,090	27,638
2021	18,745	17,324
2020	11,081	7,084
2019	3,992	3,918
2018	1,824	1,607
Prior	589	522
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 65,322	$ 58,093
Percent	100.00%	100.00%
Percent	100.00%	100.00%
Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Nonperforming Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2022	$ 414	$ 368
2021	617	379
2020	380	312
2019	249	197
2018	140	129
Prior	96	82
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 1,896	$ 1,467
Percent	2.90%	2.50%
0-to-30 days \| Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Performing Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2022	$ 28,676	$ 27,270
2021	18,128	16,945
2020	10,702	6,772
2019	3,743	3,721
2018	1,685	1,478
Prior	493	440
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 63,426	$ 56,626
Percent	97.10%	97.50%
31-to-60 days \| Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Nonperforming Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2022	$ 310	$ 273
2021	452	276
2020	275	230
2019	184	147
2018	103	97
Prior	69	60
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 1,393	$ 1,083
Percent	2.10%	1.80%
Greater-than-60 days \| Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Nonperforming Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2022	$ 93	$ 83
2021	150	93
2020	98	76
2019	62	46
2018	35	30
Prior	26	21
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 465	$ 349
Percent	0.70%	0.60%
Finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent \| Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Nonperforming Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2022	$ 403	$ 356
2021	603	369
2020	373	306
2019	246	193
2018	138	127
Prior	95	81
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 1,857	$ 1,432
Percent	2.80%	2.40%
In repossession \| Retail Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| Nonperforming Financial Instruments
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
2022	$ 11	$ 12
2021	14	10
2020	6	6
2019	4	4
2018	2	2
Prior	1	1
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 39	$ 35
Percent	0.10%	0.10%

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Commercial Finance Receivables Credit Quality Indicators (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
GM Financial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 76,310	$ 64,702
Commercial Finance Receivables \| Floorplan advances
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Percent of Contractual Amount Due	97.00%	94.00%
Commercial Finance Receivables \| GM Financial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Revolving	$ 9,660	$ 5,498
2022	453	431
2021	357	427
2020	360	134
2019	102	50
2018	38	55
Prior	18	14
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 10,988	$ 6,609
Percent	100.00%	100.00%
Commercial Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| I
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Revolving	$ 9,493	$ 5,210
2022	438	420
2021	356	396
2020	360	120
2019	91	50
2018	38	50
Prior	18	10
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 10,794	$ 6,256
Percent	98.20%	94.70%
Commercial Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| II
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Revolving	$ 89	$ 207
2022	0	3
2021	1	16
2020	0	12
2019	0	0
2018	0	3
Prior	0	0
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 91	$ 241
Percent	0.80%	3.60%
Commercial Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| III
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Revolving	$ 78	$ 81
2022	15	8
2021	0	15
2020	0	2
2019	10	0
2018	0	2
Prior	0	4
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 104	$ 112
Percent	0.90%	1.70%
Commercial Finance Receivables \| GM Financial \| IV
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Revolving	$ 0	$ 0
2022	0	0
2021	0	0
2020	0	0
2019	0	0
2018	0	0
Prior	0	0
GM Financial receivables, net of fees	$ 0	$ 0
Percent	0.00%	0.00%

GM Financial Receivables and Transactions - Intercompany Transactions (Details) - GM Financial - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable, net	$ 74,214	$ 62,816
Common stock dividends declared and paid	1,700	3,500	$ 800
Commercial Portfolio Segment
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable, net	10,954	6,562
Retail Finance Receivables
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable, net	63,260	56,254
Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Subvention receivable	469	282
Interest subvention earned on finance receivables	984	820	679
Leased vehicle subvention earned	1,916	2,702	3,042
Cash payments to GM Financial	2,400	3,300	$ 3,900
Eliminations/ Reclassifications \| Commercial Portfolio Segment
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable, net	187	163
Commercial loan funding payable	105	26
Eliminations/ Reclassifications \| Retail Finance Receivables
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Financing receivable, net	$ 113	$ 0

Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Total productive material, supplies and work in process	$ 8,014	$ 8,240
Finished product, including service parts	7,353	4,748
Total inventories	$ 15,366	$ 12,988

Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]
Rent expense	$ 317	$ 294	$ 317
Operating lease liability	247	204
Operating lease liabilities	967	1,012
Operating right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	252	$ 328
2023	274
2024	240
2025	195
2026	160
2027	122
Thereafter	396
Imputed interest	$ 173
Weighted average discount rate	4.00%	3.50%
Weighted-average remaining lease term	6 years 8 months 12 days	7 years 1 month 6 days
Payments for operating leases	$ 314	$ 301	309
Amount of lease agreements not yet commenced	198
Equipment on operating leases, net	$ 1,100	$ 1,100
Lease receipts under operating leases
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accrued liabilities (Note 12)	Accrued liabilities (Note 12)
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other assets (Note 4; Note 11 at VIEs)	Other assets (Note 4; Note 11 at VIEs)
Equipment
Property Subject to or Available for Operating Lease [Line Items]
Equipment on operating leases	$ 40,919	$ 47,423
Less: accumulated depreciation	(8,218)	(9,494)
Equipment on operating leases, net	32,701	37,929
Residual value of leased assets	24,700
Depreciation expense	4,800	$ 6,100	$ 7,200
GM Financial \| Equipment
Lease receipts under operating leases
2023	4,880
2024	2,804
2025	1,049
2026	117
2027	2
Thereafter	0
Total	$ 8,852

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) numberOfJointVenture	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity income (loss)	$ 837	$ 1,301	$ 674
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	10,176	9,677	8,406
Basis Difference	$ 4,300	4,300
Number of joint ventures engaged in production, import and sale of products \| numberOfJointVenture	4
SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Number of interests in other joint ventures \| numberOfJointVenture	3
Automotive China
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity income (loss)	$ 677	1,098	512
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	6,714	7,156
Ultium Cells Holdings LLC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	1,463	650
Other joint ventures
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity income (loss)	159	203	$ 162
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	$ 1,998	$ 1,871
SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%	50.00%
SGM \| SAIC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
PATAC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%	50.00%
SGMS
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	49.00%	49.00%
SGMW
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	44.00%	44.00%
Shanghai OnStar
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	40.00%	40.00%
Shanghai OnStar \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	20.00%
SGM Norsom
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%	25.00%
SGM Norsom \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
SGM Norsom \| SAIC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%
SGM DY
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%	25.00%
SGM DY \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
SGM DY \| SAIC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%
SGM DYPT
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%	25.00%
SGM DYPT \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	50.00%
SGM DYPT \| SAIC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	25.00%
SAIC-GMAC
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	35.00%	35.00%
SAIC-GMAC \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	20.00%
SAIC-GMAC \| Shanghai Automotive Group Finance Company Ltd.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	45.00%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	35.00%	35.00%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd. \| SGM
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	20.00%
SAIC-GMF Leasing Co., Ltd. \| SAIC Financial Holdings Company
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Ownership Percentage	45.00%

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates - Summarized Financial Data of NCAs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	$ 100,451	$ 82,103
Non-current assets	163,586	162,615
Total Assets	264,037	244,718	$ 235,194
Current liabilities	91,173	74,408
Non-current liabilities	100,579	104,495
Total Liabilities	191,752	178,903
Noncontrolling interests	4,135	6,071
Net sales and revenue	156,735	127,004	122,485
Net income (loss)	9,708	9,945	6,321
Nonconsolidated Affiliates
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	35,140	36,342
Non-current assets	23,254	23,990
Total Assets	58,394	60,332
Current liabilities	40,765	41,461
Non-current liabilities	4,351	6,830
Total Liabilities	45,116	48,291
Noncontrolling interests	904	867
Net sales and revenue	37,886	44,793	40,586
Net income (loss)	1,833	2,696	1,675
Nonconsolidated Affiliates \| Automotive China JVs
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	17,735	18,176
Non-current assets	12,428	13,948
Total Assets	30,163	32,124
Current liabilities	23,267	24,320
Non-current liabilities	1,167	1,223
Total Liabilities	24,434	25,543
Noncontrolling interests	904	867
Net sales and revenue	35,857	42,776	38,736
Net income (loss)	1,407	2,109	1,239
Nonconsolidated Affiliates \| Other joint ventures
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	17,405	18,166
Non-current assets	10,826	10,042
Total Assets	28,231	28,208
Current liabilities	17,498	17,141
Non-current liabilities	3,184	5,607
Total Liabilities	20,682	22,748
Noncontrolling interests	0	0
Net sales and revenue	2,029	2,017	1,850
Net income (loss)	$ 426	$ 587	$ 436

Equity In Net Assets Of Nonconsolidated Affiliates - Transactions with NCAs (Details) - Nonconsolidated Affiliates - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Related Party Transactions [Line Items]
Automotive sales and revenue	$ 218	$ 227	$ 235
Automotive purchases, net	2,637	1,551	165
Dividends received	1,030	783	1,198
Operating cash flows	(1,133)	(616)	$ 1,473
Accounts and notes receivable, net	1,089	1,004
Accounts payable	942	555
Undistributed earnings	$ 1,918	$ 2,111

- Definition

For an unclassified balance sheet, amounts due from related parties including affiliates, employees, joint ventures, officers and stockholders, immediate families thereof, and pension funds.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

- Definition

Carrying amount as of the balance sheet date of obligations due all related parties.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 210
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-03.15(3),(4))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126897435&loc=d3e534808-122878

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6457730&loc=d3e39549-107864

+ Details

- Definition

Amount of revenue, fees and commissions earned from transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiaries; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) an entity and trusts for the benefit of employees, for example, but not limited to, pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of the entity's management; (d) an entity and its principal, owners, management, or members of their immediate families; and (e) affiliates.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iv))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07.1(c))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120401555&loc=SL114874292-224272

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iii)(B))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(4)(iii)(C))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(5))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-02(a)(5))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442552-122756

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (SX 210.13-01(a)(4)(iv))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126975872&loc=SL124442526-122756

Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03.1(e))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227

+ Details

Property (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Property (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 78,295	$ 72,401
Less: accumulated depreciation	(33,047)	(31,286)
Total property, net	45,248	41,115
Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	11,276	12,047	$ 12,676
Property, Plant and Equipment
Capitalized Interest and Software [Abstract]
Capitalized software	1,800	1,400
Depreciation, Amortization and Impairment [Abstract]
Depreciation and amortization expense	6,297	5,829	5,354
Impairment charges	12	0	86
Capitalized software amortization expense	614	515	$ 457
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	1,307	1,301
Buildings and Improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 11,461	10,542
Buildings and Improvements \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	5 years
Buildings and Improvements \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	40 years
Machinery and Equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 33,413	31,444
Machinery and Equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	3 years
Machinery and Equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	27 years
Special Tools
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 24,775	23,719
Special Tools \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	1 year
Special Tools \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Estimated Useful Life in Years	13 years
Construction in Progress
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net, by Type [Abstract]
Total property	$ 7,340	$ 5,395

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 1,900	$ 1,900
GM Financial
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	1,300	1,300
Cruise
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 571	$ 574

- Definition

Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.

+ References + Details

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 6,021	$ 6,026
Accumulated Amortization	2,987	2,853
Net Carrying Amount	3,034	3,173
Amortization expense	139	141	$ 144
Estimated amortization expense, 2022	166
Estimated amortization expense, 2023	166
Estimated amortization expense, 2024	166
Estimated amortization expense, 2025	166
Estimated amortization expense, 2026	166
Technology and intellectual property
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	767	764
Accumulated Amortization	564	555
Net Carrying Amount	203	209
Brands
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	4,294	4,296
Accumulated Amortization	1,658	1,550
Net Carrying Amount	2,636	2,746
Dealer network, customer relationships and other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	960	966
Accumulated Amortization	765	748
Net Carrying Amount	$ 195	$ 218

Variable Interest Entities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Consolidated [Abstract]
Assets	$ 264,037	$ 244,718	$ 235,194
Nonconsolidated VIE
Consolidated [Abstract]
Assets	1,600	850
Maximum loss exposure amount	3,300	2,100
Nonconsolidated VIE \| Capital Commitments \| Ultium Cells Holdings LLC
Consolidated [Abstract]
Committed capital contributions	1,400	1,200
GM Financial
Consolidated [Abstract]
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – current	33,623	26,649
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – non-current	40,591	36,167
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	36,819	33,257
GM Financial long-term debt	60,036	59,304
GM Financial \| Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Consolidated [Abstract]
Restricted cash - current	2,176	2,291
Restricted cash - non-current	360	449
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – current	19,896	15,344
GM Financial receivables, net of fees – non-current	18,748	16,518
GM Financial equipment on operating leases, net	18,456	16,143
GM Financial short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	21,643	19,876
GM Financial long-term debt	$ 20,545	$ 19,401

Accrued and Other Liabilities - Accrued and Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accrued liabilities
Dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	$ 4,813	$ 3,211
Deferred revenue	2,489	2,461
Product warranty and related liabilities	3,042	3,769
Payrolls and employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	3,298	2,937
Other	11,268	7,919
Total accrued liabilities	24,910	20,297
Other liabilities
Deferred revenue	3,552	3,010
Product warranty and related liabilities	5,488	6,005
Operating lease liabilities	967	1,012
Employee benefits excluding postemployment benefits	512	622
Postemployment benefits including facility idling reserves	507	775
Other	3,740	3,661
Total other liabilities	$ 14,767	$ 15,085
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Total other liabilities	Total other liabilities

Accrued and Other Liabilities - Product Warranty and Related Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Product Warranty and Related Liabilities [Roll Forward]
Warranty balance at beginning of period	$ 9,774	$ 8,242	$ 7,798
Warranties issued and assumed in period – recall campaigns	651	2,820	1,628
Warranties issued and assumed in period – product warranty	1,943	1,665	1,773
Payments	(4,097)	(3,249)	(2,986)
Adjustments to pre-existing warranties	297	315	41
Effect of foreign currency and other	(37)	(19)	(12)
Warranty balance at end of period	8,530	9,774	8,242
Less: Supplier recoveries balance at end of period	1,184	2,039	224
Warranty balance, net of supplier recoveries at end of period	7,345	7,735	8,018
Standard and Extended Product Warranty [Abstract]
Warranties issued and assumed in period	2,593	4,485	3,401
Supplier recoveries accrued in period	(261)	(2,175)	(322)
Adjustments and other	260	296	29
Warranty expense, net of supplier recoveries	$ 2,592	$ 2,606	$ 3,108

Debt - Automotive and GM Financial Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Automotive
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Finance lease liabilities		$ 381	$ 349
Carrying Amount		17,844	16,818
Finance lease liabilities, Fair Value		381	362
Fair Value		16,828	20,569
Available under credit facility agreements		$ 15,095	$ 15,208
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding short-term debt		6.10%	9.80%
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt		5.80%	5.80%
Net discount and debt issuance costs		$ 525	$ 512
Automotive \| Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		124	192
Fair Value		123	212
Automotive \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		17,340	16,277
Fair Value		16,323	19,995
Automotive \| Level 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair Value		15,971	19,085
Automotive \| Level 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair Value		857	1,484
GM Financial
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		96,854	92,561
Fair Value		93,738	93,758
GM Financial \| Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		42,131	39,338
Fair Value		41,467	39,401
GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt		54,723	53,223
Fair Value		$ 52,270	54,357
GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt \| Line of Credit \| $2.0 Billion Dollar Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term	364 days	364 days
Aggregate borrowing capacity	$ 2,000	$ 2,000
GM Financial \| Level 2
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair Value		91,545	92,250
GM Financial \| Level 3
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fair Value		$ 2,192	$ 1,508

Debt - Secured Debt and Unsecured Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Apr. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Aug. 31, 2022
Unsecured Debt \| GMI
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of debt				$ 529
Automotive
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt		5.80%		5.80%	5.80%
Revolving Credit Facility \| GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted-average interest rate		6.97%		6.97%
Maximum \| Revolving Credit Facility \| GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term				5 years
Line of Credit \| GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt \| $2.0 Billion Dollar Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt term			364 days	364 days
Aggregate borrowing capacity		$ 2,000	$ 2,000	$ 2,000
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility \| GM Financial \| Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Increase to maximum borrowing capacity				$ 26,300
Senior Notes \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted-average interest rate						5.51%
Amount of debt issued						$ 2,250
Senior Notes \| Unsecured Debt \| 5.40% Senior Unsecured Notes Maturing October 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of debt		$ 1,000
Stated interest rate		5.40%		5.40%
Senior Notes \| Unsecured Debt \| 4.875% Senior Unsecured Notes Maturing October 2023 \| Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of debt	$ 1,500
Stated interest rate	4.875%
Senior Notes \| GM Financial \| 5.2% Senior Notes Due March 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Amount of debt issued					$ 1,500
Stated interest rate					5.20%
Loss on the early extinguishment of debt					$ 105
Senior Notes \| GM Financial \| Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted-average interest rate		3.78%		3.78%
Amount of debt issued		$ 9,000		$ 9,000
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt		3.20%		3.20%
Notes Payable, Other Payables \| GM Financial \| Secured Debt \| Securitization notes payable
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted-average interest rate		3.40%		3.40%
Amount of debt issued		$ 24,300		$ 24,300
Weighted-average interest rate on outstanding long-term debt		1.70%		1.70%

Debt - Interest Expense and LT Debt Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total interest expense	$ 3,868	$ 3,496	$ 4,121
2023	38,873
2024	21,262
2025	17,937
2026	7,878
2027	8,310
Thereafter	21,957
Total	116,217
Automotive
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Automotive interest expense	987	950	1,098
2023	1,961
2024	118
2025	2,597
2026	61
2027	1,805
Thereafter	11,827
Total	18,369
GM Financial
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Financing interest expense	2,881	$ 2,546	$ 3,023
2023	36,912
2024	21,144
2025	15,340
2026	7,817
2027	6,505
Thereafter	10,130
Total	$ 97,847

Derivative Financial Instruments - Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Derivative [Line Items]
DerivativeAssetStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleEnumerationNotDisclosedFlag		Fair Value of Assets	Fair Value of Assets
DerivativeLiabilityStatementOfFinancialPositionExtensibleEnumerationNotDisclosedFlag		Fair Value of Liabilities	Fair Value of Liabilities
Automotive \| Stellantis N.V.
Derivative [Line Items]
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	$ 1,100
Automotive \| Stellantis N.V. \| Common Stock
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of shares called by warrants (in shares)	69.1
Automotive \| Stellantis warrants, formerly known as PSA warrants \| Stellantis N.V.
Derivative [Line Items]
Outstanding warrants (in shares)	39.7
Automotive \| Not Designated as Hedges
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		$ 5,148	$ 5,822
Automotive \| Not Designated as Hedges \| PSA Group \| Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income, Net
Derivative [Line Items]
(Loss) gain on derivative instruments		(363)	316	$ 139
Automotive \| Not Designated as Hedges \| Foreign currency \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		4,072	4,228
Automotive \| Not Designated as Hedges \| Commodity \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		1,075	1,549
Automotive \| Not Designated as Hedges \| Stellantis warrants, formerly known as PSA warrants \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		0	45
Automotive \| Not Designated as Hedges \| Fair Value Hedges \| Stellantis warrants, formerly known as PSA warrants \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Fair Value of Assets			1,400
GM Financial
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		142,212	133,971
Fair Value of Assets		2,302	1,017
Fair Value of Liabilities		3,392	691
Collateral		553	376
Collateral available for netting		1,500
GM Financial \| Cash Flow Hedges \| Foreign currency
Derivative [Line Items]
Loss recognized in AOCI		529
AOCI reclassification		578
GM Financial \| Not Designated as Hedges \| Foreign currency \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		0	148
Fair Value of Assets		0	0
Fair Value of Liabilities		0	0
GM Financial \| Not Designated as Hedges \| Interest rate contracts \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		113,975	110,053
Fair Value of Assets		2,268	846
Fair Value of Liabilities		1,984	339
GM Financial \| Designated as Hedges \| Fair Value Hedges \| Interest rate swaps \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		19,950	15,058
Fair Value of Assets		0	74
Fair Value of Liabilities		821	88
GM Financial \| Designated as Hedges \| Fair Value Hedges \| Foreign currency swaps \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		0	682
Fair Value of Assets		0	0
Fair Value of Liabilities		0	59
GM Financial \| Designated as Hedges \| Cash Flow Hedges \| Interest rate swaps \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		1,434	611
Fair Value of Assets		34	12
Fair Value of Liabilities		1	4
GM Financial \| Designated as Hedges \| Cash Flow Hedges \| Foreign currency swaps \| Fair Value Level 2
Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		6,852	7,419
Fair Value of Assets		0	85
Fair Value of Liabilities		$ 586	$ 201

Derivative Financial Instruments - Balance Sheet Location of Cumulative Basis Adjustments (Details) - Fair Value Hedges - GM Financial - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of Hedged Items	$ 28,319	$ 24,964
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments	781	(226)
Short-term Debt
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of Hedged Items	3,048	1,338
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments	2	(1)
Long-term Debt
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of Hedged Items	25,271	23,626
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments	$ 779	(225)
Cumulative fair value adjustment on discontinued hedging relationships		$ 246

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Contributions and Plan Amendments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions to defined contribution plans	$ 724	$ 606	$ 573
Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Years of service	30 years
Employer contributions	$ 403	438	464
Pension Plan \| Qualified Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Period of time for which there are no mandatory contributions for qualified plans	5 years
Pension Plan \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	$ 71	67	68
Pension Plan \| U.S. \| Nonqualified Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Estimated contributions in next fiscal year	60
Pension Plan \| U.S. \| Qualified Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Mandatory contributions over the next five years	0
Pension Plan \| Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	332	371	396
Estimated contributions in next fiscal year	600
Pension Plan \| Canada and United Kingdom
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Mandatory contributions over the next five years	269
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	387	400
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer contributions	$ 335	$ 351	343
Pension Plan and Other Postretirement Benefits Plan \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Remeasurement decrease due to mortality assumptions			$ 686

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Pensions and OPEB Obligations and Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Pension Plan
Change in plan assets
Employer contributions	$ 403	$ 438	$ 464
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	6,124	6,656
Service cost	16	18	19
Interest cost	148	123	173
Actuarial (gains) losses	(1,289)	(282)
Benefits paid	(410)	(424)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(69)	4
Curtailments, settlements and other	23	29
Ending benefit obligation	4,543	6,124	6,656
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	0	0
Actual return on plan assets	0	0
Employer contributions	387	400
Benefits paid	(410)	(424)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	0	0
Settlements and other	23	24
Ending fair value of plan assets	0	0	0
Ending funded status	(4,543)	(6,124)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	0	0
Current liabilities	(350)	(381)
Non-current liabilities	(4,193)	(5,743)
Net amount recorded	(4,543)	(6,124)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	(86)	(1,439)
Net prior service (cost) credit	10	15
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(76)	(1,424)
U.S. \| Pension Plan
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	60,208	66,468
Service cost	161	187
Interest cost	1,292	1,074	1,716
Actuarial (gains) losses	(12,010)	(2,564)
Benefits paid	(4,239)	(4,414)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	0	0
Curtailments, settlements and other	(595)	(543)
Ending benefit obligation	44,817	60,208	66,468
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	59,921	61,077
Actual return on plan assets	(10,258)	3,734
Employer contributions	71	67	68
Benefits paid	(4,239)	(4,414)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	0	0
Settlements and other	(594)	(543)
Ending fair value of plan assets	44,901	59,921	61,077
Ending funded status	84	(287)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	1,557	1,896
Current liabilities	(62)	(70)
Non-current liabilities	(1,411)	(2,113)
Net amount recorded	84	(287)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	(1,186)	(13)
Net prior service (cost) credit	5	7
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,181)	(6)
U.S. \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
Change in plan assets
Employer contributions	335	351	343
Non-U.S. \| Pension Plan
Change in benefit obligations
Beginning benefit obligation	18,314	20,807
Service cost	146	109
Interest cost	293	236	362
Actuarial (gains) losses	(3,797)	(1,015)
Benefits paid	(955)	(1,151)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,361)	(509)
Curtailments, settlements and other	(58)	(163)
Ending benefit obligation	12,582	18,314	20,807
Change in plan assets
Beginning fair value of plan assets	13,521	13,846
Actual return on plan assets	(2,257)	602
Employer contributions	332	371	396
Benefits paid	(955)	(1,151)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(1,024)	10
Settlements and other	(87)	(157)
Ending fair value of plan assets	9,530	13,521	$ 13,846
Ending funded status	(3,052)	(4,793)
Amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheets
Non-current assets	1,552	1,440
Current liabilities	(316)	(338)
Non-current liabilities	(4,288)	(5,895)
Net amount recorded	(3,052)	(4,793)
Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Net actuarial loss	(2,157)	(3,675)
Net prior service (cost) credit	(56)	(54)
Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$ (2,213)	$ (3,729)

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Accumulated Benefit Obligations and Projected Benefit Obligations (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
U.S.
ABO and PBO [Line Items]
ABO	$ 44,798	$ 60,188
Plans with ABO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
ABO	5,668	8,396
Fair Value of Plan Assets	4,214	6,233
Plans with PBO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
PBO	5,687	8,415
Fair Value of Plan Assets	4,214	6,223
Non-U.S.
ABO and PBO [Line Items]
ABO	12,505	18,244
Plans with ABO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
ABO	4,739	6,464
Fair Value of Plan Assets	211	300
Plans with PBO in Excess of Plan Assets [Abstract]
PBO	4,815	6,533
Fair Value of Plan Assets	$ 211	$ 300

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Components of Expense and Assumptions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
Components of expense
Service cost		$ 16	$ 18	$ 19
Interest cost		148	123	173
Expected return on plan assets		0	0	0
Amortization of net actuarial losses		67	97	74
Curtailments, settlements and other		(5)	(6)	(8)
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense		$ 226	$ 232	$ 258
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	2.53%	5.51%	2.97%	2.53%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate		2.84%	2.24%	3.00%
U.S. \| Pension Plan
Components of expense
Service cost		$ 233	$ 260	$ 251
Service cost		161	187
Interest cost		1,292	1,074	1,716
Expected return on plan assets		(3,000)	(3,178)	(3,267)
Amortization of net actuarial losses		18	26	16
Curtailments, settlements and other		(17)	15	17
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense		$ (1,474)	$ (1,803)	$ (1,267)
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	2.37%	5.47%	2.78%	2.37%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate		2.34%	1.86%	2.84%
Expected rate of return on plan assets		5.38%	5.63%	5.88%
U.S. \| Pension Plan \| Plan
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Expected rate of return on plan assets		6.30%	5.40%
Non-U.S. \| Pension Plan
Components of expense
Service cost		$ 157	$ 121	$ 145
Service cost		146	109
Interest cost		293	236	362
Expected return on plan assets		(534)	(610)	(675)
Amortization of net actuarial losses		133	212	171
Curtailments, settlements and other		10	7	241
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense		$ 59	$ (34)	$ 244
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations(a)
Discount rate	1.62%	4.85%	2.13%	1.62%
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Discount rate		2.98%	2.38%	2.80%
Expected rate of return on plan assets		4.39%	4.67%	4.96%
Canada \| Pension Plan
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net expense(a)
Payment for annuity purchase	$ 1,500
Non-operating pension settlement charge	$ 130

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Target Allocation tables (Details) - Pension Plan	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	100.00%	100.00%
U.S. \| Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	8.00%	9.00%
U.S. \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	69.00%	68.00%
U.S. \| Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	23.00%	23.00%
Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	100.00%	100.00%
Non-U.S. \| Equity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	10.00%	14.00%
Non-U.S. \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	75.00%	69.00%
Non-U.S. \| Other
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocations	15.00%	17.00%

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Assets and Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Pension Plan - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	$ 33,086	$ 44,230
Plan assets measured at net asset value	12,551	15,323
Other plan assets (liabilities), net	(736)	368
Net plan assets	44,901	59,921	$ 61,077
U.S. \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	1,225	2,554
U.S. \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	9,606	14,924
U.S. \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	21,816	26,064
U.S. \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	439	688
U.S. \| Investment funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	5,124	7,304
U.S. \| Private equity and debt investments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	3,936	4,415
U.S. \| Real estate investments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	3,491	3,604
U.S. \| Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	1,347	2,975
U.S. \| Level 1 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	1,222	2,554
U.S. \| Level 1 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
U.S. \| Level 1 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
U.S. \| Level 1 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	125	421
U.S. \| Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	31,482	41,009
U.S. \| Level 2 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
U.S. \| Level 2 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	9,606	14,924
U.S. \| Level 2 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	21,816	26,064
U.S. \| Level 2 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	60	21
U.S. \| Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	257	246
U.S. \| Level 3 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	3	0
U.S. \| Level 3 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
U.S. \| Level 3 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
U.S. \| Level 3 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	254	246
Non-U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	4,937	6,939
Plan assets measured at net asset value	4,485	6,545
Other plan assets (liabilities), net	108	37
Net plan assets	9,530	13,521	$ 13,846
Non-U.S. \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	143	372
Non-U.S. \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	2,185	3,084
Non-U.S. \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	2,571	3,381
Non-U.S. \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	38	102
Non-U.S. \| Investment funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	3,124	4,963
Non-U.S. \| Private equity and debt investments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	483	593
Non-U.S. \| Real estate investments
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets measured at net asset value	878	989
Non-U.S. \| Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	167	424
Non-U.S. \| Level 1 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	143	372
Non-U.S. \| Level 1 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
Non-U.S. \| Level 1 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
Non-U.S. \| Level 1 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	24	52
Non-U.S. \| Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	4,685	6,397
Non-U.S. \| Level 2 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
Non-U.S. \| Level 2 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	2,185	3,084
Non-U.S. \| Level 2 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	2,570	3,379
Non-U.S. \| Level 2 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	(70)	(66)
Non-U.S. \| Level 2 \| Canadian repurchase agreements
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	150	271
Non-U.S. \| Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	85	118
Non-U.S. \| Level 3 \| Common and preferred stocks
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
Non-U.S. \| Level 3 \| Government and agency debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	0	0
Non-U.S. \| Level 3 \| Corporate and other debt securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	1	2
Non-U.S. \| Level 3 \| Other investments, net
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net plan assets subject to leveling	$ 84	$ 116

Pensions And Other Postretirement Benefits - Pension Benefit Payments (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments [Abstract]
2023	$ 358
2024	354
2025	351
2026	349
2027	346
2028–2032	1,690
U.S. \| Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments [Abstract]
2023	4,523
2024	4,246
2025	4,144
2026	4,036
2027	3,919
2028–2032	17,614
Non-U.S. \| Pension Plan
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Benefit Payments [Abstract]
2023	995
2024	934
2025	916
2026	892
2027	873
2028–2032	$ 4,142

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2021 defect	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Maximum liability, guarantees			$ 3,100	$ 3,100
Rebates available			1,100	1,200
Indirect Tax Matters
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Reasonably possible loss			900
Chevrolet Bolt EV Recall
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Warranty provision	$ 1,200					$ 812
Number of manufacturing defect \| defect					2
Chevrolet Bolt EV Recall \| LG Electronics, Inc.
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount awarded to other party	$ 1,900
Accrued liabilities and Other liabilities
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Litigation-related liability and tax administrative matters			1,100	1,400
Product liability			561	587
Credit card program deferred revenue			353	$ 309
Takata Passenger-side Airbags
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Increase in product warranty accrual		$ 1,100
Korea Wage Litigation - Former Subcontract Workers
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Warranty provision			282
Reasonably possible loss			$ 97

Income Taxes - Pre-tax Income and Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss)	$ 10,760	$ 11,415	$ 7,421
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	389	20	84
U.S. state and local	368	142	272
Non-U.S.	707	395	493
Total current income tax expense (benefit)	1,464	557	849
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	263	1,699	632
U.S. state and local	109	229	(15)
Non-U.S.	53	286	308
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	425	2,214	925
Total income tax expense (benefit)	1,888	2,771	1,774
Basis differences from reinvested earnings	3,500	3,200
China JVs
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
Additional basis differences	3,400	3,400
U.S.
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss)	9,454	9,513	6,881
Non-U.S.
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss)	$ 1,306	$ 1,902	$ 540

Income Taxes - Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Amount [Abstract]
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	$ 2,260	$ 2,397	$ 1,558
State and local tax expense (benefit)	388	301	219
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate	32	36	(1)
U.S. tax impact on Non-U.S. income and activities	5	129	(160)
Change in valuation allowances	(392)	665	370
Change in tax laws	78	(93)	0
General business credits and manufacturing incentives	(829)	(492)	(366)
Settlements of prior year tax matters	0	11	(18)
Realization of basis differences in affiliates	209	(295)	(12)
Foreign currency remeasurement	36	28	(7)
Other adjustments	102	84	191
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$ 1,888	$ 2,771	$ 1,774

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	$ 1,120	$ 1,572
Pension and other employee benefit plans	997	1,540
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts	4,341	4,253
Miscellaneous	2,773	3,468
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances	30,240	31,670
Less: valuation allowances	(7,744)	(8,855)
Total deferred tax assets	22,495	22,815
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment	1,957	1,775
Intangible assets	707	729
Total deferred tax liabilities	2,664	2,504
Net deferred tax assets	19,832	20,311
Domestic Tax Authority
Deferred tax liabilities
Operating loss carryforwards	417
Operating loss carryforwards, not subject to expiration	129
Tax credit carryforwards	5,400
Tax credit carryforwards indefinitely	292
Domestic Tax Authority \| Tax Year 2040
Deferred tax liabilities
Operating loss carryforwards, subject to expiration	288
Domestic Tax Authority \| Tax Year 2042
Deferred tax liabilities
Tax credit carryforwards, subject to expiration	5,200
Foreign Tax Authority
Deferred tax liabilities
Operating loss carryforwards	6,100
Operating loss carryforwards, not subject to expiration	5,100
Tax credit carryforwards	148
Tax credit carryforwards indefinitely	112
Foreign Tax Authority \| Tax Year 2042
Deferred tax liabilities
Operating loss carryforwards, subject to expiration	1,100
Tax credit carryforwards, subject to expiration	36
GM Cruise
Deferred tax liabilities
Payments to acquire additional investment	1,350
Release of valuation allowance	482
U.S.
Deferred tax assets
U.S. capitalized research expenditures	8,851	7,285
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	5,861	6,959
Non-U.S.
Deferred tax assets
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards	6,296	6,593
Germany, Spain, South Korea, United States and Brazil
Deferred tax assets
Less: valuation allowances	$ (7,700)	$ (8,900)

Income Taxes - Uncertain Tax Positions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 634	$ 1,086	$ 775
Additions to current year tax positions	12	22	435
Additions to prior years' tax positions	14	46	26
Reductions to prior years' tax positions	(98)	(473)	(132)
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations	(20)	(17)	(3)
Settlements	(10)	(26)	(10)
Other	(12)	(4)	(5)
Balance at end of period	520	634	$ 1,086
Unrecognized tax benefit that would favorably affect effective tax rate	356	411
Income tax related interest and penalties accrual	$ 86	$ 86

Restructuring And Other Initiatives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended				36 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 520	$ 285	$ 352	$ 564	$ 564
Additions, interest accretion and other		522	216	565
Payments		(275)	(278)	(678)
Revisions to estimates and effect of foreign currency		(12)	(5)	(99)
Balance at end of period		520	285	352	520
Change in valuation allowances		(392)	$ 665	370
GMNA
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges		511
GMI \| Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and India
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges				683
GMI \| Australia and New Zealand
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Change in valuation allowances				236
GMI \| Thailand
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Proceeds from sale of business				143
Dealer Restructuring and Employee Separation Payments \| GMNA
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Payments		$ (120)
Dealer Restructuring and Employee Separation Payments \| GMNA \| Forecast
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Payments	$ (391)
Dealer Restructuring and Employee Separation Payments \| GMI \| Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and India
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Payments				(197)	$ (254)
Dealer Restructurings, Employee Separations and Supplier Claim Charges \| GMI \| Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and India
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges				360
Asset Impairments, Sales Allowances, Inventory Provisions and Other Charges \| GMI \| Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and India
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges and other charges				$ 323

Interest Income and Other Non-Operating Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Non-service pension and OPEB income (loss)	$ 1,512	$ 1,909	$ 1,095
Interest income	460	146	241
Licensing agreements income	238	195	211
Revaluation of investments	(236)	571	265
Other	(542)	220	73
Total interest income and other non-operating income, net	1,432	$ 3,041	$ 1,885
Russia
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Business exit costs	$ 657

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests - Preferred and Common Stock (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Aug. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock shares authorized \| shares			2,000,000,000
Common stock shares authorized \| shares			5,000,000,000
Preferred stock shares outstanding \| shares			0	0
Common stock number of shares issued \| shares			1,400,000,000	1,500,000,000
Common stock shares outstanding \| shares			1,400,000,000	1,500,000,000
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares			$ 0.18		$ 0.38
Cash dividends paid on common stock			$ 257		$ 545
Number of votes per share \| vote			1
Common shares purchased during period (in shares) \| shares			0		3,000,000
Amount of common stock purchased during period			$ 2,500		$ 90
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cash used to settle awards		$ 0	$ 600
Common Stock Repurchase Program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Increased capacity under common stock repurchase plan						$ 5,000
Remaining authorized repurchase amount							$ 3,300
Common shares purchased during period (in shares) \| shares			64,000,000
Amount of common stock purchased during period			$ 2,500
Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B \| GM Financial
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock issued					$ 500
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					$ 0.01
Liquidation preference of preferred stock per share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares					$ 1,000
Annual dividend rate					5.70%
Common Class B
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Recorded value of vested awards			60
Common Class B \| Cruise Stock Incentive Awards
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Cash used to settle awards			600
Cruise Preferred Shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Decrease in equity due to preferred stock redemption			700
GM Cruise
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Payments to acquire additional investment			1,350
Net income attributable to shareholders and transfers to the noncontrolling interests			9,200
GM Cruise \| Series G Preferred Shares \| Microsoft and other investors
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of stock				$ 2,700
GM Cruise \| Series G Preferred Shares \| General Motors Holdings LLC
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from sale of stock				$ 1,000
GM Cruise \| Cruise Class A-1, Class F and Class G Preferred Shares \| SoftBank
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Payments for repurchase of equity	$ 2,100
GM Cruise \| Common Class B
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Amount of stock issued during period			800
Payments for statutory tax withholdings			$ 500
GM Cruise
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Payments to acquire additional investment	$ 1,350

Stockholders' Equity and Noncontrolling Interests - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 65,815	$ 49,677	$ 45,957
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	1,337	4,206	(2,318)
Balance at end of period	71,927	65,815	49,677
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(2,654)	(2,735)	(2,278)
Other comprehensive loss and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment	(123)	81	(457)
Balance at end of period	(2,776)	(2,654)	(2,735)
Defined Benefit Plans
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(6,528)	(10,654)	(8,859)
Other comprehensive loss and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment	1,487	4,714	(2,661)
Tax benefit (expense)	2	(906)	444
Other comprehensive loss and noncontrolling interests before reclassification adjustment, net of tax	1,488	3,808	(2,217)
Reclassification adjustment, net of tax	188	318	422
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	1,677	4,126	(1,795)
Balance at end of period	$ (4,851)	$ (6,528)	$ (10,654)

- Definition

Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).

+ References

+ Details

- Definition

Amount of stockholders' equity (deficit), net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity, attributable to both the parent and noncontrolling interests. Amount excludes temporary equity. Alternate caption for the concept is permanent equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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+ Details

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Basic Earnings per Common Share
Income from continuing operations	$ 9,934	$ 10,019	$ 6,427
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock	(1,019)	(182)	(180)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$ 8,915	$ 9,837	$ 6,247
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	1,445	1,451	1,433
Basic earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 6.17	$ 6.78	$ 4.36
Diluted earnings per share
Income from continuing operations attributable to common stockholders – diluted	$ 8,915	$ 9,837	$ 6,247
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	1,445	1,451	1,433
Dilutive effect of warrants and awards under stock incentive plans (in shares)	10	17	9
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted (in shares)	1,454	1,468	1,442
Diluted earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 6.13	$ 6.70	$ 4.33
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	10	2	7
Cruise Preferred Shares
Basic Earnings per Common Share
Less: cumulative dividends on subsidiary preferred stock	$ 909

Stock Incentive Plans (Details) - $ / shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stock Incentive Awards Units Outstanding (Roll Forward)
Units outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	30.2
Granted (in shares)	10.3
Settled (in shares)	(5.6)
Forfeited or expired (in shares)	(0.7)
Units outstanding at end of period (in shares)	34.1	30.2
Stock Incentive Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (Per Share) [Roll Forward]
Weighted-average grant date fair value, Units outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 26.14
Weighted-average grant date fair value, granted (in dollars per share)	39.95
Weighted-average grant date fair value, settled (in dollars per share)	40.34
Weighted-average grant date fair value, forfeited or expired (in dollars per share)	40.28
Weighted-average grant date fair value, Units outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 27.62	$ 26.14
Remaining Contractual Term [Abstract]
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Terms in years, Outstanding	9 months 18 days	9 months 18 days

Stock Incentive Plans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Compensation expense			$ 419	$ 391	$ 351
Unrecognized compensation expense			$ 288
Weighted-average period for total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards			1 year 4 months 24 days
Fair value of stock incentive awards vested			$ 307	$ 258	$ 275
Performance Share Units (PSUs)
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Performance period			3 years
Stock options
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Expiration period			10 years
Dividend yield			1.60%	1.67%	4.25%
Expected volatility rate			41.00%	47.80%	26.20%
Risk-free interest rate			1.88%	0.76%	1.44%
Expected option life			6 years	6 years	5 years 11 months 19 days
Performance-based Employee Stock Options
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period			55 months
Service-based Employee Stock Options \| Maximum
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period			3 years
Restricted Stock Awards (RSAs)
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period			3 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period			3 years
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Cash used to settle awards		$ 0	$ 600
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Stock options
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Expiration period			10 years
Dividend yield			0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility rate			57.18%	57.03%
Risk-free interest rate			2.37%	1.31%
Expected option life			6 years 7 months 9 days	5 years 5 months 26 days
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Stock options \| Minimum
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period			4 years
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Stock options \| Maximum
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period			10 years
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Stock options and RSUs
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Compensation expense			$ 1,600
Weighted-average period for total unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested equity awards			1 year 8 months 12 days
Total units outstanding (in shares)			86.0
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation expense			$ 1,700
Numbers of awards that vested immediately (in shares)	31.0
Total units outstanding (in shares)			61.2	66.2
Cruise Stock Incentive Awards \| Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) \| Maximum
Stock Incentive Plans Narratives [Abstract]
Service period	4 years

Stock Incentive Plans - Stock Option Activity (Details) - Cruise Stock Incentive Awards - $ / shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Shares
Units outstanding, Beginning balance (in shares)	66.2
Granted (in shares)	47.4
Settled (in shares)	(45.2)
Forfeited or expired (in shares)	(7.2)
Units outstanding, Ending balance (in shares)	61.2	66.2
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Weighted average grant date fair value, Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 18.82
Weighted average grant fate fair value, Granted (in dollars per share)	28.09
Weighted average grant date fair value, Settled (in dollars per share)	29.00
Weighted average grant date fair value, Forfeited or expired (in dollars per share)	26.86
Weighted average grant date fair value, Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 28.62	$ 18.82
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years	1 year 6 months	8 years 1 month 6 days
Stock options
Shares
Beginning balance, Units outstanding (in shares)	23.8
Granted (in shares)	2.9
Settled (in shares)	(2.3)
Forfeited or expired (in shares)	0.0
Ending balance, Units outstanding (in shares)	24.4	23.8
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Weighted average exercise price, Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 7.07
Weighted average exercise price, Granted (in dollars per share)	15.77
Weighted average exercise price, Settled (in dollars per share)	20.64
Weighted average exercise price, Forfeited or expired (in dollars per share)	0
Weighted average exercise price, Ending balance (in dollars per share)	$ 8.22	$ 7.07
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years	1 year 8 months 12 days	2 years

Segment Reporting - Summary of key financial information by segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	$ 156,735	$ 127,004	$ 122,485
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	14,474	14,295	9,710
Adjustments	(2,125)	(701)	(652)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(226)	(74)	(106)
Income (loss) before income taxes	11,597	12,716	8,095
Income tax benefit (expense)	(1,888)	(2,771)	(1,774)
Net income (loss)	9,708	9,945	6,321
Net income (loss) attributable to stockholders	9,934	10,019	6,427
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	10,176	9,677	8,406
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	4,945	5,087	5,230
Total Assets	264,037	244,718	235,194
Expenditures for property	9,238	7,509	5,300
Depreciation and amortization	11,276	12,047	12,676
Impairment charges	12	4	139
Equity income (loss)	837	1,301	674
Operating Segments \| Cruise
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	102	106	103
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	(1,890)	(1,196)	(887)
Adjustments	(1,057)	0	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	0	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	727	736	735
Total Assets	5,510	4,489	3,625
Expenditures for property	197	89	15
Depreciation and amortization	53	52	43
Impairment charges	0	4	20
Equity income (loss)	0	0	0
Operating Segments \| GM Financial
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	12,766	13,419	13,831
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	4,076	5,036	2,702
Adjustments	0	0	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	1,665	1,717	1,581
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	1,341	1,339	1,343
Total Assets	121,544	113,207	113,410
Expenditures for property	44	26	34
Depreciation and amortization	4,888	6,134	7,245
Impairment charges	0	0	0
Equity income (loss)	173	201	147
Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	(107)	(105)	(118)
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	2	(10)	(14)
Adjustments	0	0	0
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	0	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	0	0	0
Total Assets	(1,436)	(1,145)	(1,466)
Expenditures for property	(10)	5	0
Depreciation and amortization	0	0	0
Impairment charges	0	0	0
Equity income (loss)	0	0	0
Automotive
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Automotive interest income	460	146	241
Automotive interest expense	(987)	(950)	(1,098)
Automotive \| Operating Segments
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	143,974	113,584	108,669
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	12,286	10,465	7,909
Adjustments	(1,068)	(701)	(652)
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	8,511	7,960	6,825
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	2,877	3,012	3,152
Total Assets	138,419	128,167	119,625
Expenditures for property	9,007	7,389	5,251
Depreciation and amortization	6,335	5,861	5,388
Impairment charges	12	0	119
Equity income (loss)	663	1,100	527
Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMNA
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	128,378	101,308	96,733
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	12,988	10,318	9,071
Adjustments	(411)	(425)	(99)
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	1,820	827	242
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	2,134	2,240	2,346
Total Assets	157,250	121,735	114,137
Expenditures for property	8,280	6,576	4,501
Depreciation and amortization	5,800	5,298	4,739
Impairment charges	11	0	20
Equity income (loss)	(9)	8	17
Automotive \| Operating Segments \| GMI
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	15,420	12,172	11,586
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	1,143	827	(528)
Adjustments	(657)	(276)	(683)
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	6,691	7,133	6,583
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	740	772	806
Total Assets	24,808	22,876	23,019
Expenditures for property	706	783	729
Depreciation and amortization	513	542	624
Impairment charges	1	0	99
Equity income (loss)	672	1,092	510
Automotive \| Corporate
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Net sales and revenue	177	104	350
Earnings (loss) before interest and taxes-adjusted	(1,846)	(680)	(634)
Adjustments	0	0	130
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	0	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	4	0	0
Total Assets	60,518	40,492	39,933
Expenditures for property	20	30	21
Depreciation and amortization	21	21	25
Impairment charges	0	0	0
Equity income (loss)	0	0	0
Automotive \| Eliminations/ Reclassifications
Revenue and others for Reportable Segment [Abstract]
Equity in net assets of nonconsolidated affiliates	0	0	0
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	0	0	0
Total Assets	(104,157)	(56,936)	(57,464)
Expenditures for property	0	0	0
Depreciation and amortization	0	0	0
Impairment charges	0	0	0
Equity income (loss)	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Segment Reporting - Revenues and long-lived assets by geographic region (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
GM Financial	$ 12,760	$ 13,414	$ 13,812
Net Sales and Revenue	156,735	127,004	122,485
Long-Lived Assets	$ 77,950	$ 79,044	77,451
MEXICO \| Assets, Total \| Geographic Concentration Risk
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	11.00%	10.00%
Automotive \| U.S.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	$ 116,798	$ 92,771	89,204
Long-Lived Assets	30,201	27,192	24,932
Automotive \| Non-U.S.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Automotive net sales and revenue	27,177	20,819	19,469
Long-Lived Assets	14,907	13,771	12,516
GM Financial
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
GM Financial	12,760	13,414	13,812
GM Financial \| U.S.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
GM Financial	11,035	11,712	12,227
Long-Lived Assets	29,411	34,452	36,773
GM Financial \| Non-U.S.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
GM Financial	1,725	1,702	1,585
Long-Lived Assets	$ 3,431	$ 3,629	$ 3,230

Supplemental Information for the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounts receivable	$ (4,483)	$ 493	$ (1,341)
Wholesale receivables funded by GM Financial, net	(5,000)	2,854	2,744
Inventories	(2,581)	(3,155)	(104)
Automotive equipment on operating leases	0	0	53
Change in other assets	(248)	(1,418)	68
Accounts payable	6,144	(1,166)	42
Income taxes payable	273	(95)	130
Accrued and other liabilities	2,918	(879)	(1,991)
Total	(2,977)	(3,366)	(399)
Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash paid for income taxes, net	1,191	652	719
Cash Paid for Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	3,606	3,403	3,958
Automotive
Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash Paid for Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	933	884	1,011
GM Financial
Cash paid for income taxes and interest
Cash Paid for Interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$ 2,673	$ 2,519	$ 2,947

Label	Element	Value
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdateExtensibleList	Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 [Member]

- Definition

Indicates amendment to accounting standards.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 40
-Section 65
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126732423&loc=SL126732908-238011

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Section 65
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (b)
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 805
-SubTopic 20
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